Spanish empire

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Timeline: Spanish empire

Years: 1492 - 1968	Subject: History, Regional and National History
Publisher: HistoryWorld	Online Publication Date: 2012
Current online version: 2012	eISBN: 9780191737671

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BCE CE

Year	Event
1492	Christopher Columbus, together with the brothers Martin and Vicente Pinzón, sails west from Palos in Spain Go to Columbus, Christopher (c. 1451–1506) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Exploration European empires from 1415 Europe Spain Society Empires After sailing for five weeks from the Canaries, Columbus and the Pinzón brothers step ashore in the Bahamas Go to Columbus, Christopher (c. 1451–1506) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Exploration European empires from 1415 Europe Society Empires Latin America Caribbean Columbus and his fellow explorers make landfall on the largest of the Caribbean islands, Cuba Go to Columbus, Christopher (c. 1451–1506) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Exploration European empires from 1415 Europe Society Empires Latin America Caribbean Cuba
1493	Columbus returns to Spain, landing at Palos with news of his great discoveries Go to Columbus, Christopher (c. 1451–1506) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Exploration European empires from 1415 Europe Spain Society Empires Pope Alexander VI draws a line through the Atlantic, dividing new discoveries between Spain (west) and Portugal (east) Go to Alexander VI (1431–1503) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Renaissance 15th century Italian Renaissance Politics Papacy European empires from 1415 Portuguese empire Europe Italy Portugal Spain Empires Latin America
1496	Diego Columbus, brother of the explorer, establishes the first secure Spanish colony at Santo Domingo Go to Santo Domingo (Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Nicaragua) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Caribbean
1513	Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches the Pacific coast and claims the ocean for the king of Spain Go to Balboa, Vasco Núñez de (1475–1519) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Mesoamerican civilization Politics Conquest and colonization Exploration European empires from 1415 Europe Society Empires Latin America Central America Mexico
1515	The Spanish complete the conquest of Cuba and establish the town of Havana Go to Havana (Cuba, USA) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Caribbean Cuba
1519	The Spanish conquistador Hernando Cortes lands on the coast of Mexico with 600 men, 16 horses and about 20 guns Go to Cortés, Hernando (1485–1547) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Mesoamerican civilization Politics Conquest and colonization War European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Central America Mexico Montezuma welcomes Hernan Cortes to his capital, Tenochtitlan, under the impression that he is the returning god-king Quetzalcoatl Go to Tenochtitlán, Mexico in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Empires Latin America Central America Mexico Cortes and his tiny force capture Montezuma, ruler of the mighty Aztec empire, in his palace at Tenochtitlan Go to Cortés, Hernán (1485–1547) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Mesoamerican civilization Politics Conquest and colonization War European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Central America Mexico
1520	Cortes loses control of Tenochtitlan and has to escape in haste with his men during 'the Sorrowful Night' Go to Cortés, Hernán (1485–1547) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Mesoamerican civilization Politics Conquest and colonization War European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Central America Mexico
1521	After a little more than a year Cortes recaptures Tenochtitlan and finally establishes Spanish control over Mexico Go to Cortés, Hernán (1485–1547) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Mesoamerican civilization Politics Conquest and colonization War European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Central America Mexico
1525	The conquistadors, settling on land granted to them after the conquest, begin the long process of European emigration to America Go to conquistadores in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Mesoamerican civilization Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Central America Mexico
1530	Francisco Pizarro sails from Panama to attempt the conquest of Peru Go to Pizarro, Francisco (c. 1478–1541) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Andean Civilizations Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Central America Peru South America
1531	Francisco Pizarro leads 168 men, with about 30 horses, into the territory of the Inca empire Go to Pizarro, Francisco (1471–1541) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Andean Civilizations Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Peru South America
1532	Pizarro and his tiny force ambush and massacre the Inca court in Cajamarca, capturing Atahualpa himself alive Go to Pizarro, Francisco (1471–1541) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Andean Civilizations Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Peru South America Atahualpa agrees to buy his freedom from the Spaniards with a room full of gold and another of silver Go to Atahualpa (1533) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Andean Civilizations Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Peru South America
1533	Although the ransom has been paid, Atahualpa is executed by the Spaniards — who ensure that he dies a Christian Go to Atahualpa (1533) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Andean Civilizations Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Peru South America The Spanish conquistadors capture and sack the Inca capital of Cuzco, high in the Andes Go to Cuzco in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Andean Civilizations Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Peru South America
1536	Manco Inca begins a siege of the Spaniards in Cuzco that lasts for a year Go to Cuzco in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Andean Civilizations Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Peru South America
1537	With the end of the siege of Cuzco, and the flight of Manco Inca, the Spanish have full control of Peru Go to Peru (and USA) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Andean Civilizations Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Peru South America
1542	New Laws are passed in Spain, in an attempt to protect the Indians on the encomiendas of Spanish America Go to encomiendas in The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Central America South America
1545	Rich seams of silver are discovered at Potosi, in modern Bolivia Go to Potosí in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America South America
1548	La Paz is founded on the trade route between Lima and the newly discovered silver mines at Potosi Go to La Paz (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Philippines, Uruguay, USA) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Politics Conquest and colonization Commerce and industry European empires from 1415 Europe Society Empires Latin America South America
c. 1550	Spanish galleons assemble each year at Portobelo to deliver European goods and to ship home the metals of Latin America Go to Portobelo (Panama) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Commerce and industry European empires from 1415 Europe Society Empires Latin America Central America Mexico
1571	The Spanish governor general, Legazpi, makes his capital at Manila,and names the surrounding islands the Philippines after Philip II Go to Philippines in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Asia East Asia Southeast Asia Europe Empires The Philippines and its governor general are placed under the authority of the Spanish governor of New Spain, ruling from Mexico City Go to Philippines in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Politics Asia East Asia Southeast Asia Empires Latin America Mexico
1697	In the Treaty of Rijswijk, Spain cedes the western half of Hispaniola to France, which names its new colony Saint-Domingue Go to Haiti in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 French empire Europe Empires Latin America Caribbean
1740	Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador become the Spanish viceroyalty of New Granada, with Bogota as the capital Go to New Granada in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Politics European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America South America
1774	The Spanish, now in sole occupation of the Falkland Islands, call them Las Islas Malvinas Go to Falkland Islands in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Politics Conquest and colonization British empire European empires from 1415 Falkland Islands Europe Empires Latin America South America
1776	Spanish America is now administered as four viceroyalties - New Spain, New Granada, New Peru and La Plata Go to Spanish America in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Politics European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Buenos Aires rather than Asunción is chosen to be capital of the new Spanish viceroyalty of La Plata Go to Buenos Aires (Argentina) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Politics European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Argentina South America
1809	With acts of defiance in Sucre, Bolivia becomes the first American province to rebel against the Spanish authorities Go to Bolivia in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America South America
1810	Simón Bolívar, a young officer in Caracas, takes part in a coup which wins control of Venezuela from the Spanish Go to Bolívar, Simón in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America South America After a public meeting in Buenos Aires, Argentinians set up an autonomous local government in opposition to Spanish forces Go to Spanish–South American Wars of Independence (1810–25) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Argentina Brazil South America José Gervasio Artigas lays siege to the Spanish forces in Montevideo, beginning Uruguay's long struggle for independence Go to Artigas, José Gervasio (1764–1850) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America South America The citizens of Bogotá expel the local Spanish officials and declare their loyalty to the deposed Ferdinand VII Go to Ferdinand VII (1784–1833) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America South America The parish priest of Dolores sparks a rebellion against the Spanish authorities in Mexico with his Grito de Dolores Go to Hidalgo y Costilla, Miguel (1753–1811) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Central America Mexico Chile begins four years of untroubled independence, ruled by a junta introducing liberal reforms Go to Chile in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics European empires from 1415 China Europe Empires Latin America Chile South America
1811	The citizens of Bogotá declare the independence of the province of Colombia See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America South America The colonists of Paraguay throw out their Spanish governor and declare independence Go to Paraguay in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America South America
1812	The Spanish authorities recover control of Venezuela, ending the region's first brief spell of independence Go to Spanish–South American Wars of Independence (1810–25) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America South America
1813	Simon Bolívar publishes the Manisfesto de Cartagena, calling on the citizens of New Granada to unite and expel the Spaniards Go to Bolívar, Simón in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America South America Bolívar defeats the Spanish forces in Venezuela and is welcomed in Caracas as the Liberator Go to Bolívar, Simón in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America South America Rebels meeting for a conference in Chilpancingo proclaim a short-lived Mexican independence Go to Spanish–South American Wars of Independence (1810–25) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Central America Mexico
1814	José San Martín becomes commander of the patriot army of Argentina, replacing Manuel Belgrano Go to San Martín, José de (1778–1850) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Argentina South America Francia becomes dictator of Paraguay and for the next 26 years seals his nation off from the rest of the world Go to Francia, José Gaspar Rodriguez de (1776–1840) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Empires Latin America South America The Spanish recapture Caracas, after which Bolívar moves southwest to advance on Bogotá, now held again by the Spanish Go to Bolívar, Simón in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America South America Spanish forces at Rancagua defeat a Chilean army commanded by Bernardo O'Higgins, who escapes across the Andes into Argentina Go to O'Higgins, Bernardo (1778–1842) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 China Europe Empires Latin America Chile South America Bolívar recaptures Bogotá from the recently returned Spanish troops Go to Bolívar, Simón in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America South America
1815	The Spanish suppress the independence movement in Mexico with the capture and execution of its leader, Jose Maria Morelos Go to Morelos y Pavón, José María (1765–1815) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Central America Mexico The Spanish recover Bogotá yet again and Bolívar flees into exile in Jamaica Go to Bolívar, Simón (1783–1830) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Caribbean South America
1816	The independence of Argentina is formally proclaimed, dropping any pretence of remaining loyal to the Spanish king Go to Spanish–South American Wars of Independence (1810–25) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Argentina South America
1817	San Martín and O'Higgins lead an army through the Andes into Chile and capture Santiago Go to O'Higgins, Bernardo in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion War European empires from 1415 China Europe Empires Latin America Chile South America O'Higgins is elected the 'supreme director' of independent Chile after San Martín declines the post Go to O'Higgins, Bernardo (1778–1842) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics European empires from 1415 China Europe Empires Latin America Chile South America Bolívar returns to Venezuela and builds up an army of liberation in a remote region up the Orinoco Go to Bolívar, Simón (1783–1830) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion War European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America South America
1819	Bolívar marches his army across the Andes, captures Bogotá and proclaims the republic of Gran Colombia Go to Colombia in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion War European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America South America
1820	The newly independent republic of Argentina takes possession of Las Islas Malvinas (the Falklands) Go to Falkland Islands in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Conquest and colonization British empire European empires from 1415 Falkland Islands Europe Empires Latin America Argentina South America
1821	San Martín enters Lima and proclaims Peruvian independence with himself as 'Protector' Go to San Martín, José de (1778–1850) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Peru South America Bolívar defeats the Spanish at Carabobo and liberates, for the second time, his native city of Caracas Go to Bolívar, Simón (1783–1830) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Democracy and dissent Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America South America A reactionary movement led by Agustín de Iturbide wins new and lasting independence for Mexico Go to Iturbide, Agustín de (1783–1824) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Central America Mexico
1822	After defeating the Spanish at Pichincha, Antonio José de Sucre enters Quito and liberates Ecuador Go to Sucre, Antonio José de (1795–1830) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Democracy and dissent Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America South America Agustin de Iturbide declares himself emperor of the new nation of Mexico, as Agustin I Go to Iturbide, Agustín de (1783–1824) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Central America Mexico The two liberators, Bolívar and San Martín, meet in Guayaquil for a conference Go to Guayaquil (Ecuador) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America South America After failing to agree with Bolívar at Guayaquil, San Martín resigns his post as Protector of Peru Go to San Martín, José de (1778–1850) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Peru South America
1823	Guatemala declares independence following the example of neighbouring Mexico Go to Guatemala in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Central America Mexico Bolívar arrives in Lima to be granted command of the army and dictatorial powers in the republic of Peru Go to Bolívar, Simón (1783–1830) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Peru South America
1824	After the surrender of the Spanish army to Antonio José de Sucre at Ayacucho, Peru is finally liberated Go to Sucre, Antonio José de (1795–1830) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion War European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Peru South America
1825	With a victory at Tumusla Antonio José de Sucre liberates Upper Peru (the future Bolivia), the last Spanish stronghold in continental America Go to Sucre, Antonio José de (1795–1830) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion War European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Peru South America Upper Peru declares independence as the republic of Bolivia, in honour of Simón Bolívar Go to Bolívar, Simón (1783–1830) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion Empires Latin America Peru South America
1844	The other half of Hispaniola joins Haiti in declaring independence, as the Dominican Republic Go to Dominican Republic in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion Empires Latin America Caribbean
1868	An uprising against Spanish rule in Cuba sparks off a Ten Years' War Go to Cuban War of Independence in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Latinos and Latinas in the United States (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Politics Protest and rebellion War European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Caribbean Cuba An armed uprising against Spanish rule takes place in the town of Lares in Puerto Rico, becoming known as the Grito de Lares ('Cry of Lares') Go to Puerto Rico in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion Empires Latin America Caribbean Mexico
1878	The Ten Years' War ends in Cuba, with Spain promising extensive reforms including the abolition of slavery Go to Cuban War of Independence in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Latinos and Latinas in the United States (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Slavery War European empires from 1415 Europe Society Empires Latin America Caribbean Cuba
1884	Spain begins to colonize the Western Sahara, subsequently known as the Spanish Sahara Go to Western Sahara in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa North Africa Europe Empires
1897	The Spanish governor in Cuba is recalled to Spain, for pioneering the concept of the concentration camp Go to concentration camp in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Europe Empires Latin America Caribbean Cuba
1898	The US battleship Maine is blown up in Havana harbour, sparking off the Spanish-American War Go to Spanish–American War (1898) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era War European empires from 1415 US presidents Europe Empires Rulers and politicians Latin America Caribbean Cuba The Philippines declare independence from the colonial power, Spain, with whom they are at war Go to Philippines in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion Asia East Asia Southeast Asia Empires In the Treaty of Paris, ending the Spanish-American War, Spain cedes Puerto Rico and Cuba to the USA Go to Paris, Treaty of (1898) in The Oxford Companion to American Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Politics War European empires from 1415 US presidents Europe Spain Empires Rulers and politicians Latin America Caribbean Cuba North America United States The agreement ending the Spanish-American War includes Spain selling the Philippines to the USA for a payment of $20 million Go to Paris, Treaty of (1898) in The Oxford Companion to American Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Politics War European empires from 1415 US presidents Asia East Asia Southeast Asia Europe Empires Rulers and politicians North America United States
1902	The three-year Philippine-American War is brought to an end, and the Philippines become a US colony Go to Philippine War in The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1900s 20th century War Asia East Asia Japan Empires
1912	France and Spain agree that Spain shall become the colonial power in the north of Morocco and France in the south Go to Morocco in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1910s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa French empire Africa North Africa Europe Empires
1956	French Morocco and Spanish Morocco win independence from the two colonial powers Go to Morocco in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1950s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa French empire Africa North Africa Europe Empires
1968	Spanish Guinea becomes an independent republic as Equatorial Guinea, with Francisco Macias Nguema as president Go to Equatorial Guinea in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Central Africa East Africa Europe Empires

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date: 17 May 2025

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