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acid–base homeostasis
All living things depend on water. Life consists of a highly complex series of chemical reactions occurring in aqueous media. Among the most important factors in the composition of these ...
animal testing
Animals have been widely used for many years to test vaccines, pharmaceutical drugs, cosmetics, etc. This is a legal requirement under the US Food and Drugs Act and similar legislation in most other ...
animals in research
Animals are widely used in the biomedical sciences, for purposes ranging from studying the functions of human and animal bodies and the nature of disease, to toxicological testing to assess ...
Bernard, Claude Reference library
The Oxford Companion to the Body
Claude Bernard (1813–78) was a key figure in French nineteenth-century science, and one of the world's great physiologists.
Bernard, Claude (1813–78) Reference library
The New Oxford Companion to Literature in French
(1813–78).
French physiologist and professor at the Collège de France, a leading figure in the development of
Bernard, Claude Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Medicine (3 ed.)
(1813–78).
French physiologist. The son of a vine-grower in the Rhone, after an apprenticeship to a pharmacist and an attempted career as a playwright, Bernard entered the ...
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Bernard, Claude Quick reference
A Dictionary of Scientists
(1813–1878) French physiologist
Bernard, the son of a poor wine grower from St. Julien, began writing plays to earn money but turned to medicine on the advice of a literary ...
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Bernardo Alberto Houssay
(1887–1971), physiologist, experimental endocrinologist, and academic leader.One of the most prominent and influential Latin American scientists of the twentieth century, Houssay was the son of a ...
biochemistry
The study of the chemistry of living organisms, especially the structure and function of their chemical components (principally proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids). Biochemistry has ...
body fluids
A term that includes blood, tears, sweat, serous and mucous secretions from all bodily orifices, saliva, urine, and semen. In clinical usage, the term refers to body fluids that can transmit ...
carbon monoxide
A colourless almost odourless gas that is very poisonous. When breathed in it combines with haemoglobin in the red blood cells to form carboxyhaemoglobin, which is bright red in colour. This compound ...
clinical investigation
Most physicians will agree that ‘clinical investigation’ is the cornerstone of medical progress. However, opinion soon divides when people are asked to define what is meant by the term. Is ...
diabetes mellitus
A disorder of carbohydrate metabolism in which sugars in the body are not oxidized to produce energy due to lack of the pancreatic hormone insulin. The accumulation of sugar leads to its appearance ...
dissection
n. the cutting apart and separation of the body tissues along the natural divisions of the organs and different tissues in the course of an operation. Dissection of corpses is carried out for the ...
Edward Caswall
(1814–78),hymn-writer. Educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, he was Perpetual Curate of Stratford-sub-Castle, Wilts, from 1840 to 1847. In 1847 he was received into the RC Church, and in 1850 ...
endocrinology
n. the study of the endocrine glands and the substances they secrete (hormones). —endocrinologist n.
endocrinology — history
In 1855, Claude Bernard discovered that glucose was synthesized in the liver and secreted into the portal vein. He described this secretion as ‘internal’, to distinguish it from bile, the ...
France
The present medical system is very complex. There are private hospitals or clinics and public hospitals, called university hospitals in towns where a university is situated and regional hospitals in ...
gastroenterology
n. the study of gastrointestinal disease, which includes disease of any part of the digestive tract and also of the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas.
homeostasis
n. the physiological process by which the internal systems of the body (e.g. blood pressure, body temperature, acid-base balance) are maintained at equilibrium, despite variations in the external ...
