Alexander Campbell Fraser
(1819–1914)Alexander Campbell Fraser was born at Ardchattan in Argyll on 8 September 1819 and died in Edinburgh on 2 December 1914. His mother was the daughter of a Campbell ...
Alfred Marshall
(1842–1924)British economist, regarded as one of the founders of the neoclassical school in economics.Marshall was born in London and graduated in mathematics from St John's College, Cambridge. He ...
Andrew Martin Fairbairn
(1838–1912), Congregational theologian. He was the first principal of Mansfield College, Oxford (1886–1909). After visiting Germany, he warmly advocated theological liberalism. His eloquence, ...
Anthony John Patrick Kenny
(1931– ).British philosopher who has written on topics in the philosophy of mind, medieval philosophy, ancient philosophy, the philosophy of Wittgenstein, the philosophy of Descartes, moral ...
Arthur James Balfour
(b. Whittingehame, East Lothian, 25 July 1848; d. Woking, 19 Mar. 1930)British; leader of the House of Commons and First Lord of the Treasury 1891–2, 1895–1902, Prime Minister 1902–5, Foreign ...
atheism
The theory or belief that God does not exist. The word comes (in the late 16th century, via French) from Greek atheos, from a- ‘without’ + theos ‘god’.
Bertram Mitchell Laing
(1887–1960)B. M. (‘Bertie’) Laing was born at Newton Premnay, a farm near Aberdeen, on 24 November 1887 and died in Sheffield on 16 May 1960. He was a student ...
David Masson
(1822–1907),biographer, critic, journalist, was successively professor of English literature at University College London (1853) and Edinburgh University (1865). He is remembered for his standard ...
deism
Belief in a god who created the universe but does not govern worldly events, does not answer prayers, and has no direct involvement in human affairs. deist n. One who espouses deism. Compare ...
Edward Clodd
(1840–1930).By profession a banker, he was an excellent example of the part-time Victorian folklorist: widely read, articulate, and intelligent, making major contributions to the scholarship of the ...
Emanation
Expressions of power or wisdom from a higher being, making connection between an uninvolved or uncontaminated source, and imperfect (because contingent) appearance. Emanations are characteristically ...
Eric Strickland Waterhouse
(1879–1964)Eric Waterhouse was born in Peatling Magna, Leicestershire and died in Epsom on 10 April 1964. He entered the Methodist ministry in 1901, being trained at Richmond College to ...
fideism
A view that is pessimistic about the role of reason in achieving knowledge of things divine, and that emphasizes instead the merit of acts of faith.
Frederic Harrison
(1831–1923),professor of jurisprudence and international law to the Inns of Court (1877–89), and from 1880 to 1905 president of the English Positivist Committee, formed to disseminate the doctrines ...
Frederick Robert Tennant
(1866–1957)Frederick Robert Tennant was born in Burslem, Staffordshire on 1 September 1866 and died in Cambridge on 9 September 1957. He was educated at Caius College, Cambridge in the ...
gnosis
(Greek, knowledge)The root is found in agnosticism, gnosticism, diagnosis, pro-gnosis and gnoseology, an obsolete term for epistemology. In theological writings gnosis is the higher knowledge of ...
God
Buddhism is atheistic and does not believe in the existence of a Supreme Being or Creator God. However, it acknowledges the existence of a wide range of supernatural beings known as devas.many of ...
Herbert Spencer
(1820–1903)British philosopher and sociologist. He was an early adherent of evolutionary theory, which he set down in his Principles of Psychology (1855). Spencer embraced Darwin's theory of natural ...
idealism, British
Movement in nineteenth- and twentieth-century British philosophy according to which ultimate reality is mental or spiritual, or at least not physical. Bradley, Green, and Bosanquet think matter is ...
James Ward
(1843–1925)English philosopher of mind, who established first psychology laboratory in Cambridge. An opponent of mechanical associationist psychology, Ward instead highlighted the active powers of ...
