Ottoman empire

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Timeline: Ottoman empire

Years: c. 1285 - 1923	Subject: History, Regional and National History
Publisher: HistoryWorld	Online Publication Date: 2012
Current online version: 2012	eISBN: 9780191737640

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BCE CE

Year	Event
c. 1285	Osman inherits the leadership of the tribal group later known by a version of his name, as the Ottoman Turks Go to Ottoman empire in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Byzantine empire 13th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Turks Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Empires
1354	Gallipoli is taken by the Ottoman Turks, giving them their first foothold in Europe Go to Ottoman empire in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Byzantine empire 14th century Politics Conquest and colonization Migration Turks Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Society Empires
1389	Victory at Kosovo gives the Ottoman Turks control over Serbia, which becomes a vassal state Go to Ottoman empire in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Byzantine empire 14th century Politics Conquest and colonization Battles Turks Muslim empires Europe Empires
1393	The Ottoman sultan Bayazid I brings the Slav kingdom of Bulgaria under his control Go to Bulgaria in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Byzantine empire 14th century Politics Conquest and colonization Dynasties and royalty Turks Muslim empires Europe Empires
1402	The Ottoman sultan Bayazid is defeated and captured near Ankara by Timur, who keeps the sultan in captivity until his death the following year Go to Tamerlane (1336–1405) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Battles Turks Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Empires
1443	Skanderbeg, Albania's national hero, begins his long campaign of successes against the Turks Go to Afonso V (1432–81) in The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Politics Conquest and colonization Turks Muslim empires Europe Empires
c. 1450	Christian boys, trained as slaves in the personal service of the Turkish sultan, acquire considerable power as the elite corps of janissaries Go to Janissaries in The Oxford Dictionary of Islam (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Turks Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Empires
1453	The Turks terrify Constantinople by lobbing vast stones at the city from a 19-ton bombard of cast iron Go to Istanbul in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Byzantine empire 15th century War Weapons Turks Muslim empires Turkey Europe Empires Constantinople falls to a 21-year-old Muslim conqueror, Mehmed II, bringing the Ottoman Turks their capital city Go to Mehmed II (1430–81) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Byzantine empire 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Turks Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Empires The Christian emperor Constantine XI dies in the fighting in Constantinople, as the Greek Byzantine empire yields to that of the Ottoman Turks Go to Constantine XI Palaiologos (12 Mar. 1449–29 May 1453) in The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Byzantine empire 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Turks Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Empires
1460	The Turks complete the occupation of Greece, which remains within the Ottoman empire until the nineteenth century Go to Ottoman empire in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Byzantine empire 15th century Politics Conquest and colonization Turks Muslim empires Turkey Europe Greece Empires
1462	Mehmed II, conqueror of Constantinople, begins to build Topkapi Sarayi as his palace Go to Mehmed II (1430–81) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Byzantine empire 15th century Architecture Politics Dynasties and royalty Muslim empires Turkey Europe Empires
1464	Mehmed II and the Ottoman Turks conquer Bosnia, where a large number of noble families convert to Islam Go to Mehmed II (1430–81) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Politics Conquest and colonization Dynasties and royalty War Turks Muslim empires Europe Empires
1468	Skanderbeg dies and Albania becomes fully absorbed into the Ottoman empire Go to Afonso V (1432–81) in The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Politics Conquest and colonization Turks Muslim empires Europe Empires
c. 1480	The name of Constantinople changes to Istanbul, a word based on the everyday Greek name for the city Go to Istanbul (Turkey) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Byzantine empire 15th century Social and domestic Muslim empires Turkey Europe Society Empires
1492	Bayazid II, the Turkish sultan, makes a special point of welcoming in Istanbul the Jews expelled from Spain Go to Istanbul (Turkey) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Religion Islam Judaism Turks Muslim empires Turkey Europe Empires
1517	The Ottoman sultan, Selim I, captures Cairo and ends Mameluke rule in the middle east Go to Selim I (c. 1470–1520) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Turks Muslim empires Africa North Africa Egypt Asia West Asia Empires From Bosnia to Egypt and Arabia, the Ottoman Turks now rule the largest Muslim empire since the early caliphate Go to Ottoman empire in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Caliphs Politics Dynasties and royalty Turks Muslim empires Africa North Africa Asia West Asia Europe Empires
1521	The Turkish sultan, Suleiman I, marches into the kingdom of Hungary and captures Belgrade Go to Suleiman I (1494–1566) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Politics Conquest and colonization Dynasties and royalty War Turks Muslim empires Europe Empires
1541	Suleiman I takes Buda (now Budapest), and by 1547 the Turks occupy almost the whole of Hungary Go to Suleiman I (c. 1494–1566) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Politics Conquest and colonization Dynasties and royalty War Turks Muslim empires Europe Hungary Empires
1547	Hungary is divided, by agreement between the Turkish sultan Suleiman I and the Habsburg ruler Ferdinand I Go to Suleiman I (c. 1494–1566) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Habsburgs Politics Turks Muslim empires Europe Austria Hungary Empires
1557	Sinan completes his masterpiece, the mosque of Suleiman I in Istanbul Go to Sinan Abdul Menan (1588) in The Oxford Dictionary of Islam (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Architecture Muslim empires Turkey Europe Empires
1571	Spanish and Venetian galleys defeat the Turks in the battle of Lepanto Go to Lepanto, Battle of in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Renaissance 16th century Italian Renaissance War Battles Turks Venice Muslim empires Turkey Europe Italy Spain Empires
1574	The Ottoman empire finally asserts control over the north African coast, in the footsteps of Muslim pirates Go to Ottoman Empire in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Politics Turks Muslim empires Africa North Africa Empires
1609	The Blue Mosque, commissioned by Ahmed I, begins to rise in Istanbul like a twin to the nearby Santa Sophia Go to Hagia Sofia in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Architecture Muslim empires Turkey Europe Empires
1768	A border incident at Balta, in the southern Ukraine, sparks a war between Russia and Turkey that will last six years Go to Russo-Ottoman Wars in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Crimean War War Europe Russia Empires Wars and Revolutions
1774	In the treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji, ending the recent Russo-Turkish war, the Ottoman empire cedes the Crimea to Russia Go to Russo-Ottoman Wars in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Crimean War Politics War Turks European empires from 1415 Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Russia Empires Wars and Revolutions The treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji grants Russia special rights in relation to the Christian Holy Places under Ottoman control Go to Russo-Ottoman Wars in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Crimean War Politics Religion Christianity War Turks Muslim empires Asia West Asia Empires Wars and Revolutions
1806	Karageorge captures Belgrade and wins a limited independence for Serbia within the Ottoman empire Go to Belgrade (Serbia, USA) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion Turks Muslim empires Europe Empires
1820	The Eastern Question, concerning Turkey's ability to control its vast empire, becomes a persistent nineteenth-century theme Go to Eastern Question in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Crimean War Politics War Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Empires Wars and Revolutions
1821	An uprising in Greece against Turkish rule is followed by the massacre of several thousand Muslims Go to Greek War of Independence (1821–32) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion Turks Muslim empires Europe Greece Empires
1827	Britain, France and Russia, supporting Greek independence, defeat the Turkish and Egyptian fleets at Navarino Go to Navarino, Battle of in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century War Battles Turks Muslim empires Europe Greece Empires
1832	Greece wins independence from the Turks, with the 17-year-old Otto of Bavaria as king Go to Greek War of Independence (1821–32) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Turks Europe Greece Empires
1840	Muhammad Ali, officially viceroy for the Turkish sultan, establishes his own ruling dynasty on the throne of Egypt Go to Muhammad Ali (1769–1849) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Turks Muslim empires Africa North Africa Egypt Empires
1841	The Straits Convention, agreed between the European powers and Turkey, is a concerted attempt to prop up the Ottoman empire Go to Ottoman Empire in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Crimean War Politics War Turks Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Empires Wars and Revolutions
1844	The Russian tsar, Nicholas I, calls Turkey 'the sick man of Europe' Go to Nicholas I (1796–1855) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Crimean War Politics War Muslim empires Turkey Europe Russia Empires Wars and Revolutions
1852	France demands that Turkey should end Russia's exclusive control of the Christian Holy Places in the Ottoman empire Go to Crimean War (1853–56) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Crimean War Politics Religion Christianity War Turks Muslim empires Asia West Asia Empires Wars and Revolutions Russia insists that her exclusive rights over the Holy Places are enshrined in the treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji Go to Crimean War (1853–56) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Crimean War Politics Religion Christianity War Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Russia Empires Wars and Revolutions
1853	In a worsening diplomatic crisis, Russia puts her Black Sea fleet in a state of alert at Sebastopol Go to Crimean War (1853–56) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Crimean War Politics War Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Russia Empires Wars and Revolutions France and Britain despatch their fleets to the Dardanelles, in readiness to go through the Straits to the Black Sea Go to Crimean War (1853–56) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Crimean War War Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Empires Wars and Revolutions Russia occupies two Ottoman principalities, Moldavia and Wallachia, on the west coast of the Black Sea Go to Crimean War (1853–56) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Crimean War Politics Conquest and colonization War Turks Muslim empires Europe Empires Wars and Revolutions In the expectation of British and French support, the Ottoman sultan declares war on Russia - launching the Crimean War Go to Crimean War (1853–56) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Crimean War War Turks British empire Muslim empires British prime ministers - from 1830 Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Russia Empires Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions
1854	British and French warships move up through the Straits and enter the Black Sea in support of Turkey Go to Crimean War (1853–56) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Crimean War War Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Empires Wars and Revolutions Britain and France enter the war between Turkey and Russia, on the Turkish side Go to Crimean War (1853–56) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Crimean War Victorian era Britain 1750-1900 War Turks Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British empire British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Empires Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain British and French troops land at Sebastopol, to besiege the port, and win a limited victory over the Russians at the river Alma Go to Crimean War (1853–56) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Crimean War War Battles Muslim empires Europe Russia Empires Wars and Revolutions
1855	After a siege of nearly a year the Russians abandon Sebastopol, but the Turkish alliance is too exhausted to pursue the conflict Go to Sebastopol in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Crimean War War Turks Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Russia Empires Wars and Revolutions
1856	The treaty of Paris ends the Crimean War, limiting Russia's special powers in relation to Turkey Go to Paris, treaty of (1856) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Crimean War Victorian era Britain 1750-1900 Politics War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British empire Muslim empires British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Empires Rulers and politicians Wars and Revolutions Britain
1885	A secret revolutionary group (Union and Progress, later known as the Young Turks) is formed in Salonika in the Ottoman empire Go to Young Turks in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Protest and rebellion Turks Muslim empires Europe Greece Empires
1908	The Young Turks of Salonika organize a successful uprising against the autocracy of the Ottoman sultan Go to Young Turks in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1900s 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Turks Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Empires Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria declares his country's independence from Ottoman rule and calls himself Tsar Ferdinand I Go to Ferdinand (1861–1948) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1900s 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Turks Muslim empires Europe Empires
1912	A national uprising against Turkish rule in Albania launches a full-scale Balkan war Go to Balkan Wars (1912–13) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1910s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization Turks Muslim empires Europe Empires Turkey, beset by troubles elsewhere, cedes to Italy her north African province of Libya Go to Libya in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1910s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Muslim empires Africa North Africa Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Italy Empires An Albanian uprising against the Ottoman empire is so successful that the Albanians are able to capture Skopje in Macedonia Go to Macedonia, Republic of in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1910s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization Turks Muslim empires Turkey Europe Greece Empires By a prearranged plan Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia together launch the First Balkan War against Turkey Go to Balkan Wars (1912–13) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War Turks Muslim empires Turkey Europe Empires Wars since 1900 An armistice agreed between the Ottoman empire and three of the Balkan states ends the war in the Balkans Go to Balkan Wars (1912–13) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War Turks Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Empires Wars since 1900
1913	Bulgaria launches the Second Balkan War, in the end to the great detriment of Bulgarian interests Go to Balkan Wars (1912–13) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War Muslim empires Europe Empires Wars since 1900 The Balkan states and the Ottoman empire agree an armistice in Bucharest, ending the Second Balkan War Go to Balkan Wars (1912–13) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War Turks Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Empires Wars since 1900 A coup led by Enver Pasha brings the Young Turks to power in Istanbul Go to Enver Pasha (1881–1922) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1910s 20th century Politics Turks Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Empires
1914	August 2 - Germany and the Ottoman empire sign a secret treaty of alliance Go to World War I (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century Politics War Turks Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Germany Empires Wars since 1900 October 29 - Turkey, launching an attack on Russian ports in the Black Sea, enters the war on the German side Go to Turkey in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Empires Wars since 1900 November 2 - Russia declares war on the Ottoman empire Go to Ottoman Empire in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War Turks Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Russia Empires Wars since 1900 November 5 - Britain and France declare war on the Ottoman empire Go to Ottoman Empire in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War Turks Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Europe France Empires Wars since 1900 Britain
1915	from May - hundreds of thousands of Armenians die as the Turks forcibly remove them from their homelands Go to Armenian genocide (1915–16) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War Turks Asia West Asia Turkey Empires Wars since 1900 from July - the Russians advance through Turkish Armenia and push west into Anatolia as far as Trabzon Go to Armenia in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War Turks Asia West Asia Turkey Empires Wars since 1900
1916	June 5 - Sharif Hussein, the emir of Mecca, proclaims himself the leader of the Muslim world, thus launching an Arab revolt against the Ottoman empire Go to Hussein, ibn Ali (1856–1931) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century Religion Islam War Turks Muslim empires Asia West Asia Empires Wars since 1900
1918	October 30 - an armistice is signed between Turkey and the Allies on the warship Agamemnon in the Greek port of Mudros Go to Turkey in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Empires Wars since 1900
1920	August - a punitive peace treaty, negotiated at Sèvres, is designed to dismember the Ottoman empire Go to Ottoman Empire in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War Turks Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Europe France Empires Wars since 1900 August 10 - the sultan of Turkey signs the Treaty of Sèvres with the Allies but it is rejected by the new nationalist government Go to Sèvres, Treaty of (10 Aug. 1920) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Empires Wars since 1900
1922	The nationalist government in Turkey abolishes the sultanate and the last Ottoman emperor, Mehmed VI, goes into exile Go to Turkey in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1920s 20th century Politics Turks Muslim empires Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Empires
1923	The Treaty of Lausanne, with more favourable terms than those negotiated at Sèvres, finally brings peace between Turkey and the Allies Go to Lausanne, Treaty of (24 July 1923) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1920s 20th century Politics Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Empires Turkey becomes a republic with Atatürk as president and Ankara as its new capital Go to Turkey in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1920s 20th century Politics Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Empires

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date: 13 May 2025

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