Dictionary of Science 7e companion website
Web links
Here is a list of recommended web links, arranged alphabetically by the relevant dictionary entries:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Y Z
Follow this link for archived weblinks from Dictionary of Science 6e
absolute configuration
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_630.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature for the R–S system
accelerator
http://www-elsa.physik.uni-bonn.de/accelerator_list.html
A list of world particle accelerators and accelerator laboratories, with links, from the ELSA website at the University of Bonn
acetals
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_460.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
acid anhydrides
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_534.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
acoustics
http://acousticalsociety.org/
The website of the Acoustical Society of America
http://www.ioa.org.uk/
The website of the UK Institute of Acoustics
actinium
https://www.webelements.com/actinium/
Information from the WebElements site
activation analysis
http://nmi3.eu/neutron-research/techniques-for-/chemical-analysis.html
An overview of neutron activation analysis from the NM13 information portal
acyl halides
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_529.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
Ada
http://www.adaic.org/standards/ada05.html
The Ada 2005 Language Reference Manual
alcohols
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_202.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
aldehydes
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_449.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
alkanes
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_34.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_36.htm
Further details about nomenclature
alkenes
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_53.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
alkynes
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_53.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
aluminium
https://www.webelements.com/aluminium/
Information from the WebElements site
americium
https://www.webelements.com/americium/
Information from the WebElements site
amides
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_543.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
amines
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_398.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature of primary amines
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_402.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature of secondary and tertiary amines
amino acid
http://biomodel.uah.es/en/model3/index.htm
Interactively depicts molecular structures of all the amino acids using Jmol
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/AminoAcid/
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
Amphibia
http://amphibiaweb.org/index.html
Hosted by the University of California, Berkeley, gives free access to information about amphibian biology and conservation
ANSI
http://www.ansi.org/
The ANSI home page
Anthophyta
http://www.tolweb.org/Angiosperms/20646
A good overview of flowering plant diversity and systematics
antimony
https://www.webelements.com/antimony/
Information from the WebElements site
apoptosis
http://biology-animations.blogspot.co.uk/search/label/apoptosis
Animations of apoptosic cells
Arachnida
http://www.arachnology.be/Arachnology.html
Descriptions and pictures for all orders of arachnids, plus societies, special spider pages, and even arachnids in literature
argon
https://www.webelements.com/argon/
Information from the WebElements site
aromatic compound
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_61.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
arsenic
https://www.webelements.com/arsenic/
Information from the WebElements site
Aspect experiment
http://www.drchinese.com/David/Aspect.pdf
The original 1982 paper in Physical Review Letters
astatine
https://www.webelements.com/astatine/
Information from the WebElements site
astrochemistry
http://www.strw.leidenuniv.nl/iau34/
The website of the astrochemistry work group of the International Astronomical Union
atomic force microscopy
http://www.nanoscience.com/products/afm/technology-overview/how-afm-works/
An account of the technique from Nanoscience Instruments Inc
Aves
http://www.birdlife.org/worldwide/partnership/about-birdlife
Global partnership of organizations involved in bird conservation
azine
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_469.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
azo compounds
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_377.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
bacteria
http://www.textbookofbacteriology.net/
Online textbook of bacteriology devised by Kenneth Todar, University of Wisconsin-Madison
barium
https://www.webelements.com/barium/
Information from the WebElements site
Bell's theorem
http://www.drchinese.com/David/Bell.pdf
The original 1964 paper in Physics
berkelium
http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Bk/key.htm
Information from the WebElements site
beryllium
https://www.webelements.com/berkelium/
Information from the WebElements site
biology
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/
This University of Arizona website contains useful links to various fields of biology, including biochemistry, cell biology, and human biology
biophysics
http://www.biophysics.org/
The website of the Biophysical Society
bismuth
https://www.webelements.com/bismuth/
Information from the WebElements site
black hole
http://hubblesite.org/explore_astronomy/black_holes/home.html
A NASA website with information about black holes
blog
http://www.nature.com/news/2006/060703/multimedia/50_science_blogs.html
Nature’s list of the fifty best blogs by working scientists
bohrium
https://www.webelements.com/bohrium/
Information from the WebElements site
boron
https://www.webelements.com/boron/
Information from the WebElements site
bottled gas
https://www.boconline.co.uk/en/sheq/gas-safety/identifying-gas-cylinders/industrial-gas-cylinder-colours/industrial-cylinder-colours.html
Information on colour coding of gas containers
Boyle, Robert
http://www.bbk.ac.uk/boyle/
The Robert Boyle project at Birkbeck College, London
brain
http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/index.php
Multilevel exploration of brain structure and function, sponsored by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research
bromine
https://www.webelements.com/bromine/
Information from the WebElements site
Brownian motion
http://www.matter.org.uk/schools/content/BrownianMotion/Default.htm
A description of the concept, using a series of simulations, from the University of Liverpool’s Matter Initiative for Schools.
http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/perrin.html
Jean Perrin's paper
Bryophyta
http://bryophytes.plant.siu.edu/
A resource devoted to mosses, liverworts, and hornworts from Southern Illinois University, Carbondale
buckminsterfullerene
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/fullerene/
Information about IUPAC nomenclature and representation of fullerenes and related compounds
C
http://www.open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG14/www/docs/n1256.pdf
The current C standard
cadmium
https://www.webelements.com/cadmium/
Information from the WebElements site
caesium
https://www.webelements.com/caesium/
Information from the WebElements site
calcium
https://www.webelements.com/calcium/
Information from the WebElements site
calcium fluoride
http://www.chemtube3d.com/solidstate/_fluorite(final).htm
An interactive version of the fluorite structure
californium
https://www.webelements.com/californium/
Information from the WebElements site
cancer
http://www.cancerquest.org/
Extensive multimedia coverage of cancer biology and different types of cancer, produced by Emory University
carbohydrate
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/2carb/
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
carbon
https://www.webelements.com/carbon/
Information from the WebElements site
carboxylic acids
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_480.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
CAS registry
http://www.cas.org/content/chemical-substances/faqs
Further information from the CAS site
http://www.cambridgesoft.com/databases/login/?serviceid=128
A free service for finding CAS numbers from CambridgeSoft
cell
http://www.cellsalive.com/toc_cellbio.htm
Overview of cell biology, with animations and illustrations, from Cells Alive!
cell division
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/how-cells-divide.html
Animation comparing mitosis with meiosis
cerium
https://www.webelements.com/cerium/
Information from the WebElements site
CERN
http://home.cern/
The CERN public website
certificate
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280
The Internet X509 specification
ChemDraw
http://www.cambridgesoft.com/software/overview.aspx
The CambridgeSoft website, giving details about ChemDraw and associated software
ChemSketch
http://www.acdlabs.com/products/draw_nom/draw/chemsketch/
Details and download from Advanced Chemistry Development website
chlorine
https://www.webelements.com/chlorine/
Information from the WebElements site
chromium
https://www.webelements.com/chromium/
Information from the WebElements site
climate change
http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-guide
Overview of climate science and the mechanisms of climate change, from the UK Met Office
http://www.ipcc.ch/index.htm#.Up7-hOIqcjo
Home page of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
close packing
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/CubicClosePacking.html
An interactive version of cubic close packing
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/HexagonalClosePacking.html
An interactive version of hexagonal close packing
Cnidaria
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cnidaria.html
Part of the comprehensive website of the University of California Museum of Paleontology, providing a useful summary of cnidarian biology and systematics
cobalt
https://www.webelements.com/cobalt/
Information from the WebElements site
COBE
http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/cobe/
The NASA website for the COBE project
Compton effect
https://www.aip.org/history/exhibits/gap/Compton/01_Compton.html
Compton's original 1923 paper in The Physical Review
conductivity
http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_3/2_3_7.html
Values of thermal conductivity for a range of materials at the NPL
constellation
http://www.iau.org/public/themes/constellations/
Information about constellations, including clear star charts, from the International Astronomical Union
http://www.ianridpath.com/boundaries.htm
A discussion of how the present constellation boundaries were established by the IAU in 1930
continental drift
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/anim1.html
Animation of continental drift during the earth's history
coordination compound
http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~edudev/LabTutorials/naming_coord_comp.html
Rules for naming coordination compounds
copper
https://www.webelements.com/copper/
Information from the WebElements site
cosmology
http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~lgg/
The home page of the Caltech Observational Cosmology Group
http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/research/gr/public/cos_home.html
A cosmology website run by the University of Cambridge
Crustacea
http://tolweb.org/Crustacea/2529
Overview of crustacean phylogeny at the Tree of Life web project
crystal lattice
http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/crystallography3/lattice.php
Animated teaching aids from the University of Cambridge cubic crystal
http://www.chemtube3d.com/solidstate/_simplecubic(final).htm
An interactive version of a simple cubic crystal
http://www.chemtube3d.com/solidstate/_bcc(final).htm
An interactive version of a body-centred cubic crystal
http://www.chemtube3d.com/solidstate/_ccp(final).htm
An interactive version of a face-centred cubic crystal
Curie, Marie
https://www.aip.org/history/exhibits/curie/
A comprehensive website about her life and work run by The American Institute of Physics Center for History of Physics
curium
https://www.webelements.com/curium/
Information from the WebElements site
cycloalkanes
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_60.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
cyclophane
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/phane/
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
cyclotron
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-6Nx-jNGp5s
Video about the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory
dark matter
http://cdms.berkeley.edu/
The home page of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Experiment
darmstadtium
https://www.webelements.com/darmstadtium/
Information from the WebElements site
Darwin, Charles
http://darwin-online.org.uk/
The complete works of Charles Darwin online
decay
http://www.nist.gov/pml/data/halflife.cfm
Values of radionuclide half-lives at the NIST website
density
http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_2/2_2_1.html
Values of densities of commonly used materials at the NPL website
depression of freezing point
http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/raoult.html
Raoult's original paper
diazo compounds
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_377.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
dinosaur
http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dino-directory/index.html
A Dino Directory produced by the Natural History Museum, London; contains a wealth of information and images
DNA
http://www.dnaftb.org/
An animated primer on basic aspects of DNA, genes, and heredity; produced for the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
DNA barcode
http://www.ibol.org/
Website of the International Barcode of Life project
Döbereiner's triads
http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/dobereiner.html
Döbereiner's original paper
Document Object Model
https://www.w3.org/DOM/
The WSC's DOM page
domain name system
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1034
Introduction to the Internet domain name system
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035
Domain names – implementation and specification
dubnium
https://www.webelements.com/dubnium/
Information from the WebElements site
Dulong and Petit's law
http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/petit.html
A translation of the original 1819 paper in Annals of Philosophy
DVD
http://www.dvdforum.org
The DVD Forum home page
dwarf planet
http://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau0603/
International Astronomical Union 2006 General Assembly: Result of the IAU resolution votes. This press release carries the official definition of a planet and dwarf planet
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/dwarf
NASA's explanation of the IAU's definitions of ‘planet' and ‘dwarf planet'
dysprosium
https://www.webelements.com/dysprosium/
Information from the WebElements site
earth
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/
NASA's earth observatory
Echinodermata
http://tolweb.org/Echinodermata
Overview of echinoderm characteristics and phylogeny from the Tree of Life Project
eclipse
http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse.html
NASA's eclipse website, a fully comprehensive site maintained by Fred Espenak at the Goddard Space Flight Center, near Washington DC
ecosystem
http://www.millenniumassessment.org/en/index.aspx
The latest Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Reports commissioned by the United Nations
Einstein, Albert
https://www.aip.org/history/exhibits/einstein/
A comprehensive website about Einstein’s life and work run by The American Institute of Physics Center for History of Physics
einsteinium
https://www.webelements.com/einsteinium/
Information from the WebElements site
electrolysis
http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c123/eltlysis.html
An introductory guide to electrolysis from the University of Waterloo, Ontario
electron microscope
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/electronmicroscopy/magnify1/index.html
A tutorial featuring virtual scanning electron microscopy, created by the Optical Microscopy Division of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
embryology
https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Main_Page
Hosted by the University of New South Wales, this dynamic site explores human embryology and development
ENCODE
https://www.encodeproject.org/
Encyclopedia of DNA Elements
endangered species
http://www.iucn.org/
Official website of the IUCN
entropy
http://web.lemoyne.edu/~GIUNTA/clausius.html
Translations of papers by Clausius on entropy (1850) and the second law (1865), published in Annalen der Physik und Chemie
enzyme
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
erbium
https://www.webelements.com/erbium/
Information from the WebElements site
esters
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_511.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
ethers
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_227.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
europium
https://www.webelements.com/europium/
Information from the WebElements site
evolution
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php
Understanding Evolution, created by the University of California Museum of Paleontology, covers the evidence for and mechanisms of evolution
expansivity
http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_3/2_3_5.html
Values of the expansivity of selected liquids and solids at the NPL website
eye
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/anatomy_of_the_eye/article_em.htm
Anatomy and physiology of the eye
fermium
https://www.webelements.com/fermium/
Information from the WebElements site
fibre optics
http://www.arcelect.com/fibercable.htm
A comprehensive tutorial from Arc Electronics
fluorine
https://www.webelements.com/fluorine/
Information from the WebElements site
francium
https://www.webelements.com/francium/
Information from the WebElements site
fundamental constants
http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/
Values of fundamental physical constants from NIST
fungi
http://www.tolweb.org/Fungi/2377
Tree of Life survey of fungi, including phylogeny plus many links to other sites
gadolinium
https://www.webelements.com/gadolinium/
Information from the WebElements site
gallium
https://www.webelements.com/gallium/
Information from the WebElements site
genetics
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/
Essential genetic topics described using entertaining animations, produced by the Genetic Science Learning Center of Utah State University
geodetic effect
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/gpb/index.html
The home page of NASA's Gravity Probe B experiment to investigate the geodetic effect
geomagnetism
http://geomag.usgs.gov/
The website of the USGS National Geomagnetism Program
http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_7/2_7_6.html
Geomagnetic data at the NPL website
germanium
https://www.webelements.com/germanium/
Information from the WebElements site
global positioning system
http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/service_units/techops/navservices/gnss/faq/gps/
FAQ covering the global positioning system provided by the US Federal Aviation Administration
gold
https://www.webelements.com/gold/
Information from the WebElements site
gravitational waves
https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/
The home page of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)
gravity
http://www.nasa.gov/centers/jpl/missions/grace.html
The home page of the NASA/JPL Gravity Recovery and Climate experiment to make precise measurements of the earth's gravitational field
hafnium
https://www.webelements.com/hafnium
Information from the WebElements site
hassium
https://www.webelements.com/hassium
Information from the WebElements site
heat capacity
http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_3/2_3_6.html
Values of specific heat capacity for a range of gases, liquids, and solids
helium
https://www.webelements.com/helium/
Information from the WebElements site
Hexapoda
http://tolweb.org/Hexapoda/2528
Overview of insect characteristics and phylogeny, with links to insect orders, at the Tree of Life web project
holmium
https://www.webelements.com/holmium/
Information from the WebElements site
hominid
http://www.becominghuman.org/
Interactive documentary narrated by palaeontologist Donald Johanson and presented by the Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University
hominin
http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-family-tree
Interactive family tree of hominin evolution from the Smithsonian Institution
HTML
https://www.w3.org/TR/html5/
The HTML (version 5) specification
HTTP
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616
The HTTP (version 1.1) specification
hydrazones
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_469.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
hydrogen
https://www.webelements.com/hydrogen/
Information from the WebElements site
hydrogen spectrum
http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/balmer.html
A translation of Balmer's 1885 paper on the spectral lines of hydrogen in Annalen der Physik und Chemie
hydroxylamine
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_409.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
imides
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_543.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
imines
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_406.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
indium
https://www.webelements.com/indium/
Information from the WebElements site
iodine
https://www.webelements.com/iodine/
Information from the WebElements site
ionization chamber
http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/ASD/ie.pl?spectra=H-DS+i&units=1&at_num_out=on&el_name_out=on&shells_out=on&level_out=on&e_out=0&unc_out=on&biblio=on
Values for ionization energies of neutral atoms at the NIST website
iridium
https://www.webelements.com/iridium/
Information from the WebElements site
iron
https://www.webelements.com/iron/
Information from the WebElements site
isonitrile
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_557.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
isotope
http://www.nist.gov/pml/data/comp.cfm
Isotopic compositions at the NIST website
IUPAC
http://iupac.org/
The IUPAC home page
IUPAP
http://iupap.org/
The IUPAP home page
JavaScript
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript
Mozilla's documentation for JavaScript
JMol
http://jmol.sourceforge.net/
Details and a download for JMol from SourceForge
Jupiter
http://www.astronomycast.com/2007/10/episode-56-jupiter/
Transcript of 2007 podcast discussion between Fraser Cain and Dr Pamela Gay, astronomer, writer, podcaster, and teacher
ketals
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_460.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
ketene
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_292.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
ketones
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_453.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
krypton
https://www.webelements.com/krypton/
Information from the WebElements site
Kuiper belt
http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/~jewitt/kb.html
The Kuiper Belt home page, maintained by David Jewett, one of the co-discoverers of the first known Kuiper belt object in 1992
lactams
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_521.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature of lactams and lactims
lactones
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_521.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
lanthanum
https://www.webelements.com/lanthanum/
Information from the WebElements site
Large Hadron Collider
http://home.cern/topics/large-hadron-collider
The Large Hadron Collider home page at CERN
law of octaves
http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/newlands.html
John Newlands' paper
lawrencium
https://www.webelements.com/lawrencium/
Information from the WebElements site
lead
https://www.webelements.com/lead/
Information from the WebElements site
Le Chatelier's principle
http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/lechat.html
Le Chatelier's original paper
Lense–Thirring effect
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/gpb/index.html
The home page of NASA's Gravity Probe B experiment to investigate frame dragging
lipid
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/lipid/
Information about IUPAC nomenclature of lipids
Lissajous figures
https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/watch-play/interactive/lissajous-figures-on-an-oscilloscope
An interactive simulation of an oscilloscope producing Lissajous figures from the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
lithium
https://www.webelements.com/lithium/
Information from the WebElements site
liver
http://www.britishlivertrust.org.uk/liver-information/
Summary of liver anatomy, functions, and diseases, compiled by the British Liver Trust
lutetium
https://www.webelements.com/lutetium/
Information from the WebElements site
magnesium
https://www.webelements.com/magnesium/
Information from the WebElements site
magnetism
http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_6/2_6_6.html
Values for the magnetic properties of materials at the NPL website
manganese
https://www.webelements.com/manganese/
Information from the WebElements site
Mars
http://www.skymania.com/wp/welcome-to-planet-mars/
A comprehensive guide to Mars and how to observe it
http://www.google.com/mars/
Google Mars – interactive images of the planet
meitnerium
https://www.webelements.com/meitnerium/
Information from the WebElements site
mendelevium
https://www.webelements.com/mendelevium/
Information from the WebElements site
mercury
https://www.webelements.com/mercury/
Information from the WebElements site
Michaelis–Menten curve
http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/menten.html
Original paper on Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Michelson–Morley experiment
https://www.aip.org/history/exhibits/gap/Michelson/Michelson.html
The original 1887 paper in The American Journal of Science
microbiology
http://www.microbiologysociety.org/
Home page of the Microbiology Society
microbiome
https://commonfund.nih.gov/hmp/index
NIH Human Microbiome Project
Millikan, Robert Andrews
https://www.aip.org/history/exhibits/gap/Millikan/Millikan.html
One of Millikan's original papers (1911) in The Physical Review
molecular biology
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/molecular-biology/#1.2
Web page from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy summarizing the history, concepts, and experimental approaches of molecular biology
Mollusca
http://malacsoc.org.uk/
Website of the Malacological Society of London, dedicated to the advancement of knowledge and research on molluscs
molybdenum
https://www.webelements.com/molybdenum/
Information from the WebElements site
moon
http://www.moon.com.co/atlas/index.shtml
Lunar Navigator Full Moon Atlas
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/
Exploring the moon: a site devoted to the US Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo missions
Moseley's law
http://www.chemistry.co.nz/henry_moseley_article.htm
Original paper on Moseley’s law
muscle
http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/muscle/mustut.htm
Interactive tutorial identifying the principal muscles of the human body
mutation
http://www.dnaftb.org/27/
First of two topics on mutation from the online resource ‘DNA from the Beginning’
Nematoda
https://nematologists.org/
Website of the Society of Nematologists
neodymium
https://www.webelements.com/neodymium/
Information from the WebElements site
neon
https://www.webelements.com/neon/
Information from the WebElements site
Neptune
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/neptune
NASA's introduction to the planet and its moons
neptunium
https://www.webelements.com/neptunium/
Information from the WebElements site
nervous system
http://www.innerbody.com/image/nervov.html
Basic interactive guide to the anatomy of the human nervous system, from Human Anatomy Online
neutrino
http://neutrino.phys.washington.edu/~superk/
The US website for the Super-Kamiokande neutrino observatory
neutron
http://www.nature.com/physics/looking-back/chadwick/index.html
Chadwick's 1932 letter to Nature on the discovery of the neutron
New General Catalogue
http://spider.seds.org/ngc/ngc.html
The interactive NGC Catalog online, hosted by the Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS)
nickel
https://www.webelements.com/nickel/
Information from the WebElements site
nickel arsenide structure
http://www.chemtube3d.com/solidstate/_NiAs(final).htm
An interactive version of the structure
niobium
https://www.webelements.com/niobium/
Information from the WebElements site
nitriles
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_557.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
nitrogen
https://www.webelements.com/nitrogen/
Information from the WebElements site
nobelium
https://www.webelements.com/nobelium/
Information from the WebElements site
Nomarski microscope
http://www.olympusmicro.com/primer/techniques/dic/dicoverview.html
Overview of Nomarski microscopy with interactive tutorials, from Olympus Microscopy Resource Center
NSOM
http://www.eng.utah.edu/~lzang/images/Lecture_16_NSOM.pdf
An account of the NSOM technique
nuclear fission
http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/articles/article/lise-meitner-the-nucleus-of-fission/
Background to Lise Meitner's co-discovery of nuclear fission
nuclear fusion
http://www.chemteam.info/Chem-History/Rutherford-1934b/Rutherford-1934b.html
Rutherford's 1934 paper in Proceedings of the Royal Society
nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
http://www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/mri/inside.htm
A comprehensive online textbook covering all aspects of magnetic resonance imaging
nuclear reactor
http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-power-reactors/nuclear-power-reactors.aspx
The website of the World Nuclear Association; an association of companies in the nuclear industry
nucleic acid
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_557.htm
Information about UIPAC nomenclature
nuclide
http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/index.jsp
An interactive chart giving detailed information on all nuclides, from the National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory
olfaction
http://www.cf.ac.uk/biosi/staffinfo/jacob/
Entertaining tutorial on the sense of smell compiled by Tim Jacob of Cardiff University
organometallic compound
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_18.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
osmium
https://www.webelements.com/osmium/
Information from the WebElements site
oximes
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_469.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
oxygen
https://www.webelements.com/oxygen/
Information from the WebElements site
ozone layer
http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/sc_fact.html
Description of the ozone layer, its depletion, and steps to protect it, produced by the US Environmental Protection Agency
palladium
https://www.webelements.com/palladium/
Information from the WebElements site
parasitism
http://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/
Comprehensive descriptions of human parasites feature in this diagnostic website of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
peptide
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/AminoAcid/
Information about IUPAC nomenclature of peptides
periodic table
https://www.webelements.com/
The WebElements table produced by Mark Winter at the University of Sheffield
http://www.meta-synthesis.com/webbook/35_pt/pt_database.php
Over 50 different forms of the periodic table in the Chemogenesis web book by Mark R. Leach
peroxides
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_245.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
persistent organic pollutant
http://chm.pops.int/default.aspx
Official Stockholm Convention site
phosphorus
https://www.webelements.com/phosphorus/
Information from the WebElements site
photometry
http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_5/2_5_3.html
Photometric data available at the NPL website
photosynthesis
http://www.rsc.org/Education/Teachers/Resources/cfb/Photosynthesis.htm
Summary of photosynthesis, with illustrations and animations, compiled by the Royal Society of Chemistry
Pisces
http://australianmuseum.net.au/fishes
The Australian Museum Fish Site, an extensive site catering for fish enthusiasts at various levels
planet
http://www.iau.org/public/faq/
The International Astronomical Union's question and answer sheet about planets
http://nineplanets.org/
A multimedia tour of the planets, the sun, and the other members of the solar system
plant
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/Map1.html
Movable hyperbolic tree of plant phylogeny, devised by ‘Deep Green’ and hosted by the University of California, Berkeley
platinum
https://www.webelements.com/platinum/
Information from the WebElements site
Pluto
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/pluto
NASA's introduction to the dwarf planet and its satellites
plutonium
https://www.webelements.com/plutonium/
Information from the WebElements site
pollution
http://www.worstpolluted.org/
The Blacksmith Institute's list of the worst pollution problems facing the world
polonium
https://www.webelements.com/polonium/
Information from the WebElements site
Polymers
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/rssop/
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
Porifera
http://animaldiversity.org/site/accounts/information/Porifera.html
Overview of the sponges, including their biology and classification, from the University of Michigan's Museum of Zoology Diversity Web
potassium
https://www.webelements.com/potassium/
Information from the WebElements site
praseodymium
https://www.webelements.com/praseodymium/
Information from the WebElements site
Primates
http://anthro.palomar.edu/primate/
Wide-ranging account of primate characteristics and taxonomy, compiled by Dennis O'Neil, Palomar College, California
promethium
https://www.webelements.com/promethium/
Information from the WebElements site
protactinium
https://www.webelements.com/protactinium/
Information from the WebElements site
Prout's hypothesis
http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/prout.html
William Prout's original paper
radical
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_569.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_1036.htm
List of radical names
radium
https://www.webelements.com/radium/
Information from the WebElements site
radon
https://www.webelements.com/radon/
Information from the WebElements site
rainforest
http://www.ran.org/
Website for Rainforest Action Network, an international organization that campaigns to protect the rainforests
Raman effect
http://www.uky.edu/~holler/raman.html
The original paper in Nature (1928) by Raman and Krishnan
Raoult's law
http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/raoult2.html
Raoult's original paper in Comptes Rendus (1887)
RasMol
http://www.umass.edu/microbio/rasmol/getras.htm
A downloadable version of RasMol from the website of the University of Massachusetts Amherst
reconciliation ecology
http://www.wildlifetrusts.org/living-landscape
Living landscapes projects of UK wildlife trusts
relative atomic mass
http://www.nist.gov/pml/data/comp.cfm
Values of r.a.m. at the NIST website
https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/atomic_weight/
Information from the WebElements site
Reptilia
http://www.tolweb.org/Amniota/14990
This Amniota page from the Tree of Life Project shows the phylogenetic relationships of reptile groups, birds, and mammals
resistivity
http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_6/2_6_1.html
Values of resistivity for a range of materials at the NPL website
respiration
http://biology.about.com/od/cellularprocesses/a/cellrespiration.htm
Overview of cellular respiration, with animation and illustrations; from About.com
rhenium
https://www.webelements.com/rhenium/
Information from the WebElements site
rhodium
https://www.webelements.com/rhodium/
Information from the WebElements site
ring
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_63.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature of used rings
RNA
http://www.dnaftb.org/21/
Animated account of the roles of RNA in protein synthesis; part of the ‘DNA from the Beginning' website
rock salt structure
http://www.chemtube3d.com/solidstate/_rocksalt(final).htm
An interactive version of the structure
roentgenium
https://www.webelements.com/roentgenium/
Information from the WebElements site
rubidium
https://www.webelements.com/rubidium/
Information from the WebElements site
ruthenium
https://www.webelements.com/ruthenium/
Information from the WebElements site
rutherfordium
https://www.webelements.com/rutherfordium/
Information from the WebElements site
rutile structure
http://www.chemtube3d.com/solidstate/_rutile(final).htm
An interactive version of the structure
samarium
https://www.webelements.com/samarium/
Information from the WebElements site
Saturn
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/saturn
NASA's profile of the planet and its moons
SAX
http://www.saxproject.org/
The SAX home page
scandium
https://www.webelements.com/scandium/
Information from the WebElements site
scanning probe microscopy
https://www.mobot.org/jwcross/spm/
Overview of scanning probe microscopy techniques
scanning tunnelling microscopy
http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/physics/microscopes/scanning/index.html
An account of the technique (with video simulation) from the Nobel Prize website)
seaborgium
https://www.webelements.com/seaborgium/
Information from the WebElements site
seismology
http://www.earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/
The British Geological Survey seismology home page
selenium
https://www.webelements.com/selenium/
Information from the WebElements site
semicarbazones
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_469.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
silicon
https://www.webelements.com/silicon/
Information from the WebElements site
silver
https://www.webelements.com/silver/
Information from the WebElements site
skeleton
http://www.eskeletons.org/
The e-Skeletons Project site explores the comparative skeletal anatomy of humans and other primates
SOAP
https://www.w3.org/2000/xp/Group/
The W3C's XML Protocol Working Group page
sodium
https://www.webelements.com/sodium/
Information from the WebElements site
spectroscopy
https://www.nist.gov/pml/atomic-spectra-database
The NIST atomic spectra database
http://www.nist.gov/pml/data/handbook/index.cfm
NIST Handbook of Basic Atomic Spectroscopic Data
http://web.mit.edu/spectroscopy/history/spec-history.html
A history of spectroscopy from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
sphalerite structure
http://www.chemtube3d.com/solidstate/_blende(final).htm
An interactive version of the sphalerite structure
spinel structure
http://www.chemtube3d.com/solidstate/_spinel(final).htm
An interactive version of the spinel structure
stem cell
http://www.stem-cell-forum.net/
Website of the International Stem Cell Forum, which promotes good practice and progress in stem cell research
steroid
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/steroid/
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
strontium
https://www.webelements.com/strontium/
Information from the WebElements site
sugar
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/2carb/
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
sulphanes
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_197.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
sulphonic acids
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_503.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
sulphoxides
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_460.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
sulphur
https://www.webelements.com/sulfur/
Information from the WebElements site
superconductivity
http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_6/2_6_4.html
Properties of superconducting elements at the NPL website
surface tension
http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_2/2_2_5.html
Values of surface tension at the NPL website
sustainable
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/
UN Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform
synchrotron radiation
http://www-als.lbl.gov
Website of the Advanced Light Source facility at Berkeley
http://www.diamond.ac.uk/Home.html
Website for the Diamond Light Source at Harwell
tantalum
https://www.webelements.com/tantalum/
Information from the WebElements site
taste
http://www.cf.ac.uk/biosi/staffinfo/jacob/
A tutorial on the sense of taste, compiled by Tim Jacob of Cardiff University
TCP/IP
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc793
The TCP (version 4) specification
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc791
The IP (version 4) specification
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2460
The IP (version 6) specification
technetium
https://www.webelements.com/technetium/
Information from the WebElements site
tellurium
https://www.webelements.com/tellurium/
Information from the WebElements site
terbium
https://www.webelements.com/terbium/
Information from the WebElements site
terpenes
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_12.htm
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
thallium
https://www.webelements.com/thallium/
Information from the WebElements site
thermodynamics
http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch21/chemical.php
A tutorial from the Division of Chemical Education, Purdue University, Indiana
http://www.codata.info/resources/databases/key1.html
Thermodynamic properties from the Committee on Data for Science and Technology
thorium
https://www.webelements.com/thorium/
Information from the WebElements site
thulium
https://www.webelements.com/thulium/
Information from the WebElements site
tin
https://www.webelements.com/tin/
Information from the WebElements site
titanium
https://www.webelements.com/titanium/
Information from the WebElements site
tungsten
https://www.webelements.com/tungsten/
Information from the WebElements site
Unicode
http://www.unicode.org/
The Unicode Consortium home page
UNIX
http://opengroup.org/unix
The Open Group's UNIX page
uranium
https://www.webelements.com/uranium/
Information from the WebElements site
Uranus
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/uranus
NASA's introduction to Uranus and its satellites
URI
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986
The URI specification
UTF-8
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode5.0.0/ch03.pdf
Details of UTF-8 encoding from the Unicode (version 5) standard
vanadium
https://www.webelements.com/vanadium/
Information from the WebElements site
Venus
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/venus
NASA's profile of Venus
http://planetologia.elte.hu/venusz-terkep-elte-ttk-kavucs.pdf
Maps of the surface of Venus
virology
http://www.virology.net/
Website for All the Virology on the WWW, a major portal for virology resources via the Internet
viscosity
http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_2/2_2_3.html
Values of viscosities of liquids at the NPL website
vitamin
http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-minerals/pages/vitamins-minerals.aspx
Information and advice on vitamins and minerals from NHS Choices.
vitamin A
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/misc/ret.html
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
vitamin B complex
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/misc/B12.html
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
vitamin D
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/misc/D.html
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
vitamin E
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/misc/toc.html
Information about IUPAC nomenclature
VoIP
https://www.packetizer.com/ipmc/h323_vs_sip/
A comparison of H323 and SIP
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3261
The SIP specification
von Baeyer nomenclature
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/vonBaeyer/
Information about the IUPAC system
WMAP
http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/
The NASA site for WMAP
work function
http://public.wsu.edu/~pchemlab/documents/Work-functionvalues.pdf
Typical values for the electron work function of the elements
wurtzite structure
http://www.chemtube3d.com/solidstate/_wurtzite(final).htm
An interactive version of the structure
xenon
https://www.webelements.com/xenon/
Information from the WebElements site
XML
https://www.w3.org/XML/
The W3C's XML page
XML schema
https://www.w3.org/XML/Schema
The W3C's XML schema page
XPath
https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath20/
The XPath (version 2.0) specification
https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath/
The XPath (version 1.0) specification (still very widely used)
X-ray crystallography
http://www-structmed.cimr.cam.ac.uk/Course/Overview/Overview.html
An illustrated introduction to the principles of X-ray crystallography, compiled by Randy Read, University of Cambridge
XSL
https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-30/
The XSLT (version 3.0) specification
http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt20/
The XSLT (version 2.0) specification
ytterbium
https://www.webelements.com/ytterbium/
Information from the WebElements site
yttrium
https://www.webelements.com/yttrium/
Information from the WebElements site
Zeeman effect
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1902/zeeman-lecture.html
Nobel lecture by Pieter Zeeman after receiving the Nobel Prize for physics, 1902
zinc
https://www.webelements.com/zinc/
Information from the WebElements site
zirconium
https://www.webelements.com/zirconium/
Information from the WebElements site
