Dictionary of Media and Communication 3e companion weblinks
Biographical Notes
Here is a list of links to biographical information about influential individuals within the fields of media and communication.
A B C D E F G H J K L M N O P R S T V W
Adorno, Theodor
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/adorno/
(1903-1969) German philosopher and cultural theorist.
Althusser, Louis
http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/althusser/index.htm
(1918-1990) French philosopher.
Austin, John L.
http://suite101.com/article/jl-austin-how-to-do-things-with-...
(1911-1960) British philosopher.
Bakhtin, Mikhail M.
http://homepages.rpi.edu/~zappenj/Rhetoric/DR/Archive2011/drrt1b.html
(1895-1975) Russian philosopher and literary theorist.
Barthes, Roland
http://www.textetc.com/theory/barthes.html
(1915-1980) French literary and cultural theorist.
Bateson, Gregory
http://www.oikos.org/baten.htm
(1904-1980) British-American anthropologist and cyberneticist.
Baudrillard, Jean
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/baudrillard/
(1929-2007) French cultural theorist, sociologist, and philosopher.
Bell, Daniel
http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/history_knowledge/bell.html
(born 1919) American sociologist.
Benjamin, Walter
http://www.wbenjamin.org/walterbenjamin.html
(1892-1940) German philosopher.
Berger, Peter L.
http://www.angelfire.com/or/sociologyshop/PLB.html
(born 1929) Austrian-American sociologist.
Bernstein, Basil
http://zimmer.csufresno.edu/~johnca/spch100/3-3-bernstein.htm
(1924-2000) British sociologist and linguist.
Boorstin, Daniel J.
http://www.loc.gov/homepage/boorstin.html
(1914-2004) American historian.
Bordwell, David
http://www.davidbordwell.net/
(born 1947) American film theorist.
Bourdieu, Pierre
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/bourd.htm
(1930-2002) French sociologist.
Brecht, Bertholt
http://www.theatredatabase.com/20th_century/bertolt_brecht_0...
(1898-1956) German playwright and theatre director.
Bruner, Jerome
http://www.infed.org/thinkers/bruner.htm
(born 1915) American psychologist.
Butler, Judith
http://www.theory.org.uk/ctr-butl.htm
(born 1956) American philosopher.
Castells, Manuel
http://www.manuelcastells.info/en/cv_index.htm
(born 1942) Spanish sociologist.
Certeau, Michel de
http://www.eng.fju.edu.tw/Literary_Criticism/cultural_studie...
(1925-1986) French cultural theorist.
Chomsky, Noam
http://www.chomsky.info/
(born 1928) American linguist and political activist.
Derrida, Jacques
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/derrida/
(1930-2004) Algerian-French philosopher.
Durkheim, Émile
http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/6508/Durkheim-mile-1858-1917.html
(1858-1917) French sociologist.
Eco, Umberto
http://www.umbertoeco.com/en/
(born 1932) Italian novelist and semiotician.
Eisenstein, Sergei
http://www.sensesofcinema.com/2004/great-directors/eisenstein/
(1898-1948) Soviet film director and film theorist.
Engels, Friedrich
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUengels.htm
(1820-1895) German political theorist.
Foucault, Michel
http://www.michel-foucault.com/
(1926-1984) French philosopher and historian of ideas.
Freud, Sigmund
http://www.freudfile.org/
(1856-1939) Austrian psychiatrist.
Gerbner, George
http://web.asc.upenn.edu/gerbner/archive.aspx
(1919-2005) American communication theorist and researcher.
Gibson, James J.
http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/jgibson.pdf
(1904-1979) American psychologist.
Giddens, Anthony
http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/bios/giddens.html
(born 1938) British sociologist.
Goffman, Erving
http://people.brandeis.edu/~teuber/goffmanbio.html
(1922-1982) American-based Canadian sociologist.
Gombrich, Ernst
http://gombrich.co.uk/
(1909-2001) Austrian-born art historian.
Gramsci, Antonio
http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-gram.htm
(1891-1937) Italian philosopher.
Gregory, Richard L.
http://www.richardgregory.org/
(born 1923) British psychologist.
Greimas, Algirdas Julien
http://www.signosemio.com/greimas/index-en.asp
(1917-1992) Lithuanian linguist and semiotician.
Guattari, Felix
http://www.egs.edu/library/felix-guattari/biography/
(1930-1992) French philosopher and psychotherapist.
Hall, Edward T.
http://www.edwardthall.com/
(1914-2009) American anthropologist and cross-cultural researcher.
Hall, Stuart
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/HIShallS.htm
(born 1932) Jamaican-British sociologist and cultural theorist.
Halliday, Michael A. K.
http://semioticon.com/semiotix/2012/03/a-michael-m-a-k-halliday-specia/
(born 1925) British-Australian linguist.
Haraway, Donna
http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~rf6t-tyfk/haraway.html
(born 1944) American philosopher.
Harvey, David
http://davidharvey.org/
(born 1935) British-American geographer and social theorist.
Heidegger, Martin
http://www.beyng.com/ereignis.html
(1889-1976) German philosopher.
Hjelmslev, Louis
http://www.signosemio.com/hjelmslev/index-en.asp
(1899-1965) Danish linguist.
Hofstede, Geert
http://www.geert-hofstede.com/
(born 1928) Dutch cultural theorist.
Hoggart, Richard
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/HIShoggart.htm
(born 1918) British cultural theorist.
Horkheimer, Max
http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/horkheimer/index.htm
(1895-1973) German philosopher and cultural theorist.
Husserl, Edmund
http://www.husserlpage.com/
(1859-1938) German philosopher.
Jakobson, Roman
http://www.isfp.co.uk/russian_thinkers/roman_jakobson.html
(1896-1982) Russian-American linguist.
Jameson, Fredric
http://prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturers/jameson/
(born 1934) American literary critic.
Jenkins, Henry
http://henryjenkins.org/aboutmehtml
(born 1958) American media theorist.
Jung, Carl
http://www.cgjungpage.org/
(1875-1961) Swiss psychiatrist.
Kant, Immanuel
http://www.iep.utm.edu/kantmeta/
(1724-1804) German philosopher.
Katz, Elihu
http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/998/1/The_work_of_Elihu_Katz%28LSERO%29.pdf
(born 1926) American sociologist.
Kristeva, Julia
http://www.cddc.vt.edu/feminism/kristeva.html
(born 1941) Bulgarian-French philosopher, literary critic and psychoanalyst.
Kuhn, Thomas
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/thomas-kuhn/
(1922-1996) American historian of science.
Lacan, Jacques
http://www.lacan.com/rolleyes.htm
(1901-1981) French psychoanalyst.
Lakoff, George P.
http://www.linguistics.berkeley.edu/people/person_detail.php...
(born 1941) American linguist.
Lazarsfeld, Paul
http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/plazersfeld.pdf
(1901-1976) Austrian-American sociologist.
Leavis, Frank R.
http://www.authortrek.com/f_r_leavis_page.html
(1895-1978) British literary critic.
Lévi-Strauss, Claude
http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/l/e.htm#levi-strauss...
(1908-2009) French anthropologist.
Lotman, Yuri
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/lotman.htm
(1922-1993) Russian semiotician.
Lull, James
http://www.jameslull.com/biography.html
(born 1950) American media researcher.
Lyotard, Jean-François
http://www.egs.edu/faculty/jean-francois-lyotard/biography/
(1924-1998) French philosopher.
Marcuse, Herbert
http://www.marcuse.org/herbert/
(1898-1979) German philosopher
Malinowski, Bronisław
http://www.nndb.com/people/320/000099023/
(1884-1942) Polish anthropologist.
Marx, Karl
http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/m/a.htm#marx
(1818-1883) German political theorist.
Maslow, Abraham
http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/maslow.html
(1908-1970) American psychologist.
McLuhan, Marshall
http://marshallmcluhan.com/biography/
(1911-1980) Canadian literary scholar.
McQuail, Denis
http://www.socialsciencespace.com/2012/02/my-social-science-career-interview-with-denis-mcquail/
(born 1935) British sociologist. This link no longer works and we are unable to find a suitable alternative.
Mead, George Herbert
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mead/
(1863-1931) American philosopher, sociologist, and psychologist.
Metz, Christian
http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC05folder/FilmL...
(1931-1993) French film theorist.
Morley, David
http://www.gold.ac.uk/media-communications/staff/morley/
(born 1947) British sociologist.
Mulvey, Laura
http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/566978/index.html
(born 1941) British film theorist.
Nietzsche, Friedrich
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nietzsche/
(1844-1900) German philosopher.
Ong, Walter J.
http://www.media-ecology.org/publications/MEA_proceedings/v6...
(1912-2003) American literary theorist
Parsons, Talcott
http://www.bolenderinitiatives.com/sociology/talcott-parsons...
(1902-1979) American sociologist.
Piaget, Jean
http://www.piaget.org/aboutPiaget.html
(1896-1980) Swiss psychologist.
Polanyi, Michael
http://www.infed.org/thinkers/polanyi.htm
(1891-1976) Hungarian philosopher.
Postman, Leo
http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/senate/inmemoriam/leop...
(1918-2004) American media theorist and cultural critic.
Postman, Neil
http://neilpostman.org/
(1931-2003) American media theorist and cultural critic.
Propp, Vladimir
http://mural.uv.es/vifresal/Propp.htm
(1895-1970) Russian literary theorist.
Rheingold, Howard
http://www.rheingold.com/howard/
(born 1947) American writer on new media.
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
http://www.iep.utm.edu/rousseau/
(1712-1778) French philosopher.
Said, Edward
http://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/sep/26/guardianobituari...
(1935-2003) Palestinian-American cultural theorist.
Sapir, Edward
http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/sapir-edward.pdf
(1884-1939) American linguist.
Sartre, Jean-Paul
http://kirjasto.sci.fi/sartre.htm
(1905-1980) French philosopher and writer.
Saussure, Ferdinand de
http://www.egs.edu/library/ferdinand-de-saussure/biography/
(1857-1913) Swiss linguist.
Schramm, Wilbur
http://0-files.eric.ed.gov.opac.msmc.edu/fulltext/ED099879.pdf
(1907-1987) American communication theorist.
Schutz, Alfred
http://www.iep.utm.edu/schutz/
(1899-1959) Austrian-American philosopher.
Shannon, Claude
http://www.nyu.edu/pages/linguistics/courses/v610003/shan.html
(1916-2001) American electronic engineer and mathematician.
Simmel, Georg
http://socio.ch/sim/bio.htm
(1858-1918) German sociologist.
Sontag, Susan
http://www.susansontag.com/SusanSontag/index.shtml
(1933-2004) American philosopher and literary theorist.
Spencer, Herbert
http://www.iep.utm.edu/spencer/
(1820-1903) British sociologist and philosopher.
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty
http://www.postcolonialweb.org/poldiscourse/spivak/spivak1.html
(born 1942) Indian literary critic.
Tannen, Deborah
http://faculty.georgetown.edu/tannend/bio.html
(born 1945) American linguist.
Toffler, Alvin
http://www.alvintoffler.net/?fa=bios
(born 1928) American futurologist.
Veblen, Thorstein
http://www.bolender.com/Sociological%20Theory/Veblen,%20Thor...
(1857-1929) Norwegian-American sociologist and economist.
Voloshinov, Valentin
http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/v/o.htm#voloshinov-v...
(1895-1936) Russian linguist.
Vygotsky, Lev
http://mennta.hi.is/starfsfolk/solrunb/vygotsky.htm
(1896-1934) Soviet psychologist.
Warren, Robert Penn
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/warren.htm
(1905-1989) American poet, novelist, and literary critic.
Weaver, Warren
http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Weaver.html
(1894-1978) American scientist and mathematician.
Weber, Max
http://media.pfeiffer.edu/lridener/DSS/Weber/WEBRPER.HTML
(1864-1920) German sociologist and political economist.
Wertheimer, Max
http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/gestalt.html
(1880-1943) German psychologist.
Whorf, Benjamin Lee
http://www.notablebiographies.com/supp/Supplement-Sp-Z/Whorf...
(1897-1941) American linguist.
Williams, Raymond
http://www.raymondwilliams.co.uk/
(1921-1988) British cultural theorist, critic, and novelist.
Wittgenstein, Ludwig
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/wittgenstein/
(1889-1951) Austrian-British philosopher.
Web links
Here is a list of recommended web links, arranged alphabetically by the relevant dictionary entries:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W
above-the-fold
http://boxesandarrows.com/blasting-the-myth-of-the-fold/
Blasting the myth of the fold
Academy aperture
http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/evolution.htm
Aspect ratios
advertising
http://www.hatads.org.uk/
History of Advertising Trust
airbrushing
https://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/the-photo-book-that-captured-how-the-soviet-regime-made-the-truth-disappear
How the Soviet regime made the truth disappear
algorithm
http://www.ted.com/talks/kevin_slavin_how_algorithms_shape_our_world
‘How algorithms shape our world’: A TED talk
aliasing
http://www.earlevel.com/Digital%20Audio/Aliasing.html
Digital audio aliasing
alienation effect
http://beautifultrouble.org/theory/alienation-effect/
Alienation effect
alternate reality game
http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2001/apr/30/mediaguardian1.digitalmedia
Kubrick’s strange afterlife
alternative social media
http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/14331/1/FuchsSandovalam(1).pdf
Alternative social media: Christian Fuchs and Marisol Sandoval
ambiguity
http://xtf.lib.virginia.edu/xtf/view?docId=DicHist/uvaBook/tei/DicHist1.xml;chunk.id=dv1-08;toc.depth=1;toc.id=dv1-08;brand=default;query=Dictionary%20of%20the%20History%20of%20Ideas#1
Ambiguity as an aesthetic principle
appropriation
http://www.theweek.co.uk/cultural-appropriation
Cultural appropriation
articulation
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/S4B/sem08a.html
Articulation
artificial intelligence
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUcKXJTUGIE
‘Artificial intelligence’: Hubert Dreyfus
aspect-ratio conversion
http://www.pjdaniel.org.uk/afd/
Digital widescreen TV
audience research
https://cadair.aber.ac.uk/dspace/handle/2160/595
Lord of the Rings : film audience research
back stage
http://cdclv.unlv.edu/ega/
Erving Goffman archives
bias
https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/
Project Implicit: check your own implicit biases
big data
http://www.ted.com/talks/what_we_learned_from_5_million_books
‘What we learned from 5 million books’: a TED talk
Big Five
https://www.123test.com/big-five-personality-theory/
Big Five personality tests
body language
http://www.ted.com/talks/amy_cuddy_your_body_language_shapes_who_you_are
‘Your body language shapes who you are’: a TED talk
body politics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvJVUmJQ-j8
On Body Politics: Nancy Henley
categorization
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/categories/
Categories
chunking
http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/miller/
The magical number seven
clicktivism
http://stream.aljazeera.com/story/201203131832-0022095
Is 'clicktivism' destroying meaningful social activism?
cocktail party effect
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mN--nV61gDo
Cocktail party effect
code
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/S4B/sem08.html
Codes
cognitive functions
http://faculty.philosophy.umd.edu/pcarruthers/Cognitive-language.htm
The cognitive functions of language
colour space
https://www.efilm.com/inside-efilm/technical/color-space-matrix
Colour space matrix
colour symbolism
https://www.shutterstock.com/blog/color-symbolism-and-meanings-around-the-world
Colour symbolism around the world
commons-based social media
https://medium.com/@guisebule/user-owned-social-network-required-or-building-a-better-social-commons-eab14d8770a
The user-owned social network
communication technologies
http://www.ctheory.net/articles.aspx?id=45
History of Communication Media : Friedrich Kittler
community broadcasting
https://viewpointcommunitymedia.org.uk/services/swindon-viewpoint/
Swindon Viewpoint
computer-mediated communication
https://academic.oup.com/jcmc
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication
conspicuous consumption
http://socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/veblen/leisure/chap04.txt
Veblen on conspicuous consumption
constructionism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-AsKFFX9Ib0
Ken Gergen talks about social constructionist ideas
conversational style
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5523ffe4e4b012b2c4ebd8fc/t/56d9c47a01dbaea476cf03ac/1457112186608/Conversational+Style.pdf
Tannen on conversational style
copyleft
https://www.gnu.org/licenses/copyleft.en.html
What is copyleft?
critical discourse analysis
https://www.history.ac.uk/1807commemorated/media/methods/critical.html
Critical discourse analysis
cross-cutting
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7c0B5lzBa0A
Cross-cutting/parallel editing: An example
crossing the line
http://www.mediacollege.com/video/editing/transition/reverse-cut.html
Crossing the line
cultivation theory
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/short/cultiv.html
Cultivation theory
culture jamming
https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/05/the-new-culture-jamming-how-activists-will-respond-to-online-advertising/257176/
The new culture jamming
deconstruction
https://prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturers/derrida/deconstruction.html
Deconstruction
denotation
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/S4B/sem06.html
Denotation, connotation, and myth
depth cues
https://www.eruptingmind.com/depth-perception-cues-other-forms-of-perception/
Depth cues
depth of field
https://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/depth-of-field.htm
Depth of field
design features
https://blogs.ntu.edu.sg/hg3040-2014-1/?page_id=52
Design features of human language
discourse analysis
http://extra.shu.ac.uk/daol/
Discourse Analysis Online
disruptive technology
https://hbr.org/1995/01/disruptive-technologies-catching-the-wave
Disruptive technologies
effects tradition
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a6fd/b4da4cbe2bcfee12298f1bb5f34f42131499.pdf?_ga=2.67202641.1983284662.1557740871-1515401541.1557740871
Ten things wrong with the ‘effects model’
encoding–decoding model
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/S4B/sem08c.html
Encoding–decoding
establishing shot
https://www.premiumbeat.com/blog/filmmakers-guide-establishing-shot/
Establishing shot
expectations
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/visper/visper06.html
Contexts and expectations
fact
http://www.ted.com/talks/markham_nolan_how_to_separate_fact_and_fiction_online?language=en
‘How to separate fact and fiction online’: a TED talk
female gaze
http://www.vulture.com/2018/08/how-do-we-define-the-female-gaze-in-2018.html
How do we define the female gaze?
figure of speech
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/S4B/sem07.html
Rhetorical tropes
film
http://www.imdb.com/
The Internet Movie Database (IMDb)
film genres
http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/446108/index.html
Film genres and themes (BFI)
film grammar
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/short/gramtv.html
The grammar of television and film
filter bubble
https://medium.com/@nicklum/the-surprising-difference-between-filter-bubble-and-echo-chamber-b909ef2542cc
The surprising difference between filter-bubble and echo-chamber
focus group
http://sru.soc.surrey.ac.uk/SRU19.html
Focus groups
freedom of information
https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-freedom-of-information/what-is-the-foi-act/
Freedom of Information Act (UK)
freedom of the press
https://rsf.org/en/ranking
Press freedom index
free speech
http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/index.html
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Gamergate
https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/gamergate-scandal-erupts-video-game-community
A scandal erupts in the videogame community
gaze
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/gaze/
Notes on ‘the gaze’
gendered editing
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/short/toyads.html
Gender-differentiated production features in toy commercials
gendered identifications
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/short/who_is_the_fairest_of_them_all.pdf
Gendered readings of Big Brother 2
gendering
https://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/12/health/colorscope-pink-boy-girl-gender/index.html
The complicated gender history of pink
gender stereotypes
https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011719
Gender stereotypes
genre
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/intgenre/
Introduction to genre theory
gestalt laws
http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Wertheimer/Forms/forms.htm
Laws of organization in perceptual forms
Glasgow media group
http://www.gla.ac.uk/centres/mediagroup/
Glasgow Media Group
globalization
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/globalization/
Globalization
great divide theories
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/litoral/
Biases of the ear and eye
hacker
http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/729
Hackers : Steven Levy
hacker ethic
http://project.cyberpunk.ru/idb/hacker_ethics.html
The Hacker's Ethics
high-definition television
http://www.bairdtelevision.com/colour.html
The world’s first high-definition colour television
horizontal–vertical illusion
https://www.illusionsindex.org/ir/vertical-horizontal-illusion
Horizontal–vertical illusion
hype cycle
https://www.gartner.com/en/research/methodologies/gartner-hype-cycle
Hype cycle
hypertext
http://www.xanadu.com.au/ted/XUsurvey/xuDation.html
Project Xanadu
image
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J40B-FUFKtM
Seven ways of thinking about images: James Elkins
impartiality
https://www.bbc.co.uk/editorialguidelines/guidelines/impartiality
BBC editorial guidelines on impartiality
inferential model
https://accedacris.ulpgc.es/bitstream/10553/4023/2/0234349_00006_0003.pdf
An Inferential Model of Communication
infographics
http://www.ted.com/talks/david_mccandless_the_beauty_of_data_visualization
‘The beauty of data visualization’: a TED talk
innocent eye
http://www.gombrich.co.uk/
Gombrich archive
interaction model
https://www.communicationtheory.org/osgood-schramm-model-of-communication/
Schramm’s interaction model
interactive movies
http://www.designersnotebook.com/Lectures/Challenge/challenge.htm
The challenge of the interactive movie
intercultural communication
https://www.communicationtheory.org/cross-cultural-communication/
Cross-cultural communication
interlace scanning
http://www.ques10.com/p/19611/explain-interlace-scanning-calculate-the-percentag/
Interlace scanning
interpretation
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/short/living2.html
What makes viewers diverge when interpreting narrative?
intertextuality
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/S4B/sem09.html
Intertextuality
Johari window
https://kevan.org/johari
Johari window
journalese
http://afterdeadline.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/14/avoiding-journalese/
Avoiding ‘journalese’
journalism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHUn6zSGEJ8
BBC Journalism Skills: Interviewing techniques
knowledge
http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/ryle/Ryle_KnowHow.pdf
Knowing how and knowing that: Gilbert Ryle
language
http://www.ted.com/talks/steven_pinker_on_language_and_thought
‘What our language habits reveal’: a TED talk
language games
http://www.signosemio.com/wittgenstein/language-games.asp
Wittgenstein’s language games
linear perspective
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ea3j-kTnfeU
Representations of space in Western art: Ernst Gombrich
linguistic determinism
https://www.ted.com/talks/lera_boroditsky_how_language_shapes_the_way_we_think
How language shapes the way we think
McLuhanism
http://www.marshallmcluhan.com/
The official site of Marshall McLuhan
male norm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/4740173.stm
Website design biased to men
manufacture of consent
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kusAX4Th4N8
Manufacturing consent
marketing semiotics
http://it.stlawu.edu/~global/pagessemiotics/menuframesem.html
- The Semiotics of Advertising : Goldman et al.
Marxist media theory
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/marxism/
Marxist media theory
masculinity
https://www.psytoolkit.org/survey-library/sex-role-bem.html
Bem Sex Role Inventory
mashup
http://www.zdnet.com/videos/what-is-a-mashup/152729
What is a mashup?
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
https://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Maslow/motivation.htm
A Theory of Human Motivation : Abraham Maslow
meaning
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/meaning/
Theories of meaning
mean world syndrome
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJ8iE8bvLVg
The mean world syndrome
mechanical reproduction
http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/benjamin.htm
The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction
media ecology
http://www.media-ecology.org/media_ecology/index.html
What is media ecology?
media equation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26BclMJQUwo
Reeves and Nass on the media equation
media history
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233440179_Media_and_the_Making_of_British_Society_c_1700-2000
Media and the making of British society: James Curran
media industries
https://www.statista.com/statistics/272469/largest-media-companies-worldwide/
Leading media companies
media law
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/42/contents#sch1
Journal of Media Law
media literacy
https://www.ofcom.org.uk/research-and-data/media-literacy-research/media-literacy
Ofcom’s definition of ‘media literacy’
media ownership
http://www.cjr.org/resources/
Who owns what?
media psychology
https://www.apa.org/about/division/div46
APA Division 46
mediation
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/short/process.html
Processes of mediation
medium
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImaH51F4HBw
The Medium is the Message: Marshall McLuhan
memory
http://www.ted.com/talks/elizabeth_loftus_the_fiction_of_memory
‘The fiction of memory’: a TED talk
metaphor
http://georgelakoff.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/the-contemporary-theory-of-metaphor-in-ortony-andrew-ed-metaphor-and-thought-lakoff-1992.pdf
The contemporary theory of metaphor
modality
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/S4B/sem02a.html
Modality and representation
modelling
http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Bandura/bobo.htm
Imitation of aggressive models
mode of address
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/S4B/sem08b.html
Modes of address
motion parallax
https://www.garyfisk.com/anim/mparallax.html
Motion parallax
movable type
https://www.smu.edu/Bridwell/SpecialCollectionsandArchives/Exhibitions/PeterSchoefferPrinterofMainz/GUTENBERGFUSTANDSCHOEFFER/Gutenberg-Bible
The Gutenberg Bible
MUD
https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=kt367nc6m1&chunk.id=ch03&toc.depth=1&toc.id=ch03&brand=eschol
Mudding history and subcultures
MUD object-oriented
http://www.juliandibbell.com/mytinylife/index.html
My Tiny Life : Julian Dibbell
multimodality
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nt5wPIhhDDU
‘What is multimodality?’: Gunther Kress
native advertising
https://www.copyblogger.com/examples-of-native-ads/
Examples of native ads
naturalism
http://xtf.lib.virginia.edu/xtf/view?docId=DicHist/uvaBook/tei/DicHist3.xml;chunk.id=dv3-43;toc.depth=1;toc.id=dv3-43;brand=default;query=Dictionary%20of%20the%20History%20of%20Ideas#1
Naturalism in art
networked publics
https://www.danah.org/papers/2010/SNSasNetworkedPublics.pdf
Social network sites as networked publics
network society
http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people/Castells/castells-con4.html
The network society: interview with Manuel Castells
network topologies
http://networkcultures.org/unlikeus/resources/articles/what-is-a-federated-network/
Network topologies
new media
https://online.seu.edu/what-is-new-media/
Defining new media
news
https://www.thenewsmanual.net/index.htm
The news manual
newspapers
http://www.britishpapers.co.uk/
British Newspapers Online
nonverbal behaviour
http://www.spring.org.uk/2007/05/nonverbal-behaviour.php
Nonverbal behaviour
optics
http://xtf.lib.virginia.edu/xtf/view?docId=DicHist/uvaBook/tei/DicHist3.xml;chunk.id=dv3-51;toc.depth=1;toc.id=dv3-51;brand=default;query=Dictionary%20of%20the%20History%20of%20Ideas#1
Optics and vision
panopticon
http://cryptome.org/cartome/panopticon1.htm
The Panopticon : Jeremy Bentham
paradigm
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/S4B/sem03.html
Paradigms and syntagms
parasocial interaction
http://www.participations.org/volume%203/issue%201/3_01_hortonwohl.htm
Parasocial interaction: Horton and Wohl
participatory culture
https://www.macfound.org/media/article_pdfs/JENKINS_WHITE_PAPER.PDF
Confronting the challenges of participatory culture
Peircean model
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/peirce-semiotics/
Peirce’s theory of signs
perceived reality
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/short/realrev.html
Children’s understanding of what is ‘real’ on television
performance capture
https://thetheatretimes.com/film-acting-and-performance-capture-the-index-in-crisis/
Performance capture: the index in crisis
performativity
https://bigthink.com/videos/your-behavior-creates-your-gender
An interview with Judith Butler
persistence of vision
https://faculty.uca.edu/wsmeador/ccsmi/ccsmi/classicwork/Myth%20Revisited.htm
The myth of persistence of vision revisited
perspective
http://www.webexhibits.org/arrowintheeye/
The psychology of perspective
persuasion
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_0vrFwaT2Y
The power of persuasion: Stuart Ewen
phenomenology
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/short/phenom.html
The phenomenology of writing by hand
phi phenomenon
http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/col-colorPhi/index.html
Colour phi phenomenon
photograph
http://photo.tutsplus.com/articles/history/a-history-of-photography-part-1-the-beginning/
A history of photography
photojournalism
https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/world-press-photo-awards-2017_us_58a34c44e4b094a129ef8007?guccounter=1&guce_referrer_us=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_cs=llPIYWL7Cz09AWo87EXNhw
Photojournalism
photoshopping
http://pth.izitru.com/
Photo tampering throughout history
platform
https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jul/02/facebook-mark-zuckerberg-platform-publisher-lawsuit
Is Facebook a publisher?
political bias
https://www.allgeneralizationsarefalse.com/
Media bias chart
polysemy
https://www.slideshare.net/sanjabozicevic5/ad-polysemy-16009217
Polysemy in advertising
post-truth
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/word-of-the-year/word-of-the-year-2016
Word of the Year 2016
power law distribution
http://www.shirky.com/writings/powerlaw_weblog.html
Power laws, weblogs, and inequality
presence studies
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00072.x/full
The concept of presence
privacy
http://www.ted.com/talks/glenn_greenwald_why_privacy_matters
‘Why privacy matters’: a TED talk
propaganda
http://www.historyisaweapon.com/defcon1/bernprop.html
- Propaganda : Edward Bernays
propaganda model
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RPKH6BVcoM
Interview with Noam Chomsky
prosumption
https://cstonline.net/who-invented-the-prosumer-by-toby-miller/
Who invented the prosumer?
proxemics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pw3FZ3xOBVo
Proxemics: the study of personal space
psychographics
http://www.strategicbusinessinsights.com/vals/presurvey.shtml
The VALS Survey
public opinion
http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/gutbook/lookup?num=6456
Public Opinion : Walter Lippmann
public sphere
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PzTyNe4tP4
Habermas and the Public Sphere
radio
http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/
- BBC Radio Times archive
radio waves
https://science.nasa.gov/ems/05_radiowaves
NASA page about radio waves
readership
https://pamco.co.uk/
Audience measurement for publishers
reading direction
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.646.2146&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Writing direction influences spatial cognition
reality
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Appearance_and_Reality
Appearance and reality
reality construction
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/social-construction-naturalistic/
Naturalistic approaches to social construction
recontextualization
http://www.negativland.com/news/?page_id=19
Negativland interviews U2’s The Edge
representation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTzMsPqssOY
Representation and the media: Stuart Hall
rhetoric
http://www.uky.edu/~ngrant/CJT780/readings/Day%205/McQuarrieMick1996.pdf
Figures of rhetoric in advertising language
Sapir
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/short/whorf.html
The Sapir -
scale-free network
http://barabasi.com/f/124.pdf
Scale-free network
schema theory
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/short/schematv.html
Schema theory and the interpretation of television programmes
selective perception
http://www.all-about-psychology.com/selective-perception.html
They Saw a Game: a Case Study by Albert Hastorf and Hadley Cantril
self-presentation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M1LeOmcJT5M
The Presentation of Self: Erving Goffman
semiotics
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/S4B/
Semiotics for beginners
serious games
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijcgt/2014/358152/
Serious games
Shannon and Weaver’s model
http://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=673
A Mathematical Theory of Communication
sign
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/S4B/sem02.html
Signs
skeuomorphism
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-22840833
What is skeuomorphism?
social capital
http://davidgauntlett.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/gauntlett2011-extract-sc.pdf
Three approaches to social capital
software
http://issuu.com/bloomsburypublishing/docs/9781623566722_web
Software takes command
special effects
http://www.ted.com/talks/don_levy_a_cinematic_journey_through_visual_effects
‘A cinematic journey through visual effects’: a TED talk
structuralism
http://xtf.lib.virginia.edu/xtf/view?docId=DicHist/uvaGenText/tei/DicHist4.xml;chunk.id=dv4-42;toc.depth=1;toc.id=dv4-42;brand=default;query=Dictionary%20of%20the%20History%20of%20Ideas#1
Structuralism
subliminal message
https://aef.com/academic-programs/adtext/adtext-excerpts/subliminal-advertising/
‘Subliminal’ advertising
surveillance
http://www.ted.com/talks/hubertus_knabe_the_dark_secrets_of_a_surveillance_state
‘The dark secrets of a surveillance state’: a TED talk
technological determinism
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/tecdet/
Technological or media determinism
technophobia
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/SF/
Imagining futures, dramatizing fears
telephone
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/short/phone.html
Using the telephone
telepresence
http://web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/papers/Telepresence.html
Minsky’s telepresence article
television
http://www.tv-ark.org.uk/
TV Ark: The online television museum
television genres
http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/482184/index.html
Television genres, themes, and formats (BFI)
top-down processing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hcC9fsX2k7E
Bottom up and top down: Richard Gregory
transmission models
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/short/trans.html
Transmission model
typeface
http://www.ted.com/talks/matthew_carter_my_life_in_typefaces
‘My life in typefaces’: a TED talk
typeface personality
http://www.esperfonto.com/
EsperFonto
uncanny valley
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/nov/13/robots-human-uncanny-valley
Uncanny valley
uses and gratifications
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BHuWqiFqw4g
Media uses and gratifications: Denis McQuail
use theory
https://philosophyforchange.wordpress.com/2014/03/11/meaning-is-use-wittgenstein-on-the-limits-of-language/
Meaning is use: Wittgenstein on the limits of language
videogame
http://www.ted.com/talks/daphne_bavelier_your_brain_on_video_games
‘Your brain on videogames’: a TED talk
videogame studies
http://gamestudies.org/
Game Studies
video news release
http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Video_news_releases
Article on VNR from Sourcewatch
viral video
http://henryjenkins.org/2009/02/if_it_doesnt_spread_its_dead_p.html
If it doesn’t spread, it’s dead
virtual community
http://www.rheingold.com/vc/book/
Virtual Community : Howard Rheingold
visual communication
http://www.academia.edu/2846340/Studying_visual_communication
Studying Visual Communication : Sol Worth
visual culture
http://www.citrinitas.com/history_of_viscom/
History of visual communication
visual illusion
http://michaelbach.de/ot/index.html
Optical illusions and visual phenomena
visual perception
http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/visper/visindex.html
Visual perception
visual rhetoric
http://www.sonjafoss.com/html/Foss41.pdf
Visual rhetoric
weak ties
https://sociology.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/publications/the_strength_of_weak_ties_and_exch_w-gans.pdf
Granovetter’s theory of the strength of weak ties
Web 2.0
http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html
What is Web 2.0?
widescreen
https://www.widescreen.org/examples.shtml
Demonstrations of widescreen presentations
