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Medieval Popes and Antipopes

Source:
The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages

Medieval Popes and Antipopes

An asterisk indicates a dictionary entry.

The medieval popes are grouped under the title of ‘Pope’, for example, ‘Pope Leo I (“the Great”) (440–61)’.

Antipopes are indicated by square brackets [ ]. Those with entries can be found in the dictionary alphabetically under their name without papal designation. ‘Pope Joan’ is the only exception.

The following list, with a few additions and changes, is derived from ‘Popes and Antipopes, Chronological List of’, The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, ed. F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (2005).

440–61

*Leo I

461–8

Hilarus

468–83

Simplicius

483–92

Felix III (II)

492–6

*Gelasius I

496–8

Anastasius II

498–514

Symmachus

[498–9, 501–6

Laurentius]

514–23

Hormisdas

523–6

John I

526–30

Felix IV (III)

530–2

Boniface II

[530

Dioscorus]

533–5

John II

535–6

Agapetus I

536–7

Silverius

537–55

Vigilius

556–61

Pelagius I

561–74

John III

575–9

Benedict I

579–90

Pelagius II

590–604

*Gregory I

604–6

Sabinianus

607

Boniface III

608–15

Boniface IV

615–18

Deusdedit or Adeodatus I

619–25

Boniface V

625–38

Honorius I

640

Severinus

640–2

John IV

642–9

Theodore I

649–53

Martin I1

654–7

Eugenius I

657–72

Vitalian

672–6

Adeodatus II

676–8

Donus

678–81

*Agatho

682–3

Leo II

684–5

Benedict II

685–6

John V

686–7

Cono

[687

Theodore]

[687

Paschal]

687–701

Sergius I

701–5

John VI

705–7

John VII

708

Sisinnius

708–15

Constantine

715–31

Gregory II

731–41

Gregory III

741–52

Zacharias

752

Stephen II

752–7

Stephen II (III)

757–67

Paul I

[767–8/9

Constantine]

[768

Philip]

768–72

Stephen III (IV)

772–95

*Hadrian I

795–816

Leo III

816–17

Stephen V

817–24

*Paschal I

824–7

Eugenius II

827

Valentine

827–44

Gregory IV

844–7

Sergius II

[844

John]

847–55

*Leo IV

855–8

Benedict III

[855

*Anastasius Bibliothecarius]

[855–8

*Pope Joan]

858–67

*Nicholas I

867–72

Hadrian II

872–82

John VIII

882–4

Marinus I

884–5

Hadrian III

885–91

Stephen VI

891–6

Formosus

896

Boniface VI

896–7

Stephen VII

897

Romanus

897

Theodore II

898–900

John IX

900–3

Benedict IV

903

Leo V

[903–4

Christopher]

904–11

Sergius III

911–13

Anastasius III

913–14

Lando

914–28

John X

928

Leo VI

928–31

Stephen VIII

931–5

John XI

936–9

Leo VII

939–42

Stephen IX

942–6

Marinus II

946–55

Agapetus II

955–64

John XII

963–5

Leo VIII2

964

Benedict V

965–72

John XIII

973–4

Benedict VI

[974, 984–5

Boniface VII]

974–83

Benedict VII

983–4

John XIV

985–96

John XV

996–9

Gregory V

[997–8

John XVI]

999–1003

*Silvester II

1003

John XVII

1003/4–9

John XVIII

1009–12

Sergius IV

1012–24

Benedict VIII

[1012

Gregory]

1024–32

John XIX

1032–44

Benedict IX

1045

Silvester III

1045

Benedict IX [for the second time]

1045–6

Gregory VI

1046–7

Clement II

1047–8

Benedict IX [for the third time]

1048

Damasus II

1049–54

*Leo IX

1055–7

Victor II

1057–8

Stephen X

[1058–9

Benedict X]

1058/9–61

Nicholas II

1061–73

*Alexander II

[1061–4

*Cadalus (Cadelo, Honorius II)]

1073–85

*Gregory VII

[1080, 1084–1100

Clement III]

1086–7

Victor III

1088–99

*Urban II

1099–1118

Paschal II

[1100–1

Theodoric]

[1101

Albert]

[1105–11

Silvester IV]

1118–19

Gelasius II

[1118–21

Gregory VIII]

1119–24

*Calixtus II

1124–30

Honorius II

[1124

Celestine II]

1130–43

Innocent II

[1130–8

*Anacletus II]

[1138

Victor IV]

1143–4

Celestine II

1144–5

Lucius II

1145–53

*Eugenius III

1153–4

Anastasius IV

1154–9

*Hadrian IV

1159–81

*Alexander III

[1159–64

Victor IV3]

[1164–8

Paschal III]

[1168–78

Calixtus III]

[1179–80

Innocent III]

1181–5

Lucius III

1185–7

Urban III

1187

Gregory VIII

1187–91

Clement III

1191–8

Celestine III

1198–1216

*Innocent III

1216–27

*Honorius III

1227–41

*Gregory IX

1241

Celestine IV

1243–54

*Innocent IV

1254–61

*Alexander IV

1261–4

Urban IV

1265–8

*Clement IV

1271–6

Gregory X

1276

Innocent V

1276

Hadrian V

1276–7

John XXI4

1277–80

Nicholas III

1281–5

Martin IV

1285–7

Honorius IV

1288–92

Nicholas IV

1294

*Celestine V

1294–1303

*Boniface VIII

1303–4

Benedict XI

1305–14

*Clement V

1316–34

*John XXII

[1328–30

Nicholas V]

1334–42

*Benedict XII

1342–52

*Clement VI

1352–62

Innocent VI

1362–70

Urban V

1370–8

Gregory XI

1378–89

*Urban VI

[1378–94

*Clement VII]

1389–1404

Boniface IX

[1394–1417

Benedict XIII]

1404–6

Innocent VII

1406–15

Gregory XII

[1409–10

Alexander V]

[1410–15

*John XXIII]

1417–31

*Martin V

[1423–9

Clement VIII]

[1425–30

Benedict XIV]

1431–47

*Eugenius IV

[1439–49

*Felix V]

1447–55

Nicholas V

1455–8

Calixtus III

1458–64

*Pius II

1464–71

Paul II

1471–84

Sixtus IV

1484–92

Innocent VIII

1492–1503

*Alexander VI

1 After Martin’s banishment his successor was elected and consecrated.

2 His pontificate is dated from the deposition of his predecessor, but its legitimacy is contested.

3 No account was taken of the previous antipope, who had resisted for a very short time.

4 No Pope bearing the name of John XX ever existed.