Andean Civilizations

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Timeline: Andean Civilizations

Years: c. 3000 BCE - 1537	Subject: History, Regional and National History
Publisher: HistoryWorld	Online Publication Date: 2012
Current online version: 2012	eISBN: 9780191736803

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BCE CE

Year	Event
c. 3000 BCE	The llama and the alpaca, two south American members of the camel family, are domesticated Go to llama in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Neolithic 3100-1000 BCE Social and domestic Society Latin America Peru South America Complex societies, with sophisticated temple architecture, develop at sites such as Aspero and Caral in the Norte Chico region of Peru Go to Aspero, Peru in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Neolithic 3100-1000 BCE Civilizations of Peru Latin America Peru South America
c. 2500 BCE	At Huaca Prieta, the earliest known farming community in South America, squash, gourds and chili are cultivated Go to Saladoid Culture in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Neolithic 3100-1000 BCE Social and domestic Society Latin America Peru South America
c. 2000 BCE	Medicine men in Peru practise trephination, cutting holes in the skulls of brave or foolhardy patients Go to Disease in The Oxford Companion to Archaeology (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE Science Medicine Latin America Peru South America
c. 900 BCE	Chávin de Huántar becomes the centre of the first civilization of south America Go to Chavín culture in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1000-600 BCE Civilizations of Peru Latin America Peru South America
c. 300 BCE - CE 100	The people of Paracas, a coastal region of central Peru, create extremely sophisticated fabrics of woven cotton or vicuña wool Go to Paracas Culture in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 4th century BCE 3rd century BCE Civilizations of Peru Latin America Central America Peru South America
c. 200 BCE	The earth drawings of the Nazca people, known now as the Nazca Lines, are some of the largest works of art ever created See this event in other timelines: 3rd century BCE 2nd century BCE Civilizations of Peru Architecture American architecture Religion Latin America Peru South America The Mochica develop a civilization, in the north of modern Peru, known for its realistic pottery sculpture Go to Mochica in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3rd century BCE 2nd century BCE Civilizations of Peru Arts Decorative arts Latin America Peru South America
c. 200	The potato is cultivated in the Peruvian Andes Go to potato in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 2nd century 3rd century Civilizations of Peru Social and domestic Society Latin America Peru South America
c. 700	The quipu is used in the Wari culture and becomes the standard recording device of the Andean civilizations Go to quipu in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 7th century 8th century Civilizations of Peru Commerce and industry Society Latin America Peru South America
c. 800	Batán Grande, in northern Peru, becomes a great pilgrimage centre in the Sican culture Go to Peru in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 8th century 9th century Civilizations of Peru Religion Latin America Peru South America
c. 900	Chan Chan, today the largest of the ruined Andean cities, dominates the entire length of Peru Go to Chan Chan in The Oxford Companion to Archaeology (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 9th century 10th century Civilizations of Peru Politics Latin America Peru South America
c. 1000	The Inca ethnic group migrates into the region of the Cuzco valley in Peru Go to Inca in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 10th century 11th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Migration Society Latin America Peru South America
1438	After a decisive victory over the Chanca people, a young Inca prince seizes the throne in Peru and takes the name Pachacuti Go to Inca in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Politics Dynasties and royalty War Latin America Peru South America
c. 1440	Cuzco, city of the Incas, grows rapidly in power after Pachacuti ('transformer of the earth') becomes emperor Go to Inca in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Politics Dynasties and royalty Latin America Peru South America
c. 1450	The massive architecture of the Incas, consisting of finely dressed irregular blocks of stone, becomes a feature of Cuzco Go to Inca in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Architecture American architecture Latin America Peru South America The most sacred of the Inca divinities, Punchao, is symbolized by a great golden disc representing the sun Go to Inca in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Religion Latin America Peru South America
1463	The Chimu empire in Peru is conquered by the Incas under the leadership of Pachacuti's son Topa Go to Topa Inca (1493) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Politics Conquest and colonization Dynasties and royalty War Latin America Peru South America
1471	Topa succeeds his father, Pachacuti, as emperor of the Incas Go to Topa Inca (1493) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Politics Dynasties and royalty Latin America Peru South America
1487	The Inca empire is extended to the north and a second capital is established at Quito Go to Quito (Ecuador) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Politics Conquest and colonization Latin America Peru South America
1493	On Topa's death his son Huayna Capac succeeds to the throne as Inca emperor Go to Topa Inca (1493) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Politics Dynasties and royalty Latin America Peru South America
c. 1500	Even the remote city of Machu Picchu, on its peak above the jungle, is built in the massively precise Inca style of masonry Go to Machu Picchu, Peru in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Architecture American architecture Latin America Peru South America The female mamakuna and the male yanakuna are selected in childhood to serve the Inca state Go to Inca in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Politics Latin America Peru South America The Inca empire has about 25,000 miles of well-serviced roads, designed for caravans of llamas Go to Inca in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Travel and transport Technology Engineering Society Latin America Peru South America In Cuzco's great temple, the sacrifices are usually of llamas, occasionally of humans Go to Inca in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Religion Latin America Peru South America
1525	The Inca emperor, Huayna Capac, dies in an epidemic of a western disease, smallpox Go to smallpox in Concise Medical Dictionary (8 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Politics Dynasties and royalty Latin America Peru South America Ruling respectively from Cuzco and Quito, Huáscar and Atahualpa compete for the empire of their father, Huayna Capac Go to Atahualpa (1533) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Politics Dynasties and royalty Latin America Peru South America
1530	Francisco Pizarro sails from Panama to attempt the conquest of Peru Go to Pizarro, Francisco (c. 1478–1541) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Spanish empire Europe Empires Latin America Central America Peru South America Atahualpa defeats and kills his half-brother Huáscar, thus winning control of the entire Inca empire Go to Atahualpa (1533) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Politics Dynasties and royalty Latin America Peru South America
1531	Francisco Pizarro leads 168 men, with about 30 horses, into the territory of the Inca empire Go to Pizarro, Francisco (1471–1541) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Spanish empire Europe Empires Latin America Peru South America
1532	Pizarro and his tiny force ambush and massacre the Inca court in Cajamarca, capturing Atahualpa himself alive Go to Pizarro, Francisco (1471–1541) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Spanish empire Europe Empires Latin America Peru South America Atahualpa agrees to buy his freedom from the Spaniards with a room full of gold and another of silver Go to Atahualpa (1533) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Spanish empire Europe Empires Latin America Peru South America
1533	Although the ransom has been paid, Atahualpa is executed by the Spaniards — who ensure that he dies a Christian Go to Atahualpa (1533) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Spanish empire Europe Empires Latin America Peru South America The Spanish conquistadors capture and sack the Inca capital of Cuzco, high in the Andes Go to Cuzco in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Spanish empire Europe Empires Latin America Peru South America
1536	Manco Inca begins a siege of the Spaniards in Cuzco that lasts for a year Go to Cuzco in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Spanish empire Europe Empires Latin America Peru South America
1537	With the end of the siege of Cuzco, and the flight of Manco Inca, the Spanish have full control of Peru Go to Peru (and USA) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Civilizations of Peru Incas Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Spanish empire Europe Empires Latin America Peru South America

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date: 18 May 2025

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