has always been a form of communication designed to influence consumers' behaviour. Its form, organisation, methods and content have all

The commercialization of British society was manifested in and sustained by an expanding advertising industry which assumed its modern shape

The development of mass production in the early twentieth century created a problem for producers who found that local and

When President Calvin Coolidge addressed a national advertising conference in 1926, he was pleased to report on the happy

The earliest examples of advertising in Italy date back to Roman times: inscriptions on the walls of premises in Pompei

Mediated communication intended for mass persuasion. Culturally, advertising manipulates selected words, images, and symbols to create a favourable impression for

The language of ‘la publicité’ with its reflection and creation of the tastes of the times, its verbal economy, its

Shipping is an international enterprise, and advertising has long played a crucial part in its commercial success. The promotion of

[This entry includes two subentries, an overview of advertising worldwide and a discussion of advertising in the United States.

Since the 1960s, advertising has been one of the main areas of research in applied semiotics. The semiotics of advertising

is integral to a modern free market economy. It provides information (and misinformation) about goods and services, and seeks to

An old business adage declared that “It pays to advertise.” It also costs to advertise. Advertisers must invest something, whether