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Timeline: Austria

Years: c. 25,000 years ago - 1975	Subject: Encyclopedias, Geographical reference
Publisher: HistoryWorld	Online Publication Date: 2012
Current online version: 2012	eISBN: 9780191736162

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BCE CE

Year	Event
c. 25,000 years ago	A Stone Age sculptor shapes a timeless image of female fecundity in the famous Willendorf Venus Go to ‘Venus of Willendorf’ in The Oxford Dictionary of Art (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Prehistory Arts Sculpture Science Europe
c. 3250 BCE	A neolithic herdsman dies near the Brenner Pass and is perfectly preserved in ice - to become, in 1991, by far the earliest human to be glimpsed in his everyday life, clothed and with implements Go to Similaun Man in The Oxford Companion to Archaeology (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Prehistory Neolithic Social and domestic Europe Italy Society
c. 600 BCE	The swirling decorative lines of Celtic metalwork at Hallstatt begin a tradition which lives on in illuminated manuscripts and stone Celtic crosses Go to Hallstatt in A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1000-600 BCE 6th century BCE Celts Arts Decorative arts Society
976	Leopold, of the Babenberg family, becomes margrave of Austria and founds a dynasty which lasts for three centuries Go to margrave in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 10th century Politics Dynasties and royalty
c. 1020	Count Radbot builds himself a 'hawk's castle' or Habichstburg, near Zurich, from which the Habsburg dynasty takes its name Go to Habsburg in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 11th century Holy Roman empire Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Dynasties and royalty Empires
1156	Vienna is adopted by the Babenberg rulers as the capital city of Austria Go to Babenberg in The Oxford Companion to German Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 12th century Politics Dynasties and royalty
1192	Richard I, returning from the Holy Land in disguise, is recognized in an inn near Vienna and is imprisoned until England pays a massive ransom Go to Richard I (b. 8 Sept. 1157) in The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Britain 1066-1500 12th century Politics Conquest and colonization Dynasties and royalty British Isles British monarchs - from 1066 Europe Rulers and politicians Britain
1273	The period without a German king, known as the Great Interregnum, ends with the election of a Habsburg prince, Rudolf I Go to Habsburg in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 13th century Holy Roman empire Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Dynasties and royalty Empires
1278	At Dürnkrut Rudolf I defeats and kills Otakar II, his rival for Austria - thus bringing the Austrian territories into the Habsburg domain Go to Habsburg in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 13th century Holy Roman empire Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Dynasties and royalty War Empires
1291	The Swiss forest districts of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden sign an Everlasting League (in the Rütli meadow) to resist Habsburg domination Go to Habsburg in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 13th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Switzerland Empires
1315	The Swiss, defeating the Habsburgs at Morgarten, make lethal use of their halberds - designed to jab, grapple and slash Go to halberd in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 14th century Austrian empire Habsburgs War Battles Switzerland Empires
1320	The leading role of Schwyz in the victory at Morgarten causes the independent cantons to become informally known as the Swiss confederation Go to Schwyz (Switzerland) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 14th century Austrian empire Politics Democracy and dissent Switzerland Empires
1356	Charles IV establishes a permanent group of seven electors - four hereditary German rulers and the archbishops of Mainz, Cologne and Trier Go to Charles IV (1316–78) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 14th century Holy Roman empire Politics Dynasties and royalty Empires
1438	The office of Holy Roman emperor becomes a hereditary title within the Habsburg dynasty Go to Habsburg in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Holy Roman empire Austrian empire Politics Dynasties and royalty Empires
1477	Maximilian, heir to Austria, weds Mary, heiress to Burgundy, in the first of the great marriage alliances which form the Habsburg empire Go to Habsburg in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Holy Roman empire Austrian empire Politics Dynasties and royalty Europe France Empires
1485	Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary, captures Vienna and makes the city his capital Go to Matthias I (1443–90) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Dynasties and royalty Europe Hungary Empires
1487	The Fuggers make their first loan to a Habsburg archduke, beginning a profitable link with the dynasty Go to Habsburg in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Habsburgs Commerce and industry Society Empires
1490	On the death of Matthias Corvinus, in 1490, the Habsburgs recover Vienna from the Hungarians Go to Habsburg in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Conquest and colonization Europe Hungary Empires
1496	Philip, heir to Austria, marries Joanna, a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, in the second of the great Habsburg marital alliances Go to Habsburg in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Holy Roman empire Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Dynasties and royalty Europe Spain Empires
1516	The death of Ferdinand II results in Spain becoming part of the Habsburg empire, under the rule of Charles V (as Charles I of Spain) Go to Habsburg in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Holy Roman empire Austrian empire Politics Dynasties and royalty Europe Spain Empires
1519	Charles V borrows 852,000 florins, mainly from the Fuggers, to bribe the seven imperial electors Go to Charles V (1500–58) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Empires
1547	Hungary is divided, by agreement between the Turkish sultan Suleiman I and the Habsburg ruler Ferdinand I Go to Suleiman I (c. 1494–1566) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Habsburgs Politics Turks Muslim empires Ottoman empire Europe Hungary Empires
1556	Charles V abdicates, handing the Netherlands and Spain to his son Philip and the title of Holy Roman emperor to his brother Ferdinand Go to Charles V (1500–58) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Holy Roman empire Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Dynasties and royalty Europe Spain Empires The division by Charles V of his territories means that there are now two Habsburg empires, Austrian and Spanish Go to Charles V (1500–58) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Holy Roman empire Austrian empire Politics Dynasties and royalty Europe Spain Empires
1618	Bohemian nobles throw the Habsburg regents out of a window in the castle in Prague, thus triggering the Thirty Years' War Go to Thirty Years' War (1618–48) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Austrian empire Habsburgs War Bohemia Czech Republic Empires
1619	The Protestant Frederick V (elector palatine of the Rhine) is elected king by the rebellious Bohemian nobles Go to Frederick V (1596–1632) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Austrian empire Politics Dynasties and royalty Protest and rebellion Religion Christianity Bohemia Czech Republic Empires
1620	The battle of the White Mountain, to the west of Prague, ends the brief reign of Frederick V in Bohemia Go to Frederick V (1596–1632) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Austrian empire Politics Dynasties and royalty Battles Bohemia Czech Republic Empires
1680	Feudal labour laws demanding corvée (compulsory unpaid labour) are imposed by the Habsburgs on the Czech peasants of Bohemia Go to Bohemia in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Habsburgs Politics Social and domestic Society Empires
1683	The emperor, Leopold I, and his court abandon Vienna on the approach of a Turkish army Go to Leopold I (1640–1705) in The Oxford Companion to German Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Austrian empire Habsburgs War Turks Empires The Turks are driven from the walls of Vienna by the Polish king John Sobieski, in what proves a historic turning point Go to John III (1624–96) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Austrian empire Habsburgs War Turks Europe Poland Empires
1687	The Hungarian diet grants the Habsburg dynasty in Austria a hereditary right to the crown of St Stephen Go to Leopold I (1640–1705) in The Oxford Companion to German Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Holy Roman empire Austrian empire Politics Dynasties and royalty Europe Hungary Empires
1701	The War of the Spanish Succession breaks out between French and Austrian claimants to the Spanish throne Go to Spanish Succession, War of the (1701–14) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Austrian empire Habsburgs War Europe France Spain Empires
1713	The treaties signed in Utrecht bring to an end the War of the Spanish Succession Go to Spanish Succession, War of the (1701–14) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics War Europe Spain Empires
1714	In the aftermath of the War of the Spanish Succession, the Spanish Netherlands are transferred to Austria Go to Spanish Succession, War of the (1701–14) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Europe Belgium Netherlands Spain Empires
1716	The Habsburg emperor Charles VI has a son, but the child dies within the year Go to Charles VI (1685–1740) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Habsburgs Politics Dynasties and royalty Empires
1723	The Austrian emperor, Charles VI, agrees that Hungary shall be ruled as a separate kingdom within his empire Go to Charles VI (1685–1740) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Europe Hungary Empires
1730	The Italian poet Metastasio produces, in Vienna, opera libretti which are used by almost every composer of the day Go to Metastasio (1698–1782) in The Oxford Companion to Theatre and Performance (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Performing arts Music Opera
1738	In the Treaty of Vienna, France accepts the Pragmatic Sanction of Charles VI – the last of the European powers to do so Go to Pragmatic Sanction in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Politics Dynasties and royalty
1740	The Habsburg emperor Charles VI dies and is succeeded by his elder daughter, the 23-year-old Maria Theresa Go to Maria Theresa (1717–80) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Habsburgs Politics Dynasties and royalty Empires Frederick II, the king of Prussia, invades the neighbouring Habsburg province of Silesia, launching the War of the Austrian Succession Go to Austrian Succession, War of the (1740–48) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Austrian empire Habsburgs War Europe Germany Poland Empires
1741	Frederick's Prussian army defeats the Austrians at Mollwitz, securing his hold on most of Silesia Go to Austrian Succession, War of the (1740–48) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Austrian empire War Europe Poland Empires French and Bavarian armies join the war against Austria, marching through upper Austria into Bohemia Go to Austrian Succession, War of the (1740–48) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Austrian empire War Bohemia Czech Republic Empires Spain, now an ally of France, joins in the war against Austria Go to Austrian Succession, War of the (1740–48) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Austrian empire War Empires Britain, already fighting Spain (in the War of Jenkin's Ear), is drawn into the wider conflict as an ally of Austria Go to Austrian Succession, War of the (1740–48) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Austrian empire War Empires French and Bavarian forces enter Prague, one of the most important cities in the Austrian empire Go to Austrian Succession, War of the (1740–48) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Austrian empire War Bohemia Czech Republic Empires
1742	An Austrian army captures the Bavarian capital city, Munich Go to Austrian Succession, War of the (1740–48) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Austrian empire War Germany Empires
1744	Bad weather causes the French to abandon a plan to invade Britain with the Scottish pretender Charles Edward Stuart Go to Stuart, Charles Edward (1720–88) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century War Europe France
1745	Maurice de Saxe, with a French army including an Irish brigade, defeats British, Austrian and Dutch forces at Fontenoy Go to Austrian Succession, War of the (1740–48) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century War Battles Europe France Frederick the Great's Prussian soldiers, advancing in shallow disciplined formation, outclass other armies of the time Go to Austrian Succession, War of the (1740–48) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century War Germany Frederick II's three victories in 1745 cause him to be known by his contemporaries as Frederick the Great Go to Austrian Succession, War of the (1740–48) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century War Germany
1746	The French commander Maurice de Saxe succeeds in occupying the entire Austrian Netherlands Go to Austrian Succession, War of the (1740–48) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Austrian empire War Europe Belgium Netherlands Empires
1748	The treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends the War of the Austrian Succession, but only postpones the continuation of hostilities (in the Seven Years' War) Go to Aix‐la‐Chapelle, Treaty of (1748) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Austrian empire Habsburgs War Empires The peace treaty returns all captured territories to their owners – with the exception of Silesia, which becomes part of Prussia Go to Aix‐la‐Chapelle, Treaty of (1748) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Politics War
1756	In what becomes known as the Diplomatic Revolution, two of Europe's long-standing rivals - France and Austria - sign a treaty of alliance Go to Diplomatische Revolution in The Oxford Companion to German Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Europe France Empires
1761	Joseph Haydn enters the service of the Esterházy family, and stays with them for twenty-nine years Go to Haydn, Joseph (1732–1809) in The Oxford Companion to German Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Performing arts Music Austrian physician Joseph Leopold Auenbrugger describes his new diagnostic technique – percussion, or listening to a patient's chest and tapping Go to percussion n. in A Dictionary of Nursing (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Science Medicine
1762	The intensely dramatic music of Gluck's Orfeo ed Eurydice introduces a much needed reform in the conventions of opera Go to Gluck, Christoph Willibald (1714–87) in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Theatre and Performance (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Performing arts Music Opera 6-year-old Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart plays for the Habsburg empress Maria Theresa Go to Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756–91) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Performing arts Music Empires
1763	The Treaty of Hubertusburg, between Prussia and Austria, increases the power of Prussia among the many separate states of Germany Go to Hubertusburger Friede in The Oxford Companion to German Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Germany Empires 7-year-old Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart begins a three-year concert tour of Europe Go to Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756–91) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Performing arts Music
1764	Joseph Haydn's first published work is six string quartets, a form which he subsequently makes very much his own Go to Haydn, Joseph (1732–1809) in The Oxford Companion to German Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Performing arts Music
1772	Russia, Prussia and Austria agree a treaty enabling them to divide the spoils in the first partition of Poland Go to Poland, Partitions of in The Oxford Companion to German Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Europe Germany Poland Russia Empires Haydn's Farewell Symphony gives a subtle hint to his employer at Esterházy that it is time for the musicians to return home Go to Haydn, Joseph (1732–1809) in The Oxford Companion to German Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Performing arts Music
1781	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, now 25, leaves Salzburg to settle in Vienna Go to Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756–91) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Performing arts Music Joseph II passes an Edict of Toleration, for the first time allowing Protestant worship in Habsburg territories Go to Joseph II (1741–90) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Holy Roman empire Austrian empire Politics Dynasties and royalty Religion Christianity Empires The reforming emperor Joseph II emancipates the serfs in the Habsburg territories Go to Joseph II (1741–90) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Empires
1785	Mozart and his friends perform for Haydn the Mozart quartets inspired by Haydn's 'Russian' quartets (op.33), which on publication are dedicated to him Go to Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756–91) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Performing arts Music
1786	Mozart's Marriage of Figaro premieres in Vienna and then has a huge success in Prague Go to Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756–91) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Austrian empire Performing arts Music Opera Empires The emperor Joseph II is reported to have told Mozart that his opera The Marriage of Figaro has 'too many notes' Go to Joseph II (1741–90) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Performing arts Music Opera Empires
1790	Mozart's opera Così fan Tutte has its premiere in Vienna, in the court theatre of Joseph II Go to Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756–91) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Performing arts Music Opera Empires Joseph Haydn sets off for England, where impresario Johann Peter Salomon presents his London symphonies Go to Haydn, Joseph (1732–1809) in The Oxford Companion to German Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Britain 1750-1900 Performing arts Music Great Britain - from 1707 British Isles Europe Britain
1791	A stranger arrives in Vienna with a mysterious commission for Mozart to write a requiem mass, just months before the composer's death Go to requiem in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Performing arts Music Mozart's opera The Magic Flute has its premiere in Vienna in a popular theatre run by the librettist, Emanuel Shikaneder Go to Zauberflöte, Die in A Dictionary of Opera Characters (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Performing arts Music Opera Mozart dies, at the age of just 35, leaving his Requiem unfinished Go to requiem in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Performing arts Music
1792	France declares war on the Austrian emperor, an event that plunges Europe into more than 20 years of conflict Go to French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century French Revolutionary Wars Austrian empire Habsburgs War Europe France Empires Wars and Revolutions Beethoven leaves Bonn and goes to Vienna to study composition with Haydn Go to Beethoven, Ludwig van (1770–1827) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Performing arts Music Germany
1795	Beethoven makes his first public appearance in Vienna as a pianist, playing either his first or second piano concerto See this event in other timelines: 18th century Performing arts Music
1797	Napoleon marches against Vienna and is only two days from the city when the emperor requests an armistice Go to French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century French Revolution French Revolutionary Wars War Wars and Revolutions Napoleon achieves the peace of Campo Formio, by which Austria cedes the Austrian Netherlands and northern Italy to France Go to French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century French Revolutionary Wars Austrian empire Habsburgs Napoleonic era Politics Conquest and colonization War Europe Empires Wars and Revolutions By the Treaty of Campo Formio the free republic of Venice, created by Napoleon, is handed over to Austrian rule Go to French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century French Revolutionary Wars Austrian empire Habsburgs Napoleonic era Politics Conquest and colonization War Venice Europe Italy Empires Wars and Revolutions
1798	Austrian author Alois Senefelder, experimenting with grease and water on stone, discovers the principles of lithography Go to lithography in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Printing Arts Prints
1799	Haydn's oratorio The Creation has its first public performance in Vienna, in the Burgtheater Go to Creation, The in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Performing arts Music
1800	Beethoven seeks medical advice for a very alarming condition, an increasing deafness Go to Beethoven, Ludwig van in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century 19th century Performing arts Music Nelson and the Hamiltons visit Haydn, who composes a cantata on the Battle of the Nile for Emma Hamilton to sing Go to Hamilton, Emma (1765–1815) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century 19th century Performing arts Music Social and domestic Society
1802	At Heiligenstadt, near Vienna, Beethoven writes a letter, to be read only after his death, confronting the tragedy of his inexorable decline into deafness Go to Heiligenstädter Testament in The Oxford Companion to German Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Performing arts Music
1805	Napoleon enters Vienna and then defeats an Austrian and Russian army at Austerlitz Go to Austerlitz, Battle of (1805) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Napoleonic Wars 19th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Napoleonic era War Battles Empires Wars and Revolutions The first version of Beethoven's only opera, Fidelio, is performed in Vienna under the title Leonore Go to Leonore in A Dictionary of Opera Characters (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Performing arts Music Opera
1806	Francis II formally brings to an end the 1000-year-old Holy Roman Empire, to keep it from the clutches of Napoleon Go to Francis II (1768–1835) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Holy Roman empire 19th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Napoleonic era Politics Dynasties and royalty Empires
1808	Beethoven's sixth symphony (the Pastoral) has its first performance in Vienna Go to Pastoral Sonata in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Performing arts Music
1809	Klemens von Metternich becomes foreign minister to the Austrian emperor Francis II Go to Metternich, Klemens Wenzel Lothar, Prince von (1773–1859) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Napoleon enters Vienna and defeats the Austrians in a battle at nearby Wagram Go to Wagram, Battle of (1809) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Napoleonic Wars 19th century Napoleonic era War Battles Wars and Revolutions
1810	Napoleon marries the Austrian archduchess Marie Louise, daughter of the emperor Francis I Go to Marie Louise (1791–1847) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Napoleonic era Politics Dynasties and royalty Europe France Empires
1814	Beethoven's Mass in D (the Missa Solemnis) has its first performance in Vienna, though still incomplete Go to Mass in D in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Performing arts Music The final version of Beethoven's opera Fidelio has its premiere in Vienna Go to Fidelio in A Dictionary of Opera Characters (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Performing arts Music Opera The crowned heads of Europe and their representatives gather in Vienna to tidy up the post-Napoleonic continent Go to Vienna, Congress of in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Napoleonic Wars 19th century Napoleonic era Politics War Wars and Revolutions
1815	The rulers of Russia, Prussia and Austria form a Holy Alliance to preserve their concept of a Christian Europe Go to Holy Alliance (1815) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Napoleonic Wars 19th century Napoleonic era Politics Religion Christianity War Europe Germany Russia Wars and Revolutions The congress of Vienna establishes a Confederation of the German States, now reduced in number to thirty-five Go to German Confederation (1815–66) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics
1822	Austrian composer Franz Schubert begins, but never completes, the great work now known as his 'Unfinished' symphony (no 8.in B minor) Go to Schubert, Franz Peter (1797–1828) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Performing arts Music
1823	Austrian composer Franz Schubert writes the song cycle Die Schöne Müllerin ('The beautiful miller's wife') Go to Schubert, Franz Peter (1797–1828) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Performing arts Music
1824	Beethoven's ninth symphony (the Choral, because of its finale, setting Schiller's Ode to Joy) has its first performance in Vienna Go to Choral Symphony in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Performing arts Music
1825	Franz Schubert composes his 'Great' C major symphony (previously often attributed to 1828) Go to Schubert, Franz Peter (1797–1828) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Performing arts Music
1842	Austrian physicist Christian Doppler explains the acoustic effect now known by his name Go to Doppler, Christian Johann (1803–1853) in A Dictionary of Scientists (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Science Physics
1848	An uprising in Vienna leads to the resignation, on the following day, of the long-serving chancellor Klemens von Metternich Go to Metternich, Klemens Wenzel Lothar, Prince von (1773–1859) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Protest and rebellion Empires Another uprising in Vienna causes the emperor Ferdinand I to flee for safety to Innsbruck Go to Revolutions of 1848 in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Protest and rebellion Empires Martial law is imposed in Prague after a demonstration by radical Czech students following a Pan-Slav congress Go to Revolutions of 1848 in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Austrian empire Politics Protest and rebellion Bohemia Czech Republic Empires Suppression of unrest in Hungary provokes a third violent uprising in Vienna and another flight by Ferdinand I, this time to Olomouc Go to Revolutions of 1848 in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Protest and rebellion Empires 18-year-old Francis Joseph becomes emperor of Austria when his uncle, Ferdinand I, abdicates at the end of a year of unrest Go to Franz Joseph (1830–1916) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Dynasties and royalty Empires
1849	Nationalist leader Lajos Kossuth announces the independence of Hungary and the deposition of the Habsburg dynasty Go to Kossuth, Lajos (1802–94) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Protest and rebellion Europe Hungary Empires In Vienna the younger Johann Strauss succeeds his father as the Waltz King Go to Strauss, Johann (1825–99) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Performing arts Music The Habsburgs recover power in both Austria and Hungary Go to Habsburg in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Dynasties and royalty Empires
1854	Austrian monk Gregor Mendel begins his study of pea plants in the garden of the Abbey of St Thomas in Brno Go to Mendel, Gregor Johann (1822–84) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Science Life sciences
1859	A French and Piedmontese army liberates Milan from Austrian rule Go to Milan in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Austrian empire Politics Conquest and colonization Europe France Italy Empires French and Piedmontese forces defeat the Austrians decisively at Solferino, in a battle involving appalling casualties Go to Solferino, Battle of (24 June 1859) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Austrian empire Habsburgs War Battles Europe France Italy Empires
1864	Prussia and Austria combine forces to seize Schleswig-Holstein, but soon fall out Go to Schleswig–Holstein in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Austrian empire War Germany Empires
1865	Gregor Mendel reads a paper to the Natural History Society in Brno describing his discoveries in the field of genetics Go to Mendel, Gregor Johann (1822–84) in A Dictionary of Zoology (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Science Life sciences
1866	Prussia invades its neighbouring German states and launches the Seven Weeks' War Go to Austro‐Prussian War (1866) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Austrian empire War Germany Empires The Prussians achieve the first blitzkrieg in their Seven Weeks' War defeat of the Austrians Go to Austro‐Prussian War (1866) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Austrian empire Habsburgs War Germany Empires The terms of the treaty of Prague, ending the Seven Weeks War, make plain the transfer of German leadership from Austria to Prussia Go to Austro-Prussian War in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics War Germany Empires Austrian rule ends in the Venetian territories, which now join the new kingdom of Italy Go to Austrian empire (1806–67) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Venice Europe Italy Empires
1867	Francis Joseph, emperor of Austria, is also crowned king of Hungary – to become ruler of the 'dual monarchy' of Austria-Hungary Go to Austria‐Hungary in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Dynasties and royalty Empires A revival of the Prussian Zollverein, or customs union, includes all the German states except Austria Go to Zollverein in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Commerce and industry Germany Society Empires
1874	Johann Strauss's operetta Die Fledermaus has its premiere in Vienna Go to Fledermaus, Die in A Dictionary of Opera Characters (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Performing arts Music Opera
1878	A congress in Berlin agrees that Austria may administer the Turkish province of Bosnia-Herzegovina Go to Berlin, Congress of (1878) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Austrian empire Habsburgs Politics Turks Germany Empires
1882	Italy, previously non-aligned, signs a Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary Go to Triple Alliance (1882) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Europe Germany Italy
1889	Austrian composer Gustav Mahler conducts the premiere in Budapest of his first symphony, described as a 'symphonic poem' Go to symphonic poem in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Performing arts Music
1896	Theodor Herzl publishes The Jewish State, calling for a national homeland for all Jews Go to Herzl, Theodor (1860–1904) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Religion Judaism Migration Society
1897	Jewish composer Gustav Mahler is baptized a Christian so as to be eligible to conduct the Vienna Opera Go to Mahler, Gustav (1860–1911) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Performing arts Music Judaism
1899	Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg composes the string sextet Verklärte Nacht Go to Transfigured Night in The Oxford Dictionary of Dance (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Performing arts Music
1900	Charles Rennie Mackintosh and his wife exhibit together at the Sezession show in Vienna Go to Mackintosh, Charles Rennie (1868–1928) in The Oxford Companion to British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century 1900s 20th century Arts Decorative arts Sigmund Freud publishes one of his most significant works, The Interpretation of Dreams Go to Freud, Sigmund (1856–1939) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century 1900s 20th century Science Medicine
1901	The Austrian biochemist Karl Landsteiner discovers that human blood is of varying types Go to Landsteiner, Karl (1868–1943) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1900s 20th century
1902	Gustav Mahler marries Alma, daughter of the artist Emil Jakob Schindler Go to Mahler-Werfel, Alma (Maria) (31 Aug. 1879) in The Oxford Companion to Music (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1900s 20th century Performing arts Music
1904	Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud publishes The Psychopathology of Everyday Life Go to Freud, Sigmund (1856–1939) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1900s 20th century Science Medicine Alban Berg and Anton Webern study composition with Arnold Schoenberg in Vienna Go to Webern, Anton Friedrich Wilhelm von (1883–1945) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1900s 20th century Performing arts Music
1905	Hitler moves to Vienna, hoping to be a painter, but is twice rejected as a student by the Academy of Fine Arts Go to Hitler, Adolf (1889–1945) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Edwardian era 1900s 20th century War Europe Gustav Mahler's cycle of five songs, Kindertotenlieder, is its first performance in Vienna Go to Kindertotenlieder in The Oxford Companion to Music (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1900s 20th century Performing arts Music Franz Lehár's operetta The Merry Widow opens in Vienna at the start of an immensely successful run Go to Merry Widow, The in A Dictionary of Opera Characters (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1900s 20th century Performing arts Music Opera
1906	The first part of the Post Office Savings Bank in Vienna is completed, to the designs of Otto Wagner Go to Wagner, Otto (1841–1918) in A Dictionary of Modern Design (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1900s 20th century Architecture A paediatrician in Vienna, Clemens von Pirquet, describes a condition for which he coins the term 'allergy' Go to allergy in Food and Fitness: A Dictionary of Diet and Exercise (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1900s 20th century Science Medicine
1907	Austrian scientist Clemens von Pirquet discovers a diagnostic test to identify tuberculosis in a patient Go to tuberculosis in Concise Medical Dictionary (8 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1900s 20th century Science Medicine
1908	Austria annexes Bosnia-Herzegovina, in response to the policy of the Young Turks in Istanbul Go to Bosnia and Herzegovina in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Austrian empire Habsburgs 1900s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization Turks Empires Modernist architect Adolf Loos attacks architectural ornament in Ornament and Crime Go to Loos, Adolf (1870–1933) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1900s 20th century Architecture Arnold Schoenberg abandons tonality in his String Quartet No. 2 Go to Schoenberg, Arnold Franz Walter (1874–1951) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1900s 20th century Performing arts Music
1909	Arnold Schoenberg composes his opera for a single voice, Erwartung, which remains unperformed until 1924 in Prague Go to Schoenberg, Arnold Franz Walter (1874–1951) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1900s 20th century Performing arts Music Karl Landsteiner classifies the main human blood groups as A, B, AB and O Go to Landsteiner, Karl (1868–1943) in A Dictionary of Scientists (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1900s 20th century Science Life sciences
1910	Alban Berg and Anton Webern follow Schoenberg in developing atonal music Go to Berg, Alban (1885) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1910s 20th century Performing arts Music The Snowman, a pantomime opera by the 11-year-old Erich Korngold, is a huge success in Vienna Go to Korngold, Erich (1897) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1910s 20th century Performing arts Music The Steiner House, designed by the Austrian architect Adolf Loos, is completed in Vienna Go to Loos, Adolf (1870–1933) in A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1910s 20th century Architecture
1911	Alfred Adler ends his association breaks with Sigmund Freud and forms his own school of psychology Go to Adler, Alfred (1870–1937) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1910s 20th century Science Medicine
1912	Egon Schiele's highly explicit images of nudes land him briefly in gaol Go to Schiele, Egon (1890–1918) in A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1910s 20th century Arts Painting Arnold Schoenberg sets Pierrot Lunaire for a solo voice, reciting the text to the accompaniment of a quintet Go to Schoenberg, Arnold (1874) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1910s 20th century Performing arts Music
1913	Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion has its first performance – in a German version in Vienna Go to Shaw, Bernard (1856–1950) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1910s 20th century Performing arts Theatre Literature Drama
1914	June 28 - Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, is assassinated in Sarajevo by a Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip Go to Francis Joseph I (b. 18 Aug. 1830) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Terrorism and assassination War Europe Wars since 1900 Austria-Hungary plans to attack Serbia, in response to the assassination of the archduke, and seeks a guarantee of German support Go to Austria-Hungary in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century Politics War Wars since 1900 Germany promises to support Austria-Hungary if a strike against Serbia provokes war with Russia Go to World War I (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War German empire Germany Empires Wars since 1900 July 28 - Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, following this with bombardment of the Serbian capital, Belgrade Go to World War I (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War Wars since 1900 July 30 - the Austrian attack on Serbia causes Russia to mobilize her army Go to World War I (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War Europe Russia Wars since 1900 August 1 - in response to the tsar's mobilization of his troops, Germany declares war on Russia Go to World War I (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War German empire Europe Germany Russia Empires Wars since 1900 August 10 - France declares war on the empire of Austria-Hungary Go to Austria-Hungary in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War Europe France Wars since 1900 August 12 - Britain declares war on the empire of Austria-Hungary Go to Austria-Hungary in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Wars since 1900 Britain
1915	May 23 - Italy declares war against Austria-Hungary, but not as yet against Germany Go to Austria-Hungary in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War Europe Italy Wars since 1900 October 9 - Austria-Hungary renews its attack on Serbia, and its troops capture Belgrade Go to Serbia in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War Europe Wars since 1900 October - the Serbian army flees, abandoning Serbia to Austrian and Bulgarian invaders Go to Serbia in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War Europe Wars since 1900
1916	November 21 - the emperor Francis Joseph dies after 66 years on the thrones of Austria and Hungary, to be succeeded by his great-nephew Charles I Go to Francis Joseph (1830–1916) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Wars since 1900
1918	November 7 - Austria-Hungary signs a separate armistice with the Allied powers, in a villa near Padua, without waiting for the Germans Go to Austria-Hungary in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War Wars since 1900 November 13 - the deposition of the emperor Charles I by the Austrian government brings to a formal end the empire of Austria-Hungary and more than six centuries of Habsburg rule Go to Habsburg in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Wars since 1900 November 13 - with the end of the Habsburg empire, German-speaking Austrians declare their own much smaller territory to be an independent republic Go to Austria in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century Politics War Wars since 1900 November 14 - the new nation of Czechoslovakia is established from within Austria-Hungary, with Tomas Masaryk as its first president Go to Masaryk, Tómas Garrigue (7 Mar. 1850) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century Politics War Bohemia Czech Republic Wars since 1900 November 16 - prime minister Mihaly Karolyi proclaims the republic of Hungary, after the demise of Austria-Hungary Go to Károlyi, Mihály, Count (1875–1955) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century Politics War Europe Hungary Wars since 1900
1921	Alfred Adler, in Vienna, opens the first of many child-guidance clinics Go to Adler, Alfred (1870–1937) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Medicine
1923	Arnold Schoenberg's Suite for piano is his first piece entirely in the 12-note serial method Go to Schoenberg, Arnold (1874) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1920s 20th century Performing arts Music In I and Thou the Austrian theologian Martin Buber interprets religion in terms of the subjective experience of interpersonal relationships Go to Buber, Martin (1878–1965) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1920s 20th century Literature Philosophy Religion Christianity Sigmund Freud proposes a new interpretation of the mind in his book The Ego and the Id Go to Freud, Sigmund (1856–1939) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1920s 20th century Science Medicine
1925	Austrian physicist Wolfgang Pauli formulates his exclusion principle, stating that no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers Go to Pauli, Wolfgang (1900–1958) in A Dictionary of Scientists (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1920s 20th century Science Physics Anton Webern again follows Schoenberg, this time into serialism, when he adopts the 12-note method for his Three Traditional Rhymes Go to Webern, Anton (1883) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1920s 20th century Performing arts Music Alban Berg's opera Wozzeck has its premiere in Berlin Go to Berg, Alban (1885) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1920s 20th century Performing arts Music Opera Germany
1927	Austrian director Fritz Lang creates a wildly ambitious silent film, Metropolis, the commercial failure of which bankrupts its studio Go to Lang, Fritz (1890–1976) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1920s 20th century Performing arts Film Austrian zoologist Karl von Frisch demonstrates that bees communicate the whereabouts of food by means of a dance Go to Frisch, Karl von (1886–1982) in A Dictionary of Scientists (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1920s 20th century Science Life sciences
1930	Wolfgang Pauli announces his mathematical proof of the existence of the particle subsequently known as the neutrino Go to Pauli, Wolfgang (1900–1958) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Science Physics
1932	Adolf Hitler finally exchanges Austrian for German nationality, just in time to run for the German presidency Go to Hitler, Adolf (1889–1945) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Politics Europe Germany
1933	The Austrian chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss suspends parliament and subsequently outlaws the Nazi party Go to Dollfuss, Engelbert (b. 4 Oct. 1892) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Politics
1934	The Austrian chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss is assassinated by Nazis in a coup that fails Go to Dollfuss, Engelbert (1892–1934) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion Kurt von Schuschnigg succeeds the murdered Dollfuss as Austria's chancellor and Hitler's opponent Go to Schuschnigg, Kurt von (1897–1977) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Politics
1935	Alban Berg writes his Violin Concerto, commissioned by Louis Krasner, in memory of Manon Gropius Go to Berg, Alban (1885–1935) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Performing arts Music The Austrian zoologist Konrad Lorenz describes his experiments on young geese, with their capacity to imprint on human beings Go to Lorenz, Konrad Zacharias (1903–1989) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Science Life sciences Alban Berg's opera Lulu is incomplete when the composer dies Go to Lulu in A Dictionary of Opera Characters (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Performing arts Music Opera
1938	February 12: Adolf Hitler uses threats of force to browbeat the Austrian chancellor, Kurt von Schuschnigg, into granting special favours to Austrian Nazis Go to Schuschnigg, Kurt von (b. 14 Dec. 1897) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Politics March 9: the Austrian chancellor, Kurt von Schuschnigg, defies Hitler by announcing a referendum on his country's independence Go to Schuschnigg, Kurt von (b. 14 Dec. 1897) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent March 11: the Austrian chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg resigns in the face of threats from Hitler, and broadcasts that he is doing so under duress Go to Seyss-Inquart, Arthur (b. 22 July 1892) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Politics March 12 - German tanks cross the border into Austria, on the official invitation of Austrian Nazis Go to Anschluss in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s Second World War 20th century Politics War Germany Wars since 1900 March 12 - Adolf Hitler, following his troops into Austria, announces the Anschluss (union of Germany and Austria) Go to Anschluss in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s Second World War 20th century Politics War Wars since 1900 Left-wingers and Jews suffer immediate persecution in Nazi Austria, now part of Germany Go to Anschluss in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Politics Persecution and repression Religion Judaism Voters in both Germany and Austria give massive approval for Hitler's annexation of Austria Go to Anschluss in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Germany
1945	Austrian philosopher Karl Popper publishes The Open Society and its Enemies Go to Popper, Karl (1902–94) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1940s 20th century Literature Philosophy Austrian composer Anton Webern is accidentally killed near Salzburg by a soldier in the US occupation force Go to Webern, Anton Friedrich Wilhelm von (1883–1945) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1940s 20th century Performing arts Music April 13 - Russian forces reach and capture the Austrian capital, Vienna Go to Allied Control Commissions in The Oxford Companion to World War II (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1940s Second World War 20th century War Wars since 1900 July 3 - the four Allied powers (USA, UK, France, USSR) provide occupation forces for separate zones of Austria, Germany and Berlin Go to Occupation of Germany in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1940s Second World War 20th century Politics War Cold war Germany Wars since 1900
1949	Karl von Frisch demonstrates that bees make use of the polarized light of the sun to calculate direction Go to Frisch, Karl von (1886–1982) in A Dictionary of Zoology (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1940s 20th century Science Life sciences Germany
1955	Austria achieves a much delayed return to nationhood after the Soviet Union finally agrees to withdraw from the country Go to Austrian State Treaty (15 May 1955) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1950s Second World War 20th century Politics War Cold war Wars since 1900
1966	Austrian author Peter Handke provokes interest with his first play Offending the Audience Go to Offending the Audience in The Oxford Dictionary of Plays (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century Performing arts Theatre Literature Drama
1975	Austrian racing driver Niki Lauda wins the first of three Formula One world championship titles Go to Lauda, Niki (1949– ) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1970s 20th century Sports and games Society

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date: 28 September 2023

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