Ecology

Web links

Here is a list of recommended web links, arranged alphabetically by the relevant dictionary entries:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T V W

A  Top

accelerator mass spectrometry
http://www.physics.purdue.edu/primelab/introduction/ams.html
Description and explanation of the technique.

action spectrum
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/Act...
Explanation of the term.

APG II system
http://mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APWeb/
Home page of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.

assisted migration
http://www.torreyaguardians.org/assisted-migration.html
Links to articles on assisted migration.

B  Top

barrier island
http://coast.noaa.gov/archived/beachnourishment/html/geo/barrier.htm
Detailed explanation of barrier island formation and ecology.

biodiversity
http://www.cbd.int/
Information on the UN Convention on Biological Diversity.

biotic indices
http://sftrc.cas.psu.edu/LessonPlans/Water/PDFs/BioticIndexC...
Calculation of biotic indices explained.

bomb calorimeter
http://www.chem.hope.edu/~polik/Chem345-2000/bombcalorimetry...
Explanation of the use of a bomb calorimeter.

Bowen's ratio
http://4e.plantphys.net/article.php?ch=0&id=132
Bowen's ratio explained fully.

Burgess Shale
http://www.strangescience.net/walcott.htm
More about Walcott's work.

C  Top

Cambrian
http://palaeos.com/paleozoic/cambrian/cambrian.htm
More about the Cambrian.

Carboniferous
http://palaeos.com/paleozoic/carboniferous/carboniferous.htm
More about the Carboniferous.

carrying capacity
https://www.boundless.com/biology/population-and-community-e...
Calculating carrying capacity explained.

Cenozoic
http://palaeos.com/cenozoic/cenozoic.htm
More about the Cenozoic.

central limit theorem
http://www.math.csusb.edu/faculty/stanton/probstat/clt.html
Full explanation with example.

chaos theory
http://fractalfoundation.org/resources/what-is-chaos-theory/
An introduction to chaos theory.

chemical oxygen demand
http://norweco.com/html/lab/test_methods/5220bfp.htm
Laboratory method described.

chi-squared test
http://www.biostathandbook.com/chiind.htmll
The test explained.

coliform count
http://www.waksman-foundation.org/labs/rochester/coliform.htm
More details and method of testing.

Commons, the
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/162/3859/1243
Full text of Hardin's article.

confidence limits
http://onlinestatbook.com/chapter8/mean.html
Method for calculating confidence limits.

contingency table
http://www.physics.csbsju.edu/stats/contingency.html
More details.

correlation coefficient
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/CorrelationCoefficient.html
Calculation method.

Cretaceous
http://palaeos.com/mesozoic/cretaceous/cretaceous.htm
More about the Cretaceous.

CTD
http://www.whoi.edu/instruments/viewInstrument.do?id=1003
More detailed description.

D  Top

decay constant
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nuclear/halfli2.html
Explained in more detail.

dendrochronology
http://sonic.net/bristlecone/dendro.html
More information.

Devonian
http://palaeos.com/paleozoic/devonian/devonian.htm
More about the Devonian.

diffusion
http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/notes_diffusion.html
More information.

dimictic
http://www.acris.nynhp.org/guide.php?id=9880
Lake classification explained.

dissolved oxygen level
http://www.lenntech.com/why_the_oxygen_dissolved_is_importan...
The importance of dissolved oxygen explained in detail.

drainage basin shape index
http://www.itia.ntua.gr/hsj/47/hysj_47_06_0931.pdf
An explanation and worked examples.

drainage morphometry
http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/10ab.html
Explained in more detail.

E  Top

ecological indicator
http://www.epa.gov/emap/html/pubs/docs/resdocs/ecol_ind.pdf
Guidelines for use of ecological indicators.

ecomorph
http://www.mapoflife.org/browse/category_65_Ecomorphs/
The anolis ecomorphs are listed.

ecosystem services
http://pdf.wri.org/esr_definitions_of_ecosystem_services.pdf
A list of ecosystem services from the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005.

Ediacaran
http://cambrian.tripod.com/IntrotoEdiacaran
The fauna are described.

Ekman spiral
http://oceanmotion.org/html/background/ocean-in-motion.htm
The spiral explained in more detail.

elutriation
http://www.pediaview.com/openpedia/Elutriation
The process described in detail.

enation theory
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/plants/lycophyta/lycomm.html
The theory explained.

Eocene
http://palaeos.com/cenozoic/eocene/eocene.htm
More about the Eocene.

eocyte hypothesis
http://fbae.org/2009/FBAE/website/images/pdf/imporatant-publ...
An outline of the eocyte hypothesis.

epigenesis
http://christianhubert.com/writings/Epigenesis_Preformation....
Epigenesis and preformation explained.

equal-area net
http://magician.ucsd.edu/Essentials/WebBookse113.html
Constructing and using an equal-area net explained.

evapotranspiration
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycleevapotranspiration.html
More detailed information.

evolutionary stable strategy
http://wiki.cc.gatech.edu/theory/index.php/Evolutionarily_St...
The theory explained in detail.

F  Top

fitness
http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/273/1586/547....
Method for calculating fitness described.

fixation probability
http://www.pnas.org/content/71/9/3377.full.pdf
Paper describing the mathematical theory of fixation probability.

flocculation
http://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/mit-k12/mit-k12-m...
flocculation demonstration

founder effect
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/IIID3Bottleneck...
Founder effect explained in more detail.

Froude number
http://www.easycalculation.com/physics/fluid-mechanics/froud...
Froude number calculator.

functional type
http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/tss/clm/pfts/index.html
More information.

G  Top

gall
http://www.gwydir.demon.co.uk/insects/cynipidae.htm
More about gall wasps.

game cropping
http://www.fao.org/docrep/W7540E/w7540e0h.htm
More information about game cropping.

game theory
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/game-theory/
History and explanation of game theory.

genetic drift
http://www.drpeterjdadamo.com/wiki/wiki.pl/Genetic_drift
More detailed information.

geographic information system
http://www.gis.com/
Home page of GIS.

ghost of competition past
http://www.jstor.org/stable/3565721
The concept explained in more detail.

Gondwana
http://palaeos.com/earth/paleogeography/gondwana.htm
More information.

gradient analysis
http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.2307/1941859
more information

H  Top

hail
http://www.islandnet.com/~see/weather/elements/hailform.htm
The formation of hailstones explained.

halophyte
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/e56/56d.htm
More information.

handicap principle
http://www.gnxp.com/MT2/archives/000846.html
More information.

Holling's disc equation
http://www.indiana.edu/~oso/lessons/BioMath/hd-root.pdf
More information.

hot spot
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v403/n6772/full/403853a...
More about biodiversity hot spots.

Huygens' principle
http://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath242/kmath242.htm
More detailed information.

hydraulic conductivity
http://www.waterlog.info/
general information on waterlogging .

hydrologic cycle
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/%28Gh%29/guides/mtr/hyd/home.rxml
More detailed information.

I  Top

ideal free distribution
http://www.bgu.ac.il/desert_agriculture/Popecology/PEtexts/P...
Model described.

imprinting
http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n14/experimento/lorenz/index-...
More information.

inclusive fitness
http://www.mast.queensu.ca/~peter/pdf/encyclopedia2002.pdf
Concept explained in detail.

indicator species analysis
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010....
More information.

intermediate disturbance hypothesis
http://hughstimson.org/research/IDHsmallscale.pdf
The hypothesis tested.

J  Top

Jurassic
http://palaeos.com/mesozoic/jurassic/jurassic.htm
More about the Jurassic.

K  Top

kin selection
http://richarddawkins.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/12-Misunderstandings.pdf
Misunderstandings about kin selection addressed.

Köppen climate classification
http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7v.html
More about the Köppen classification, with examples.

L  Top

Landsat
http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/
Home page of the Landsat Program.

lichen zone
http://www.air-quality.org.uk/19.php
More information.

life-zone
http://cpluhna.nau.edu/Biota/merriam.htm
More information.

limestone pavement
http://www.limestone-pavements.org.uk/
More about limestone pavements and their ecology and conservation.

limnetic zone
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/F/Fre...
More information.

Lotka-Volterra equations
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Lotka-VolterraEquations.html
The mathematics outlined.

M  Top

Mahalanobis's D2
http://www.mathworks.co.uk/help/stats/mahal.html
The mathematics explained.

marginal value theorem
http://www.animalbehavioronline.com/marginal.html
More information.

meiosis
http://www.johnkyrk.com/meiosis.html
Meiosis animation.

Mendel, Gregor Johann
http://www.esp.org/foundations/genetics/classical/gm-65.pdf
English translation of Mendel's original paper.

Mesozoic
http://palaeos.com/mesozoic/
More about the Mesozoic.

micropalaeontology
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/GeolSci/micropal/
More information.

Miocene
http://palaeos.com/cenozoic/miocene/miocene.htm
More information.

mitosis
http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm
Animation of mitosis.

N  Top

nearest-neighbour analysis
http://geographyfieldwork.com/nearest_neighbour_analysis.htm
Explanation and worked example.

Neogene
http://palaeos.com/cenozoic/neogene.html
More information.

neutrality theory of evolution
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/Neutral-Theory-The-...
The theory explained in more detail.

Nicholson-Bailey model
http://wwx.inhs.illinois.edu/research/biocontrol/theoriesmod...
Describes the model and its application.

nitrogen cycle
http://www.tutorvista.com/content/chemistry/chemistry-i/nitr...
The cycle described in detail.

O  Top

Oligocene
http://palaeos.com/cenozoic/oligocene/oligocene.htm
More information.

Ordovician
http://palaeos.com/paleozoic/ordovician/ordovician.htm
More information.

P  Top

Palaeocene
http://palaeos.com/cenozoic/paleocene/paleocene.htm
More about the Palaeocene.

palaeogeography
http://www.geologyshop.co.uk/palaeo~1.htm
An introduction to palaeogeography.

Palaeozoic
http://palaeos.com/paleozoic/
More about the Palaeozoic.

penetrance
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/Phenotype-Variabili...
More about penetrance and expressivity.

Permian
http://palaeos.com/paleozoic/permian/permian.htm
More about the Permian.

Peru Current
http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/ecoregions/humboldt_cur...
More information.

plant strategies
http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys...
more information

plastachron index
http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1991/A1991EU129000...
The original 1991 paper explaining the concept.

Pleistocene
http://palaeos.com/quaternary/pleistocene.htm
More about the Pleistocene.

Pliocene
http://palaeos.com/cenozoic/pliocene/pliocene.htm
More about the Pliocene.

Poisson distribution
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PoissonDistribution.html
The mathematics explained.

pollen analysis
http://www.botany.unibe.ch/paleo/pollen_e/index.htm
A detailed introduction to pollen analysis.

pollen diagram
http://www.museum.state.il.us/muslink/forest/htmls/popups/an...
Illustration and explanation of a pollen diagram.

population viability analysis
http://www.ramas.com/pva.htm
An introduction to PVA.

potential evapotranspiration
http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8j.html
Global values and method of compilation.

principal components analysis
http://www.cs.otago.ac.nz/cosc453/student_tutorials/principa...
Detailed explanation of the technique.

Proterozoic
http://palaeos.com/proterozoic/proterozoic.htm
More about the Proterozoic.

pulse labelling
http://biology.duke.edu/bio265/ajm21/isotopes.html
Laboratory procedure explained.

R  Top

radiosonde
http://www.aos.wisc.edu/~hopkins/wx-inst/wxi-raob.htm
Radiosondes and their balloons described in detail.

Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat
http://www.ramsar.org/
Ramsar Convention website.

reciprocal averaging
http://ordination.okstate.edu/CA.htm
The method explained in detail.

ring species
http://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/irwin.html
More about ring species, and other examples.

river continuum concept
http://www.wasserkluster-lunz.ac.at/kainz/files/Vannote_et_a...
Vannote et al. original paper.

S  Top

Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutsshs.shtml
Details of the revised scale.

scatter diagram
http://qualityamerica.com/Knowledgecenter/qualityimprovement...
More information.

selfish herd
http://www.animalbehavioronline.com/selfishherd.html
More information.

sexual selection
http://www.evolution.unibas.ch/teaching/entstehung_des_leben...
More detailed explanation.

Shelford's law of tolerance
http://departments.juniata.edu/biology/eco/documents/Day_eta...
More information.

Silurian
http://palaeos.com/paleozoic/silurian/silurian.htm
More about the Silurian.

SOFAR channel
http://www.dosits.org/science/sndmoves/4c.htm
More information.

soil classification
http://soils.gsfc.nasa.gov/
More information, with links to US, FAO, and many national classifications.

sonication
http://www.opsdiagnostics.com/notes/ranpri/rpsonication101.htm
More about sonication and pollination.

SPOT (Système Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre)
http://eoedu.belspo.be/en/satellites/spot.htm
Detailed information.

stand table
http://fennerschool-associated.anu.edu.au/mensuration/s_table.htm
More information.

statistical significance
http://pareonline.net/getvn.asp?v=4&n=5
More information.

stratified random sample
http://www.stat.ualberta.ca/~prasad/361/STRATIFIED%20RANDOM%...
More information.

T  Top

t-distribution
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Studentst-Distribution.html
More detailed information.

Tethys Sea
http://palaeos.com/earth/paleogeography/tethys.htm
More information.

Thiessen polygons
http://www.ian-ko.com/ET_GeoWizards/UserGuide/thiessenPolygo...
More detailed information.

trend surface analysis
https://www.gigawiz.com/trend1.html
More information.

Triassic
http://palaeos.com/mesozoic/triassic/triassic.htm
More about the Triassic.

V  Top

vegetation index
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/MeasuringVegetation/
More information.

Venice system
http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_3/issue_3/0346.pdf
More information.

Vestimentifera
http://www.answers.com/topic/vestimentifera-hydrothermal-ven...
Detailed description of the Vestimentifera.

von Karman-Prandtl equation
http://www2.ocean.washington.edu/oc540/lec02-24/
Detailed explanation.

W  Top

Winkler method
http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/research_methods/enviro...
The procedure explained.