British monarchs - from 1066: 1066 - 2002

Print
Save
Cite
Email this content

Share Link

Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend
Email this content
or copy the link directly:

https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191737695.timeline.0001?p=emailA/o9zxrvomanc&d=/10.1093/acref/9780191737695.timeline.0001
The link was not copied. Your current browser may not support copying via this button.

Link copied successfully

Timeline: British monarchs - from 1066

Years: 1066 - 2002	Subject: Social sciences, Politics
Publisher: HistoryWorld	Online Publication Date: 2012
Current online version: 2012	eISBN: 9780191737695

Jump to a year:

BCE CE

Year	Event
1066	On his death bed in Westminster, Edward the Confessor designates Harold - foremost among England's barons - as his successor Go to Frederick II (1194–1250) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 11th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Edward the Confessor is buried in his new abbey church at Westminster, consecrated only the previous week Go to Westminster Abbey in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 11th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain On the day of Edward's burial, Harold is crowned king - almost certainly in the same abbey church at Westminster Go to Harold II (c. 1022–66) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 11th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Harold defeats at Stamford Bridge the joint army of his brother Tostig and of the Norwegian king, Harald Hardraade Go to Stamford Bridge, battle of (1066) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 11th century War Battles British Isles Europe Norway Rulers and politicians Britain The Normans, as seen in the Bayeux tapestry, invade England in Viking longships with fortified platforms for archers Go to Bayeux Tapestry in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 11th century Politics Conquest and colonization War British Isles Europe France Rulers and politicians Britain Harold, hurrying south to confront the Normans after his victory at Stamford Bridge, is defeated and killed at Hastings Go to Harold II (c. 1022–66) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 11th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Battles British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain William the Conqueror is crowned on Christmas Day at Westminster - giving the new abbey church two coronations and a royal funeral in its first year Go to William I (1028–87) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 11th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1087	On the death of his father, William the Conqueror, William II becomes king of England Go to William II (c. 1056–1100) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 11th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1100	On the death of his brother, William II, Henry I becomes king of England Go to Henry I (b. 1068) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 11th century 12th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1120	The White Ship strikes a rock off the Cherbourg peninsula drowning William the Aetheling, heir to the English throne Go to White Ship in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 12th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1135	On the death of Henry I, his nephew Stephen moves quickly to keep Henry's daughter Matilda off the English throne Go to Stephen , king of England (c.1097–1154) in The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 12th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
c. 1136	Walter FitzAlan takes a post as steward with the Scottish king, thus establishing the Stewart family and later dynasty Go to Stuart, house of in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 12th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1154	Henry II, coming to the throne of England, is king or feudal overlord of an unbroken swathe of territory from the Tweed to the Pyrenees Go to Henry II (1133–89) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 12th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe France Rulers and politicians Britain
1162	Thomas Becket, Lord Chancellor to Henry II, is forced by the king to accept the vacant post of archbishop of Canterbury Go to Becket, Thomas (c. 1120–70) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 12th century Politics British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1164	Thomas Becket, having offended the king by his firm stand as archbishop of Canterbury, flees to a monastery near Paris Go to Becket, Thomas (c. 1120–70) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 12th century Politics British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
c. 1170	The English exchequer grows in importance under Henry II, taking its name from the table on which financial calculations are made Go to Exchequer in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 12th century Politics British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Henry II arranges for the archbishop of York to crown his son, the 'Young King', as a joint ruler Go to Henry, the Young King (1155–83) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 12th century Politics British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Thomas Becket, in France, suspends the English bishops who have participated in the coronation of the 'Young King' Go to Becket, Thomas (c. 1120–70) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 12th century Politics British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain After an apparent reconciliation with Henry II, Thomas Becket leaves France and returns to Canterbury Go to Becket, Thomas (c. 1120–70) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 12th century Politics British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Four knights, acting on an unguarded hint from Henry II, murder Thomas Becket on December 29 in his cathedral at Canterbury Go to Becket, St Thomas (?1120–70) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 12th century Politics British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1171	The English king, Henry II, acknowledges Rhys ap Gruffydd as the lord of south Wales Go to Rhys ap Gruffydd (1132–97) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 12th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Wales British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1174	The Scottish king, William the Lion, is captured raiding into Northumberland and is taken south with his feet tied beneath his horse Go to William I (1143–1214) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 12th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1189	The English king Henry II is succeeded by his third son as Richard I Go to Richard I (b. 8 Sept. 1157) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 12th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1190	A year after succeeding to the throne of England, Richard I sets off east as one of the leaders of the third crusade Go to Crusades in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Crusades Britain 1066-1500 12th century Politics Conquest and colonization Dynasties and royalty Religion Christianity British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1192	Richard I, returning from the Holy Land in disguise, is recognized in an inn near Vienna and is imprisoned until England pays a massive ransom Go to Richard I (b. 8 Sept. 1157) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 12th century Politics Conquest and colonization Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Austria Rulers and politicians Britain
1199	On the death of his brother, Richard I, John becomes king of England Go to John (1167–1216) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 12th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1215	John, the king of England, fixes his seal to Magna Carta, which the barons place before him in a meadow called Runnymede Go to Magna Carta in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 13th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1216	On the death of his father, King John, Henry III becomes king of England Go to Henry III (1207–72) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 13th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
c. 1220	Llewellyn ap Iorwerth acquires such authority over other Welsh chieftains that he is informally referred to as the prince of Wales Go to prince of Wales in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 13th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Wales British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1225	Magna Carta is reissued slightly modified when Henry III comes of age; in the version which becomes enshrined in English law Go to Henry III (b. 1 Oct. 1207) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 13th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1258	Henry III accepts severe curtailment of his powers in the Provisions of Oxford, but then asks the pope to absolve him from his oath Go to Henry III (1207–72) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 13th century Politics Papacy British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1264	Simon de Montfort, leading the barons in rebellion, captures Henry III and his son Edward at Lewes Go to Montfort, Simon de, Earl of Leicester (c. 1208–65) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 13th century Politics Protest and rebellion Battles British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1265	Prince Edward, escaping from captivity, defeats and kills Simon de Montfort at Evesham Go to Montfort, Simon de, Earl of Leicester (c. 1208–65) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 13th century Politics Protest and rebellion Battles British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1267	In a treaty agreed at Shrewsbury, the English king Henry III acknowledges Llewellyn ap Gruffydd as the prince of Wales Go to prince of Wales in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 13th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Wales British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1272	Edward I is in Sicily when he becomes king of England, on the death of his father, Henry III Go to Edward I (b. 18 June 1239) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 13th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Sicily Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1282	An uprising by Llewellyn ap Gruffydd, the prince of Wales, ends with his own death and the subjugation of Wales by the king of England, Edward I Go to Edward I (b. 18 June 1239) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 13th century Politics Conquest and colonization Dynasties and royalty War Wales British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1283	Edward I begins a series of powerful castles - Harlech, Caernarfon and Conwy in this year alone - to subdue the Welsh Go to Harlech castle in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 13th century Politics Conquest and colonization Wales British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1289	Edward I of England arranges for his 5-year-old heir to marry Margaret the Maid of Norway, the 7-year-old heiress to the kingdom of Scotland Go to Margaret, Maid of Norway (c. 1283–90) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 13th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Norway Rulers and politicians Britain
1290	The death of Margaret, child heiress to the Scottish throne, results in John de Balliol being chosen as king Go to John Balliol (b. c.1250) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 13th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1295	The parliament summoned by Edward I in Westminster Hall is later seen as a 'model' for the breadth of its representation Go to Edward I (b. 18 June 1239) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 13th century Politics Democracy and dissent British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1296	Edward I invades Scotland, massacres the people of Berwick, captures John de Balliol and brings to Westminster the Stone of Scone Go to Scone, stone of in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 13th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1297	William Wallace's victory over the English at Stirling Bridge enables him to rule Scotland on behalf of John de Balliol Go to Wallace, William (d. 1305) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 13th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Battles Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1301	Edward I, conqueror of Wales, bestows the cherished title 'prince of Wales' on his own heir, the future Edward II Go to prince of Wales in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 14th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Wales British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1306	After the murder of his rival, in a church in Dumfries, Robert de Bruce is crowned king of Scots at Scone Go to Robert I (‘the Bruce’) (b. 11 July 1274) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 14th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Terrorism and assassination Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1307	The English king Edward I dies campaigning near Carlisle, on an expedition north against his Scottish rival Robert the Bruce Go to Edward I (b. 18 June 1239) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 14th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain On the death of his father, Edward I, Edward II becomes king of England Go to miniature painting in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 14th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1314	After years of guerrilla warfare, Robert de Bruce defeats the English conclusively at Bannockburn - and becomes at last secure in his kingdom Go to Robert I (‘the Bruce’) (b. 11 July 1274) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 14th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Battles Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1326	Edward II is captured and imprisoned by his queen, Isabella, and her lover, Mortimer Go to miniature painting in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 14th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1327	Isabella forces Edward II to renounce the English throne in favour of their 15-year-old son, Edward III Go to Bruce, Edward (d. 1318) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 14th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Edward II, imprisoned by his wife and her lover, dies in Berkeley castle - almost certainly the victim of murder Go to miniature painting in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 14th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1328	The English finally accept a treaty, in Edinburgh, declaring that Robert de Bruce is king of a Scotland 'free and divided from the kingdom of England' Go to Bruce, Robert (1210–95) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 14th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1329	On the death of his father, Robert the Bruce, David II becomes king of Scotland Go to David II (1324–71) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 14th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1337	Philip VI of France confiscates Guienne, a fief belonging to Edward III of England - whose response begins the Hundred Years' War Go to Hundred Years War in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Hundred Years' War Britain 1066-1500 14th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles Europe France Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1340	Edward III, in Ghent, publicly assumes the title and the arms of the king of France Go to Bruce, Edward (d. 1318) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Hundred Years' War Britain 1066-1500 14th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles Europe France Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1371	On the death of his uncle, David II, Robert Stewart becomes king of Scotland as Robert II Go to Robert II (1316–90) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 14th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1377	10-year-old Richard II follows his grandfather, Edward III, on the English throne Go to Richard II (1367–1400) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 14th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1381	A poll tax imposed in England provokes widespread unrest, which flares up in the Peasants' Revolt Go to Peasants' Revolt in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 14th century Politics Protest and rebellion British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Wat Tyler, leader of the Kentish rebels, meets Richard II at Smithfield - before being struck and wounded by the Lord Mayor of London Go to Tyler, Wat (d. 1381) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 14th century Politics Protest and rebellion British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1390	On the death of his father, Robert II, Robert III becomes king of Scotland Go to Robert III (c. 1337–1406) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 14th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1398	A dangerous feud develops between two of England's most powerful barons, Henry of Bolingbroke (son of John of Gaunt) and Thomas de Mowbray Go to Henry IV (1366–1413) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 14th century Politics Protest and rebellion British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Richard II banishes Thomas de Mowbray for life and Henry of Bolingbroke for ten years Go to Richard II (1367–1400) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 14th century Politics Protest and rebellion British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1399	John of Gaunt dies and Richard II denies Henry of Bolingbroke his Lancastrian inheritance, declaring Gaunt's vast estates forfeit to the crown Go to John of Gaunt (b. Mar. 1340) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 14th century Politics Protest and rebellion British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Henry of Bolingbroke returns to England to lead an armed rebellion against his cousin the king Go to Henry IV (1366–1413) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 14th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Richard II surrenders at Conwy to the forces led by Henry of Bolingbroke Go to Richard II (1367–1400) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 14th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Richard II is deposed by parliament and Boliingbroke is proclaimed king of England, as Henry IV, introducing the royal house of Lancaster Go to Henry IV (1366–1413) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 14th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Richard II cedes his crown to Bolingbroke, as Henry IV, and a few months later dies in Pontefract castle - probably starved to death Go to Richard II (1367–1400) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 14th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1400	Richard II dies in Pontefract castle, almost certainly starved to death on the orders of the new king - insecure on his throne as an undeniable usurper Go to Richard II (1367–1400) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 14th century 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain The Welsh rise against the English and proclaim Owain Glyn Dwr as their own prince of Wales Go to Owain Glyn Dwr (b. c.1359) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 14th century 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Protest and rebellion Wales British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1404	Owain Glyn Dwr captures Aberystwyth and Harlech from the English and sets up an independent Welsh administration Go to Owain Glyn Dwr (b. c.1359) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Wales British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1406	On the death of his father, Robert III, James I becomes king of Scotland Go to James I (b. 25 July 1394) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1408	Driven from Aberystwyth and Harlech, Owain Glyn Dwr loses support - and the last Welsh rebellion fades away Go to Owain Glyn Dwr (b. c.1359) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Protest and rebellion Wales British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1413	Henry V succeeds his father, Henry IV, as king of England Go to Henry V (b. 16 Sept. 1387) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Hundred Years' War Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1420	The treaty of Troyes, between the English and the Burgundian faction, grants Henry V the status of heir to the French throne Go to Troyes, treaty of (1420) in The Oxford Companion to British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Hundred Years' War Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles Europe France Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain Henry V marries Catherine, daughter of the French king and sister of the rightful heir to the kingdom, the dauphin, who is on the opposing side Go to Henry V (b. 16 Sept. 1387) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Hundred Years' War Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles Europe France Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1422	Henry VI, son of Henry V and Catherine of France, is king of England and theoretically king of France before his first birthday Go to Henry VI (b. 6 Dec. 1421) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Hundred Years' War Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles Europe France Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1437	On the death of his father, James I, James II becomes king of Scotland Go to James II (b. 10 Oct. 1430) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1455	An engagement at St Albans is the first battle in the 30-year struggle between the white and red roses of York and Lancaster Go to Wars of the Roses in The Oxford Dictionary of Local and Family History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Battles British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1460	On the death of his father, James II, James III becomes king of Scotland Go to James III (b. May 1452) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1461	The first success in the Wars of the Roses goes to the white rose, with the Yorkist prince crowned as Edward IV Go to Edward IV (1442–83) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Henry VI flees to Scotland, abandoning the kingdom to the usurping Edward IV Go to Henry VI (1421–71) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1469	The Orkneys and Shetlands come into the possession of James III of Scotland with the dowry of Margaret of Denmark Go to Margaret of Denmark (b. c.1457) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Denmark Rulers and politicians Britain
1475	Edward IV, landing at Calais with a large army, is bought off at Picquigny with a bribe - ending his attempt to revive the Hundred Years' War Go to Edward IV (1442–83) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Hundred Years' War Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics War British Isles Europe France Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1483	The English king Edward IV dies and his succeeded by his 12-year-old son as Edward V Go to Edward V (b. 2 Nov. 1470) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain The two royal princes, Edward V and his younger brother, are confined in the Tower of London by their uncle - soon to be Richard III Go to Richard III (1452–85) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Richard III has himself proclaimed king by a parliament held at Westminster, and begins a short reign of only two years Go to Richard III (1452–85) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1485	Henry Tudor kills Richard III at Bosworth Field and takes the crown as Henry VII Go to Henry VII (1457–1509) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Battles British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1486	Henry VII, whose mother is Lancastrian, marries the Yorkist heiress Elizabeth and thus unites the roses - in the Tudor rose Go to Tudor in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1488	On the death of his father, James III, James IV becomes king of Scotland Go to James IV (1473–1513) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1491	The king of France is among those supporting Perkin Warbeck, supposedly a prince from the Tower, in his attempt on the English throne Go to Perkin Warbeck (b. 1474) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics Protest and rebellion British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1499	After three feeble attempts to invade England, Perkin Warbeck is captured by Henry VII (in 1497) and is hanged at Tyburn Go to Perkin Warbeck (b. 1474) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 15th century Politics Protest and rebellion British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1503	The marriage of James IV, king of Scotland, to Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII, leads a century later to the Union of the Crowns Go to James IV (b. 17 Mar. 1473) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1509	On the death of his father, and as the result of the death of his elder brother Arthur, Henry VIII becomes king of England Go to Henry VIII (1491–1547) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1513	James IV of Scotland dies at Flodden, in the disastrous defeat of his army by the English Go to James IV (b. 17 Mar. 1473) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty War Battles Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain On the death of his father at Flodden, the one-year-old James V becomes king of Scotland Go to James V (b. 10 Apr. 1512) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1514	Thomas Wolsey begins to build himself a palace at Hampton Court, but will later consider it politic to give it to Henry VIII Go to Hampton Court palace in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Architecture British architecture Politics British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1516	Catherine of Aragon gives birth to a daughter, Mary, who becomes the only one of her six children to live beyond infancy Go to Catherine of Aragon (1485–1536) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1528	Discussion of Henry VIII's proposed divorce hinges on rival verses from the Old Testament, in Deuteronomy and Leviticus Go to Henry VIII (1491–1547) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Reformation Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Religion Christianity Judaism British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain In a desperate attempt to retain royal favour, when suspected by the king of opposing his divorce, Cardinal Wolsey gives his spectacular Hampton Court Palace to Henry VIII Go to Wolsey, Thomas (c. 1474–1530) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1529	After the fall of Wolsey, Henry VIII appoints Thomas More as his Lord Chancellor Go to More, Sir Thomas (1478–1535) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1533	Thomas Cranmer, the archbishop of Canterbury, declares Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon null and void Go to Cranmer, Thomas (1489–1556) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Reformation Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Anne Boleyn has a child (the future Elizabeth I) but not of the sex her husband wanted Go to Elizabeth I (1533–1603) in The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1534	Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy forces prominent figures in English public life to accept him on oath as head of the Church of England Go to Church of England in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Reformation Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Religion Christianity British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1535	Thomas More refuses to take the oath accepting the Act of Supremacy and is beheaded Go to More, Thomas (1477) in The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1536	Henry VIII begins the process of gathering in the wealth of England's monasteries Go to Henry VIII (1491–1547) in The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Reformation Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Religion Christianity British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Wales is merged within the English kingdom as a principality Go to Wales, principality of in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Wales British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Henry VIII's queen, Anne Boleyn, is beheaded in the Tower of London on unsubstantiated charges of adultery Go to Anne Boleyn (b. c.1501) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1537	Jane Seymour gives birth to Henry VIII's long-awaited male heir (the future Edward VI) Go to Edward VI (b. 12 Oct. 1537) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Jane Seymour dies twelve days after giving birth to Henry VIII's heir, the future Edward VI Go to Jane Seymour (b. c.1509) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1542	A one-week-old Scottish infant, daughter of James V, inherits the throne as Mary Queen of Scots Go to Mary, Queen of Scots (1542–87) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1547	On the death of Henry VIII his 10-year-old son becomes king of England as Edward VI Go to Edward VI (b. 12 Oct. 1537) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1553	Mary I succeeds to the English throne, and devotes her energies to the restoration of the Catholic faith Go to Mary I (1516–58) in The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Reformation Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Religion Christianity British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1554	Mary I causes grave offence in England by her marriage to the Catholic heir to the king of Spain Go to Philip II (1527–98) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Religion Christianity British Isles Europe Spain Rulers and politicians Britain
1555	The Protestant martyrs, though few in number, ensure the reputation of Bloody Mary in English history Go to Mary I (1516–58) in The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Reformation Britain 1500-1750 Politics Persecution and repression Religion Christianity British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1558	Elizabeth I succeeds peacefully to the throne of England, after the turmoil of Mary's Catholic reign Go to Elizabeth I (1533–1603) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain William Cecil, later Lord Burghley, becomes Elizabeth's principal secretary - and remains in the post for forty years Go to Cecil, William (1520–98) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Mary Queen of Scots marries the heir to the French throne, who a year later succeeds as Francis II Go to Mary, Queen of Scots (1542–87) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe France Rulers and politicians Britain With its strong French connection, the Scottish royal name of Stewart begins to be spelt Stuart (there being no 'w' in native French words) Go to Stuart in A Dictionary of First Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1560	A year after Mary has become queen of France, her husband Francis II dies Go to Mary, Queen of Scots (1542–87) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe France Rulers and politicians Britain
1561	Mary Queen of Scots returns from France to Edinburgh, and to an inevitable clash with John Knox Go to Mary, Queen of Scots (1542–87) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Reformation Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Religion Christianity Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1565	Mary Queen of Scots marries her Catholic cousin, Henry Darnley Go to Darnley, Henry Stuart (1545–67) in The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1566	Mary Queen of Scots' secretary, David Rizzio, is dragged from her presence and stabbed to death Go to Rizzio, David (c. 1533–66) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Mary Queen of Scots' husband Darnley is treacherously involved in the murder of her secretary, Rizzio Go to Darnley, Henry Stuart (1545–67) in The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1567	Darnley is murdered, almost certainly at the instigation of Mary Queen of Scots' lover, Bothwell, whom she marries just three months later Go to Bothwell, James Hepburn in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain A casket of letters seems to incriminate Mary Queen of Scots herself in the murder of her husband, Darnley Go to Mary, Queen of Scots (1542–87) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain The events of this year give the Protestant nobility the occasion and opportunity of deposing Mary Queen of Scots Go to Mary, Queen of Scots (1542–87) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain On the removal of Mary from the Scottish throne, her one-year-old son succeeds her as James VI Go to James I (1566–1625) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1568	Mary Queen of Scots flees across the border to seek the help of her English cousin, Elizabeth, but finds herself kept under close guard Go to Mary, Queen of Scots (1542–87) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1569	A rebellion in the north of England aims to put Mary Queen of Scots on the English throne Go to Mary, Queen of Scots (1542–87) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Protest and rebellion Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1570	Pope Pius V excommunicates the English queen, Elizabeth I, causing a severe crisis of loyalty for her Catholic subjects Go to Elizabeth I (1533–1603) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Reformation Britain 1500-1750 Politics Religion Christianity Papacy British Isles Europe Italy Rulers and politicians Britain
1571	Roberto di Ridolfi, a Florentine banker, coordinates a scheme to win the English throne for Mary Queen of Scots Go to Ridolfi Plot (1571) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Florence Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1586	Anthony Babington is involved in a plot to assassinate Elizabeth and place Mary Queen of Scots on the English throne Go to Babington Plot (1586) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1587	Mary Queen of Scots, implicated in the Babington plot, is beheaded in Fotheringay castle Go to Babington Plot (1586) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1598	James VI of Scotland argues in an anonymous book that kings, appointed by God, are above human law Go to James VI (1566–1625) in The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1603	James VI of Scotland inherits peacefully the crown of his English cousin Elizabeth, and becomes James I of England Go to James VI (1566–1625) in The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain The accession of James I and VI to the throne of England brings the union of the crowns of England and Scotland Go to James VI (1566–1625) in The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1625	On the death of his father, James VI and I, Charles I becomes king of England and Scotland Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain The English parliament attempts to clip the wings of the new king, Charles I, by placing an annual limit on his power to raise taxes Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: English Civil War 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1628	The English parliament's Petition of Right emphasizes the right of the citizen to be protected from royal tyranny Go to Petition of Right (1628) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: English Civil War 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Persecution and repression War British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1634	Charles I demands ship money to increase his revenue, albeit in the absence of its conventional justification - a crisis of national defence Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: English Civil War 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1638	A National Covenant, first signed in an Edinburgh churchyard, commits the Covenanters to oppose Charles I's reforms of the Church of Scotland Go to Covenanters in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: English Civil War 17th century Reformation Britain 1500-1750 Politics Protest and rebellion Religion Christianity War Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
c. 1641	Cavalier is now in use as a term of abuse for supporters of the royal cause Go to cavalier in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: English Civil War 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain Roundhead is now in use as a term of abuse for supporters of parliament Go to Roundhead noun in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: English Civil War 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain Under pressure from parliament, Charles I signs the death warrant of his most powerful supporter, the earl of Strafford Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: English Civil War 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1642	Charles I comes in person to the House of Commons, but fails in his attempt to arrest the Five Members whom he accuses of treason Go to five members (1642) in The Oxford Companion to British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: English Civil War 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1649	After a trial lasting a week in Westminster Hall, Charles I is convicted of treason for fighting a war against parliament Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: English Civil War 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain Charles I is beheaded on a scaffold erected in the street in London's Whitehall Go to Charles I (1600–49) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: English Civil War 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain Parliament chooses Oliver Cromwell to chair the new English Commonwealth's council of state Go to Cromwell, Oliver (1599–1658) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: English Civil War 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1653	Cromwell is appointed Lord Protector of the Commonwealth for life, under legislation entitled the Instrument of Government Go to Cromwell, Oliver (1599–1658) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: English Civil War 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1658	Cromwell dies after naming his son Richard to succeed him in the office of Lord Protector Go to Cromwell, Richard (1626–1712) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: English Civil War 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1660	General George Monck marches south from Scotland to London, to intervene in England's unresolved political crisis Go to Monck, George, 1st Duke of Albemarle (1608–70) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: English Civil War 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics War Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain Charles II lands at Dover and is given a warm welcome in London four days later Go to Charles II (1630–85) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: English Civil War 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty War British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
c. 1669	The duke of York, heir to the English and Scottish thrones, is secretly received into the Roman Catholic church Go to James II (1633–1701) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1672	Charles II issues a Declaration of Indulgence, suspending the restrictions on Catholics and Nonconformists Go to Declarations of Indulgence in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Persecution and repression Religion Christianity British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1673	Parliament in England passes a Test Act excluding Catholics and Nonconformists from public office Go to Test Act in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Persecution and repression Religion Christianity British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1678	The Popish Plot, an invented Jesuit conspiracy to kill Charles II, results in the execution of about thirty-five Roman Catholics Go to Popish Plot (1678) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Persecution and repression Religion Christianity British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1685	James II succeeds to the throne in Britain and immediately introduces pro-Catholic policies Go to James II (1633–1701) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Religion Christianity British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1688	A son (the future 'Old Pretender') is born to James II, giving Britain a Catholic heir to the throne Go to James II (1633–1701) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain English grandees invite William III of Orange and his wife Mary, daughter of James II, to claim the British throne Go to William III (1650–1702) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Netherlands Rulers and politicians Britain William III of Orange lands with an army at Torbay and marches to London with almost no opposition from supporters of James II Go to William III (1650–1702) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1689	Parliament in Westminster makes the restrictive Bill of Rights the condition on which William III and Mary II are crowned Go to Bill of Rights (1689) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1694	The joint monarch of England, Mary II, dies - leaving her husband, William III, to reign alone Go to William III (1650–1702) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1701	The Act of Settlement declares that no Catholic may inherit the English crown Go to Settlement, Act of (1701) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Religion Christianity British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1702	On the death of her brother-in-law, William III, Anne becomes queen of England and Scotland Go to Anne (1665–1714) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1707	The Act of Union merges England and Scotland as 'one kingdom by the name of Great Britain', a century after the union of the crowns Go to Union, Act of (Scotland) (1707) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Great Britain - from 1707 Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1714	On the death of Queen Anne, the Act of Settlement delivers the British crown to the elector of Hanover, as George I Go to George I (1660–1727) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1715	A Jacobite uprising in Scotland on behalf of the Old Pretender ends in fiasco Go to Old Pretender, the in Brewer's Dictionary of Irish Phrase & Fable (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Protest and rebellion Great Britain - from 1707 Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1727	On the death of his father, George I, George II becomes king of Great Britain Go to George II (1683–1760) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1745	Charles Edward Stuart lands at Eriskay in the Hebrides, launching the Forty-Five Rebellion Go to Stuart, Charles Edward (1720–88) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Protest and rebellion War Great Britain - from 1707 Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Charles Edward Stuart gathers support for the Forty-Five Rebellion on his way south from the Hebrides and reaches Edinburgh Go to Stuart, Charles Edward (1720–88) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Protest and rebellion War Great Britain - from 1707 Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Charles Edward Stuart marches as far south as Derby, but then turns back Go to Stuart, Charles Edward (1720–88) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Protest and rebellion War Great Britain - from 1707 Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1746	Charles Edward Stuart and his 5000 Scots are routed at Culloden, bringing the Forty-Five Rebellion to an abrupt end Go to Stuart, Charles Edward (1720–88) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Britain 1500-1750 Politics Protest and rebellion Battles Great Britain - from 1707 Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1760	On the death of his grandfather, George II, George III becomes king of Great Britain Go to George III (1738–1820) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Britain 1750-1900 Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1801	The Act of Union comes into effect, linking Ireland with Britain to form the United Kingdom Go to Union, Acts of in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Britain 1750-1900 Politics Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Ireland Rulers and politicians Britain British prime minister William Pitt resigns when George III vetoes Catholic emancipation, but is recalled three years later Go to Catholic Emancipation, Act of (1829) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Britain 1750-1900 Politics Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1811	The British king George III, suffering from porphyria, is deemed unfit to govern and his eldest son becomes Prince Regent Go to George III (1738–1820) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Britain 1750-1900 Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1817	On the death of Princess Charlotte, not one of seven princes has an heir to succeed to the British throne in the next generation Go to Charlotte Augusta, Princess (1796–1817) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Britain 1750-1900 Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1820	The British king George III dies after 59 years on the throne – a longer reign than any of his predecessors Go to George III (1738–1820) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Britain 1750-1900 Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain On the death of his father, George III, the Prince Regent succeeds to the British throne as George IV Go to George IV (1762–1830) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Britain 1750-1900 Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1821	During his coronation George IV has the doors of Westminster Abbey closed against his queen, Caroline Go to Caroline of Brunswick (1768–1821) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Britain 1750-1900 Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1830	William IV succeeds his brother George IV as the British king Go to William IV (1765–1837) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Britain 1750-1900 Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain The death of the last infant cousin senior to her in the royal succession makes Victoria heir to the British throne Go to Victoria (1819–1901) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Britain 1750-1900 Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1837	The 18-year-old Victoria comes to the throne in Britain, beginning the long Victorian era Go to Victoria (1819–1901) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Britain 1750-1900 Politics Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1839	In the Bedchamber Crisis, Queen Victoria shows steely determination in refusing to dismiss politically committed ladies of her bedchamber Go to Bedchamber crisis (1839) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Britain 1750-1900 Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1840	Victoria marries Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and soon, with nine children, they provide the very image of the ideal Victorian family Go to Victoria (1819–1901) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Britain 1750-1900 Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1861	Prince Albert dies of typhoid, plunging Victoria into forty years of widowhood and deep mourning Go to Albert, prince consort (1819–61) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Britain 1750-1900 Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1876	India becomes the 'jewel in the crown' of Queen Victoria when Benjamin Disraeli secures for her the title Empress of India Go to Victoria (1819–1901) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Britain 1750-1900 Politics Conquest and colonization Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British empire European empires from 1415 Mughal empire British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Empires Rulers and politicians Britain
1887	Queen Victoria's golden jubilee brings her back into the public's affection Go to Golden Jubilee (1887) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Britain 1750-1900 Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
c. 1897	Diamond Jubilee bonfires and fireworks all round Britain celebrate Victoria's sixty years on the throne Go to Diamond Jubilee (1897) in The Oxford Companion to British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Britain 1750-1900 Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1901	Queen Victoria dies at Osborne House, on the Isle of Wight, after 63 years on the throne Go to Victoria (1819–1901) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Victorian era 1900s 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Edward VII is already 59 when he succeeds his mother, Victoria, as Britain's monarch Go to Edward VII (1841–1910) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Edwardian era Victorian era 1900s 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1902	Land of Hope and Glory' features in its lasting form as the finale of Elgar's Coronation Ode for Edward VII Go to Coronation Ode in The Oxford Companion to Music (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Edwardian era 1900s 20th century Performing arts Music War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1903	Edward VII, the first British monarch to travel to India, holds a great coronation durbar in Delhi Go to Edward VII (1841–1910) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Edwardian era 1900s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization War British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Asia South Asia India (the subcontinent) India (republic) Europe Empires Rulers and politicians
1907	The Transvaal government presents to Edward VII the Cullinan diamond, now part of the British crown jewels Go to Cullinan diamond in The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Edwardian era 1900s 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Africa South Africa South Africa (republic) Rulers and politicians
1910	Edward VII dies in London, after just nine years on the throne Go to Edward VII (1841–1910) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Edwardian era 1910s 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain George V succeeds his father, Edward VII, on the British throne Go to George V (1865–1936) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Edwardian era 1910s 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1911	The British monarch George V holds a great durbar in Delhi to celebrate his coronation as emperor of India Go to George V (1865–1936) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1910s 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British empire European empires from 1415 Asia South Asia India (the subcontinent) India (republic) Europe Empires Rulers and politicians
1932	George V reads on radio a Christmas address (written by Rudyard Kipling), beginning an annual royal tradition Go to George V (b. 3 June 1865) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Performing arts Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1936	George V dies and is succeeded on the British throne by his eldest son Edward VIII Go to Edward VIII (b. 23 June 1894) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Wallis Simpson wins a decree nisi against her second husband and is therefore free to marry Edward VIII Go to Wallis Simpson, duchess of Windsor (b. 19 June 1896) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Edward VIII informs Baldwin, the UK prime minister, that he intends to marry the American divorcée Wallis Simpson Go to Edward VIII (1894–1972) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Edward VIII, forced to choose between the British throne and Wallis Simpson, opts for the path of love and abdicates Go to Abdication Crisis in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Edward VIII is succeeded on the British throne by his brother, as George VI Go to George VI (b. 14 Dec. 1895) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1952	George VI dies and is succeeded by his elder daughter as Elizabeth II Go to Elizabeth II (b. 21 Apr. 1926) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1950s 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1953	English composer William Walton writes Orb and Sceptre for the coronation of Elizabeth II Go to Orb and Sceptre in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1950s 20th century Performing arts Music Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain The new queen of the United Kingdom, Elizabeth II, is crowned like all her predecessors since 1066 in Westminster Abbey Go to Westminster abbey in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1950s 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1956	The British queen, Elizabeth II, moves the traditional royal Christmas address from radio to TV Go to Elizabeth II (b. 21 Apr. 1926) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1950s 20th century Performing arts Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
2002	Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, widow of the British king George VI, dies at the age of 102 Go to Elizabeth (1900–2002) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 21st century Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Fifty years after her accession to the throne, the British queen Elizabeth II celebrates her Golden Jubilee Go to Elizabeth II (b. 21 Apr. 1926) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 21st century Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain

Jump to a year:

BCE CE

Oxford University Press

PRINTED FROM OXFORD REFERENCE (www.oxfordreference.com). (c) Copyright Oxford University Press, 2023. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single entry from a reference work in OR for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice).

date: 02 December 2023

Browse All

Browse All

Share Link

Timeline: British monarchs - from 1066

Browse All

Browse All

Recently viewed (0)

Recently viewed (0)

Share Link

Timeline: British monarchs - from 1066