Austria
The resurgence of the far right has abated and Austria has returned to consensus politicsAustria is one of Western Europe's most mountainous countries. The western two-thirds of the country fall ...
battle of Dettingen
(27 June 1743)An important victory for the British over the French in the War of the Austrian Succession. George II at the head of 40,000 British, Hanoverian, and Austrian troops marched from the ...
battle of Fontenoy
1745.In the War of the Austrian Succession, the French were besieging Tournai. The duke of Cumberland attacked a superior French force under Marshal Saxe on 11 May. After heavy fighting, the attack ...
battle of Lauffeld
1747.After subduing the Jacobites in 1746, William, duke of Cumberland, was placed in charge of an allied army in the Low Countries, commanding English, Hanoverian, Dutch, and Austrian troops. On 2 ...
Battle of Oudenarde
(1708)Military engagement during the War of the Spanish Succession. At the Flemish city of Oudenarde Marlborough and his Dutch and Austrian allies defeated the French army. It was Marlborough's third ...
column and line
One of the age-old problems of tactics and battlefield handling is the tension between the need for shock action and the requirement to deliver effective fire at a distance. This ...
Croatian light forces
Were light units and storm troopers in the service of the Habsburgs, who were respected for their mobility and speed. They were known as Croatian regiments, although their commanders were ...
Earl of Chatham William Pitt
(1708–78),known as Pitt the Elder. In 1735 Pitt launched his belligerent political career by insulting King George II over his son's marriage and was dismissed from the army commission he had held ...
Edward Boscawen
(1711–61) British admiral and naval hero, popular for the taking of Porto Bello (1739) and the siege of Cartagena (1741). In the French and Indian War (1754–63), Boscawen intercepted a ...
Forty-Five
(1745)A Jacobite rebellion in England and Scotland. Its aim was the removal of the Hanoverian George II from the throne and his replacement by James Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender. Jacobite hopes ...
France, relations with
From the Norman Conquest of 1066 England was involved in a series of French wars arising out of the continental possessions (and claims) of the Norman and still more of ...
Francis I
(1708–65) Holy Roman Emperor (1745–65),Duke of Lorraine (1729–35) and Tuscany (1737–65). In 1736, he married the Habsburg heiress Maria Theresa. Her accession (1740) precipitated the War of the ...
Frederick the Great
(b Berlin, 1712; d Potsdam, 1786).Ger. sovereign (reigned 1740–86) who was also composer, flautist, and patron of music. Pupil of Hayne and Quantz. Est. court orch. Berlin 1740, and opera house 1742. ...
French and Indian War
(1689–1763)Anglo-French conflicts in North America, part of the international rivalry between the two nations, in which many Native Americans became embroiled. They consisted of King William's War ...
George Anson
(1697–1762),made his famous voyage round the world in 1740–44; an account of it compiled, according to the title‐page, by his chaplain Richard Walter appeared in 1748. It is the source of Cowper's ...
George II
[Na]British monarch from ad 1727, of the House of Hanover. Born 1683, son of George I. Married Caroline, daughter of John Frederick, margrave of Brandenburg‐Anspach. He died in 1760, aged 76, having ...
Hanover
Was in personal union with Britain from 1714, when George I succeeded Queen Anne under the terms of the Act of Settlement, until 1837 when the Salic Law prevented Victoria from retaining Hanover and ...
Henry Pelham
(1696–1754)British Whig statesman, Prime Minister (1743–54). After serving in Sir Robert Walpole's Cabinet from 1721 onwards, he replaced him as Premier, and introduced a period of peace and ...
hussars
Hǝˈzärn. a soldier in a light cavalry regiment that had adopted a dress uniform modeled on that of the Hungarian hussars.
Jeffrey Amherst
(1717–97)British general. He commanded the combined operation which captured Louisburg in 1758. On his appointment as commander‐in‐chief in America, he applied widespread pressure on the French. His ...
