English Civil War

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Timeline: English Civil War

Years: 1625 - 1661	Subject: History, Military History
Publisher: HistoryWorld	Online Publication Date: 2012
Current online version: 2012	eISBN: 9780191737787

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BCE CE

Year	Event
1625	The English parliament attempts to clip the wings of the new king, Charles I, by placing an annual limit on his power to raise taxes Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles British monarchs - from 1066 Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1626	Charles I frustrates the English parliament's restrictions by raising taxes without summoning parliament for renewed approval Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain
1628	The English parliament's Petition of Right emphasizes the right of the citizen to be protected from royal tyranny Go to Petition of Right (1628) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Persecution and repression War British Isles British monarchs - from 1066 Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1629	Charles I dismisses his parliament in Westminster, and fails to summon another in the following eleven years Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain
1634	Charles I demands ship money to increase his revenue, albeit in the absence of its conventional justification - a crisis of national defence Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles British monarchs - from 1066 Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1636	John Hampden refuses to pay ship money to Charles I, beginning a campaign that gradually wins wide support Go to Hampden, John (1594–1643) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Protest and rebellion War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain
1637	Charles I and his archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud, attempt to impose the full Anglican hierarchy on presbyterian Scotland Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Religion Christianity War Scotland British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain
1638	A National Covenant, first signed in an Edinburgh churchyard, commits the Covenanters to oppose Charles I's reforms of the Church of Scotland Go to Covenanters in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Reformation Britain 1500-1750 Politics Protest and rebellion Religion Christianity War Scotland British Isles British monarchs - from 1066 Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain Riots erupt in Edinburgh, in response to the attempt by Charles I and Laud to impose a hierarchy of Anglican bishops Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Protest and rebellion Religion Christianity War Scotland British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain
1639	The finances of the English king, Charles I, are in crisis, with his agents able to collect each year only a fraction of his demands Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain Covenanters seize control of Edinburgh and other Scottish towns, launching the conflict with England known as the Bishops' War Go to Covenanters in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Protest and rebellion War Scotland British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain
1640	In need of funds for the Bishops' War in Scotland, Charles I summons parliament to Westminster Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War Scotland British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain Parliament denies Charles I's request for funds and is dismissed after three weeks (the Short Parliament) Go to Short Parliament (May 1640) in The Oxford Companion to British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain Charles I's financial crisis causes him to summon another parliament to Westminster (the Long Parliament, not dissolved until 1660) Go to Long Parliament (1640–60) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain The new parliament immediately impeaches Charles I's two closest advisers, the earl of Strafford and archbishop William Laud Go to Long Parliament (1640–60) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain
c. 1641	Cavalier is now in use as a term of abuse for supporters of the royal cause Go to cavalier in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles British monarchs - from 1066 Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain Roundhead is now in use as a term of abuse for supporters of parliament Go to Roundhead noun in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles British monarchs - from 1066 Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain Under pressure from parliament, Charles I signs the death warrant of his most powerful supporter, the earl of Strafford Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles British monarchs - from 1066 Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain Parliament presents Charles I with the Grand Remonstrance, a long list of grievances against his conduct of the realm Go to Grand Remonstrance (1641) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain
1642	Charles I comes in person to the House of Commons, but fails in his attempt to arrest the Five Members whom he accuses of treason Go to five members (1642) in The Oxford Companion to British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles British monarchs - from 1066 Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain Charles I leaves London and heads for the north of England, where his support is the strongest Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain Henrietta Maria, the wife of Charles I, travels to Holland, taking with her the English crown jewels Go to Henrietta Maria in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain Parliament sends Charles I a list of political demands, the Nineteen Propositions, which it would be impossible for him to accept Go to Nineteen Propositions in The Oxford Companion to British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain Charles I, at Nottingham, raises the royal standard - signalling that he considers himself at war Go to English Civil War (1642–49) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain Charles I leads his army into action at Edgehill - the first, but inconclusive, battle in the English Civil War Go to English Civil War (1642–49) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 War Battles British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain Charles I marches to within a few miles of Westminster (to Turnham Green), but withdraws without engaging the enemy Go to English Civil War (1642–49) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain Charles I withdraws to Oxford, where he establishes his court for the rest of the war Go to English Civil War (1642–49) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain
1644	In the first decisive battle of the English Civil War the king's nephew, Rupert of the Rhine, is heavily defeated at Marston Moor Go to English Civil War (1642–49) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 War Battles British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain
1645	Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell form England's first professional army, calling it the New Model Army Go to New Model Army in The Oxford Companion to British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain The royalist forces, again under the command of Rupert of the Rhine, suffer another major defeat at Naseby Go to English Civil War (1642–49) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 War Battles British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain
1646	With a parliamentary army surrounding royalist Oxford, Charles I escapes in disguise and heads north Go to English Civil War (1642–49) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain Charles I puts himself in the hands of a Scottish army, opposed at the time to the English parliament Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain
1647	The Scottish army holding Charles I makes peace with parliament, and hands the king to parliamentary commissioners Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 War Scotland British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain Charles I is held at his palace of Hampton Court, as a prisoner of Cromwell and parliament Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain Charles I comes to a secret arrangement with a group of Covenanters in Scotland, winning their support Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War Scotland British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain
1648	Scottish Covenanters invade England in support of the English king, Charles I, in his struggle against parliament Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 War Scotland British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain Parliamentary forces defeat the Scottish invaders and suppress other new outbreaks of royalist support Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 War Scotland British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain Colonel Thomas Pride denies entrance to the House of Commons to about 140 opponents of Cromwell's policies Go to Pride's Purge in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain
1649	Cromwell persuades the House of Commons, purged now of all opposition, that it is treason for a king to wage war against parliament Go to Cromwell, Oliver (1599–1658) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain Charles I, brought to trial before 135 commissioners in Westminster Hall, refuses to recognise the court's validity Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain After a trial lasting a week in Westminster Hall, Charles I is convicted of treason for fighting a war against parliament Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles British monarchs - from 1066 Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain Charles I is beheaded on a scaffold erected in the street in London's Whitehall Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles British monarchs - from 1066 Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain Charles II, in the Hague, inherits the English and Scottish thrones of his executed father, Charles I Go to Charles II (1630–85) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty War Scotland British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain Parliament in London abolishes the monarchy in England, as 'unnecessary, burdensome, and dangerous' Go to Rump Parliament in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain Parliament chooses Oliver Cromwell to chair the new English Commonwealth's council of state Go to Cromwell, Oliver (1599–1658) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles British monarchs - from 1066 Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1651	Charles II returns to Scotland and is crowned king of Scots in the traditional manner at Scone Go to Charles II (1630–85) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty War Scotland British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain Charles II is defeated by Cromwell at Worcester and escapes in disguise to France Go to Charles II (1630–85) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 War Battles British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain
1653	Cromwell is appointed Lord Protector of the Commonwealth for life, under legislation entitled the Instrument of Government Go to Cromwell, Oliver (1599–1658) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles British monarchs - from 1066 Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1658	Cromwell dies after naming his son Richard to succeed him in the office of Lord Protector Go to Cromwell, Richard (1626–1712) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles British monarchs - from 1066 Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1659	The ineffective Richard Cromwell goes into voluntary retirement, an event linked to the strong possibility of a military coup Go to Cromwell, Richard (1626–1712) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain
1660	General George Monck marches south from Scotland to London, to intervene in England's unresolved political crisis Go to Monck, George, 1st Duke of Albemarle (1608–70) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War Scotland British Isles British monarchs - from 1066 Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain Monck, reaching London, dissolves the Long Parliament and convenes a new one Go to Monck, George, 1st Duke of Albemarle (1608–70) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain Monck persuades Charles II to sign, at Breda in Holland, a declaration of policies to heal the wounds of the Civil War Go to Monck, George, 1st Duke of Albemarle (1608–70) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain The new Convention Parliament in Westminster invites Charles II to return as king Go to Convention Parliaments in The Oxford Companion to British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain Charles II lands at Dover and is given a warm welcome in London four days later Go to Charles II (1630–85) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles British monarchs - from 1066 Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain The Act of Indemnity, pardoning all offences since 1637 except those of the regicides, is given the royal assent Go to Indemnity and Oblivion, Act of (1660) in The Oxford Companion to British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain
1661	The body of Oliver Cromwell is hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn Go to Cromwell, Oliver (1599–1658) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles Europe Wars and Revolutions Britain

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date: 20 January 2025

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