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date: 13 September 2024

G. W. F. Hegel 1770–1831
German idealist philosopher. See also Marx 

  1. What experience and history teach is this—that nations and governments have never learned anything from history, or acted upon any lessons they might have drawn from it.
    Lectures on the Philosophy of World History: Introduction (1830, tr. H. B. Nisbet, 1975) introduction
  2. Only in the state does man have a rational existence…Man owes his entire existence to the state, and has his being within it alone. Whatever worth and spiritual reality he possesses are his solely by virtue of the state.
    Lectures on the Philosophy of World History: Introduction (1830, tr. H. B. Nisbet, 1975)
  3. What is rational is actual and what is actual is rational.
    Philosophy of Right (1821, tr. T. M. Knox, 1952)
  4. When philosophy paints its grey on grey, then has a shape of life grown old. By philosophy's grey on grey it cannot be rejuvenated but only understood. The owl of Minerva spreads its wings only with the falling of the dusk.
    Philosophy of Right (1821, tr. T. M. Knox, 1952)