
Angelica Kauffmann
(b Chur, 30 Oct. 1741; d Rome, 5 Nov. 1807).Swiss painter, active mainly in Italy and England. From an early age she travelled with her father, the painter Joseph ...

Anthony Salvin
(1799–1881).English architect. He was a pupil of John Paterson (fl. 1777–1832), of Edinburgh, with whom he worked on the restoration of Brancepeth Castle, Durham (1817–21). In the 1820s he designed ...

apse
A large semicircular or polygonal recess in a church, arched or with a domed roof and typically at the church's eastern end. Recorded from the early 19th century, the word comes from Latin apsis ...

architecture
The term given to an organization's information technology platform, structure and process but increasingly used as a way of explaining complex marketing concepts and functions, for example ‘brand ...

Audley End
(Essex)lies on the river Cam, near Saffron Walden. It was originally Walden abbey and passed at the dissolution of the monasteries to Lord Audley. It then descended to Lord ...

Bonomi Family
Joseph (1739–1808). Italian-born architect. Educated in Rome, he studied for a period with Antonio Asprucci and Clérisseau. In 1767 he came to England to work for the Adam Brothers, afterwards ...

Bowood
Calne, Wiltshire, England, has one of the most beguiling of Capability Brown's landscapes. The estate at Bowood is very ancient; part of it was a royal deer park in the ...

Brettingham Family
Matthew (1699–1769) developed a large East Anglian practice as an architect, builder, and surveyor, and from 1734 supervised the building of Kent's Palladian mansion of Holkham Hall, published as The ...

Castle style
Type of C18 architecture employing battlements, loop-holes (often false), and turrets to create the impression of a fortified dwelling, even though the plan might be regular and Classical as in some ...

Charles Bulfinch
(1763–1844).Boston-born, he was one of the USA's first native-born professional architects. His work tended to combine Colonial Georgian and Adam styles in a frugal Neo-Classicism, prompted by his ...

Charles Cameron
(mid 1740s–1812) British architect, active in Russia.He went to Italy in 1768, where he compiled the sketches which formed the basis of his book, The Baths of the Romans (1772).[...]

Charles-Louis Clérisseau
(1721–1820).Paris-born draughtsman, scholar, and architect who studied under Boffrand, his importance was as a teacher and artist-archaeologist who had a profound effect on the evolution of ...

classicism
1. The classical aesthetic ideals of simplicity, form, order, harmony, balance, clarity, decorum, restraint, serenity, unity, and proportion—together with an emphasis on reason. The term is not ...

Daniel Robertson
(fl. 1812–43).Scots architect, probably related to the Adam family, and seemingly a contributing factor creating the financial difficulties that beset William Adam in the 1820s. Robertson and his ...

design
Dance is a visual artform and the design of the stage and of the dancers' costumes naturally plays a major role in establishing the style and tone of any work. Narrative works may depend heavily on ...

Etruscan style
In C18, widespread archaeological activity associated with Neo-Classicism (e.g. at Herculaneum and Pompeii) led to many collections being made of black and red vases then thought to be Etruscan (but ...

farm buildings
GreekThere are no distinct agricultural buildings in Archaic and Classical Greece: those who exploited the land lived in and worked from houses indistinguishable from those inhabited by others who ...

Federal style
An American architectural and decorative style which was Neoclassical in manner and derived mainly from French architecture and the Adam style. It played a dominant role from the Declaration of ...

fishing house
The fishing house, usually combined with a boathouse, is found in many English 18th-century gardens frequently occupying a position of prominence in the landscape. Robert Adam designed a beautiful ...

gate lodges
Buildings to house a gate-keeper at the entrance to a country house. Although found elsewhere in Europe, the lodge is essentially a British building type, both in quantity and quality.[...]