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Archibald Douglas
(c. 1372–1424).Son and heir of Archibald ‘the Grim’, 3rd earl of Douglas [S], and later nicknamed ‘the Tyneman’ (the Loser), perhaps because of his presence in so many battles on the losing side. ...

earl of Mar, John Stewart
[S] (c. 1459–80).Fourth son of James II, created earl of Mar 1459. Although a royal brother, Mar took almost no part in the affairs of state, and little is ...

James I
(1394–1437),king of Scots (1406–37). James was the third son of Robert III (1390–1406), and was born in July 1394. By the age of 7, he was the sole surviving male and heir to the throne. In 1405–6 ...

James III
(1452–88),king of Scots (1460–88). The eldest of the three sons of James II and Mary of Gueldres, James was born at St Andrews in May 1452. His father's death at the siege of Roxburgh (August 1460) ...

James V
(1512–42),king of Scots (1513–42). Born on 10 April 1512, James inherited the throne when barely 18 months old on the death of his father James IV at Flodden. The protracted regency which ensued ...

Mary of Gueldres
(d. 1463),queen of James II of Scotland. Daughter of Duke Arnold of Gueldres, Mary became James's queen in July 1449, and bore him at least seven children. After a decade of producing children, Mary ...

Robert II
(1316–90),steward of Scotland (1326–71), earl of Strathearn (1357–69 and 1370–1), the first Stewart king of Scots (1371–90). The birth of a son to Robert I in 1324 left Robert only as heir ...

Robert III
(c. 1337–1406)King of Scotland (1390–1406). He was the eldest son of Robert II and was christened John but assumed the name Robert on his succession. He had been severely injured by a horse-kick, so ...

1st earl of Morton, James Douglas
[S] (d. 1493).Made earl of Morton by James II (1458). Although married to Joanna, sister of James II, Morton took little part in affairs of state. However he was ...

treaty of Fotheringhay
1482.Anglo‐Scottish relations deteriorated in 1480. Unruly Scottish lords raided northern England. In Fotheringhay castle on 11 June 1482, the exiled brother of James III, Alexander, duke of Albany, ...

treaty of Rouen
1517.The defeat at Flodden left Scotland with an infant king, James V. The duke of Albany became regent in 1515 and on 26 August 1517 negotiated the treaty of Rouen with Francis I of France. Mutual ...
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