Update
The Oxford Biblical Studies Online and Oxford Islamic Studies Online have retired. Content you previously purchased on Oxford Biblical Studies Online or Oxford Islamic Studies Online has now moved to Oxford Reference, Oxford Handbooks Online, Oxford Scholarship Online, or What Everyone Needs to Know®. For information on how to continue to view articles visit the subscriber services page.
Dismiss
Show Summary Details

Page of

PRINTED FROM OXFORD REFERENCE (www.oxfordreference.com). (c) Copyright Oxford University Press, 2023. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single entry from a reference work in OR for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice).

date: 24 September 2023

Malcolm X 1925–65
American civil rights campaigner 

  1. The white man was created a devil, to bring chaos upon this earth.
    speech, 1953; Malcolm X with Alex Haley The Autobiography of Malcolm X (1965); see Fard
  2. If you're born in America with a black skin, you're born in prison.
    in an interview, June 1963
  3. You can't separate peace from freedom because no one can be at peace unless he has his freedom.
    speech in New York, 7 January 1965, Malcolm X Speaks (1965)