American Notes for General Circulation
insanity
American West, photography and the Reference library
Julia Galandi-Pascual
The Oxford Companion to the Photograph
...Sandweiss, M. A. , Print the Legend: Photography and the American West (2002). Brunet, F. & Griffith, B. (eds.) Images of the West. Survey Photography in French Collections, 1860-1880 (2007). Respini, E. Into the Sunset. Photography's Image of the American West (2009). American West, 1867–1879 When armchair travellers of the late 19th century imagined the American West, their vision was profoundly influenced by the work of nineteen photographers, painters, and draughtsmen who travelled on four US Geological and Geographical Surveys of the Western...
Periodicals Reference library
The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art
...addressing the issues of their professional status; in 1860 it included the minutes of the American Institute of Architects. Its double orientation presaged the course of events following the Civil War, when purely architectural periodicals did not enjoy the long runs and high circulation of those for the building industry, which prospered because of postwar reconstruction. They included the American Builder and Journal of Art , later ( 1873 ) American Builder: A Journal of Industrial Art , merging ( 1880 ) with Illustrated Woodworker (New York, ...
Cole, Thomas (1 Feb 1801) Reference library
The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art
...series, The Voyage of Life ( 1839–40 ; Utica, NY, Munson–Williams–Proctor Inst.; second version, 1841–2 ; Washington, DC, N.G.A.). A four-part allegory painted in the period of Cole's conversion to the Episcopal Church, The Voyage of Life was a highly accessible series whose Christian theme of resignation appealed to popular sentiments. Engraved by the American Art-Union, it enjoyed a wide national circulation. Cole's tale of youthful imperial visions followed by the sobering setbacks of maturity placed him once again at a philosophical remove from...
Native North American art Reference library
The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art
...a museum of Native American objects for display at the Chicago World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 . The exhibit of native North America was divided into twelve cultural areas, which subsequently influenced the emergence of cultural boundaries of indigenous artifacts within museum exhibitions and collections. The practice soon spread to the National Museum of American Art (now the Smithsonian American Art Museum), Washington, DC, and the American Museum of Natural History, New York, and became standard for general works on Native America as well as museum...
Dürer Reference library
The Grove Encyclopedia of Northern Renaissance Art
...1470–1532 ) after designs by Dürer. Drawings for neck and back plates, visors and scabbards (Vienna, Albertina; New York, Morgan Lib. & Mus.; Berlin, Kupferstichkab.; London, BM; w 678–82, 712; s 1517/3–9), dated 1517 in another hand, depict emblems such as cranes, the symbol of vigilance, and pomegranates, the Emperor's personal emblem, which also appear in the Hours of Emperor Maximilian I. During this period Dürer also produced four friezes of religious subjects (perhaps designs for ornamental metalwork for his brother, Endres Dürer, including a frieze...
Textile Reference library
The Grove Encyclopedia of Materials and Techniques in Art
...carpet for example, it can be transferred to an open mesh frame to allow free circulation of air. Not all textiles are suitable for washing. If the dyes are fugitive in water, if the finish or surface decoration would be disturbed, or if the type of soiling will not respond to water, organic solvents are sometimes used. The best results can be obtained only in a proper dry-cleaning machine, but most objects are not strong enough to withstand the violent mechanical action of commercial machines. An added complication is the steady withdrawal from general use of...
Blair, Hugh (1718–1800) Reference library
Joseph Keim Campbell
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)
...Brinton, Alan . “Hugh Blair and the True Eloquence.” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 22 (1992): 30–42. Broaddus, Dottie . “Authoring Elitism: Francis Hutcheson and Hugh Blair in Scotland and America.” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 24 (1994): 39–52. Burton, John Hill . Life and Correspondence of David Hume . 2 vols. Edinburgh: Tait, 1846. Carr, Stephen L. “The Circulation of Blair’s Lectures .” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 32 (2002): 75–104. Chapman, R. W. “Blair on Ossian.” Review of English Studies 7 (1931): 80–83. Cohen, Herman . “Hugh Blair’s Theory...
Latin American Aesthetics Reference library
María Herrera, Elizabeth Millán, Hugo Moreno, Andrea Giunta, Tamara Stuby, and Rachel Weiss
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)
... Gaos outlines the main characteristics of modern Hispanic aesthetic thought. Gaos notes that Hispanic thinkers tend to write texts for the general public rather than for a purely academic audience. As a result of the broader intended readership, much of Hispanic thought is found in the form of essays, newspaper and magazine articles, memoirs, novels, poems, and plays. Hispanic aesthetic thought, therefore, tends to be literary rather than technical in nature and Latin American aesthetic discourse tends to be metaphoric and narrative rather than strictly...
Notation Reference library
Leo Treitler and Ann Hutchinson Guest
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)
...analysis, one reckons all the intervals that can be made between any two pitches in the group and counts the number of intervals of each size that the group thus contains. The size is given in terms of the distance in half steps between the two notes of each interval—for example, a major third counts as four, a fourth counts as five, a tritone counts as six. It is in the number of intervals of each size contained in the two motifs—that is, their intervallic contents—that they are identical. This certainly does limit the musical material of the two passages in...
Stein, Gertrude (1874–1946) Reference library
Marjorie Perloff
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)
...origins, she had as little taste for German culture as for the Jewish religion, always insisting that she belonged to the Anglo-American tradition, as it came down to her from William Shakespeare to George Eliot and Henry James. One of the great literary innovators of the century, she was politically a conservative; indeed at the outset of World War II, she was an admirer of Marshall Pétain. A writer who was lesbian, she expressed no interest in or enthusiasm for the work of other lesbian writers—or of women writers in general, unless, as in the case of Edith...
Conceptualism Reference library
Luke Skrebowski, Luis Camnitzer, and Octavian Esanu
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)
...applied. Artists in Latin America were educated for a nonexisting local market. This promoted a “brain drain” toward the cultural centers encouraged by local and foreign grants. But for those who chose to stay, the lack of a market had the paradoxical virtue to free them to deal with surrounding reality. Artists who stayed in their places of origin mostly created in the spare time allowed by their struggle for subsistence. The concept of market branding as a determinant for their production therefore became secondary to a need for communication. Brand...
Gift Reference library
Dirk Quadflieg
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)
...gift giving forms “one of the bases of social life” ( Mauss, 1966 , p. 2) in general. In his view, this principle of reciprocity, though hidden, still underlies Western capitalist societies and could therefore be revived to answer some of the pressing questions concerning the anomies of modern individualism. To clarify the binding character of the gift, Mauss refers to the potlatch, an agonistic form of gift exchange practiced by Indian tribes on the northwestern coast of America. For this ritual, clans accumulate great wealth in order to pass it on to rival...
Arnold, Matthew (1822–1888) Reference library
Joseph Carroll
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)
...the whole British population, and at other times he spurns the common public and seeks salvation only among and for the cultivated few. In his later works, Arnold identifies four “powers” or faculties of civilization: conduct, intellect, social life, and beauty. The first two powers are those of Hebraism and Hellenism. The power of social life makes itself felt in his acknowledgment that great eras of artistic creation depend on a general circulation of cultural energy within a larger social order. As his definition of human perfection suggests, the idea of...
Chinese Aesthetics Reference library
Haun Saussy, Susan H. Bush, and Ban Wang
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)
...the five musical notes, and so forth. The system in all its refinements appears in calendrical and divinatory manuals (among them the later strata of the Yi jing or Book of Changes and the Canon of Supreme Mystery ( Tai xuan jing ) of Yang Xiong (53 bce–18 ce ). Here one may recognize a reappearance of the differentiated sets of elements first put into circulation by theorists of music and ritual. Students of comparative philosophy are bound to take an interest in these models, because their lingering influence has often been blamed for the neglect of...
Conceptual Art Reference library
Jacob Stewart-Halevy, Michael Baldwin, Charles Harrison, Mel Ramsden, Mary Kelly, and Yair Guttmann
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)
...had begun to use mass culture’s publicity apparatus as a readymade form for the distribution and circulation for his art, often as a means of unearthing the vulgarity repressed within late modernism. His 1967 Homes for America , published as a kind of ironic work of photojournalism in Arts Magazine , drew unforeseen affinities between the serial repetition of modular minimalist forms and prefabricated middle-class suburban housing units. His 1969 Detumescence advertisement called for a clinical description of the phallus in retreat, poking fun at the way...
Derrida, Jacques Reference library
Stephen Melville, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Peggy Kamuf, and D. N. Rodowick
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)
...Paul de Man, Derrida’s most prominent American interpreter—to a view of “literary language” as enacting a temporal play of mystification and demystification (thus the privilege of Romanticism over its presumably demystified modernist sequel) that was a key at once to the dynamics of literary history and to the general rhetorical undoing of the subject by the prior fact of language. De Man’s work culminates in a collection of posthumously published essays titled, by the book’s editor with some support from de Man’s notes, Aesthetic Ideology . That de Man’s...
Architecture Reference library
The Grove Encyclopedia of Classical Art and Architecture
...was used for entertaining city guests and traditionally contained the city’s sacred hearth. The prytaneion, however, did not develop into an architecturally distinct type but instead resembled a private house with a dining-room. The bouleuterion, on the other hand, ultimately evolved into a theatre-type auditorium inside a characteristically square or rectangular building, often utilizing the natural slope of a hill. Its roof was usually carried by four internal supports, and its size varied according to the needs of each polis . This general type was...
Diaspora Criticism Reference library
Sudesh Mishra
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)
...for instance, points out that the Indian diaspora cannot be regarded as a unified entity if we take note of the two major phases of emigration which have occurred over distinct historical and economic periods, involving different classes, castes, linguistic communes, regions, religions, and levels of skill and education. Is it possible, he asks, to compare the life-worlds of indentured peasants sent to various hinterland colonies in the nineteenth century with that of post-1960s petit bourgeois migrants to the overdeveloped nodes of the West? He notes that...
Aristotle Reference library
Elizabeth Belfiore, Ronna Burger, Stephen Halliwell, Richard Janko, and Leon Golden
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)
...sources, that a second book, including a discussion of comedy, originally followed. (For an attempt at reconstruction, and evaluation of the evidence for a second book, see Janko, 1984 .) The text of the Poetics also contains numerous lacunae and other textual difficulties, many real or apparent inconsistencies, and frequent obscurities. Whether or not it is a series of lecture notes, as many scholars believe, it is certainly not a polished work written for the general public. The elliptical style leaves many terms and concepts in need of explanation....
