India (the subcontinent)

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Timeline: India (the subcontinent)

Years: c. 2500 BCE - 2009	Subject: Encyclopedias, Geographical reference
Publisher: HistoryWorld	Online Publication Date: 2012
Current online version: 2012	eISBN: 9780191735950

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BCE CE

Year	Event
c. 2500 BCE	The delicate seals of the Indus civilization are in a script as yet undeciphered Go to Indus civilization in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE Communication Asia South Asia Pakistan Yarns of spun cotton survive at Mohenjo-daro, one of the two great cities of the Indus civilization Go to Mohenjo-Daro in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE Science Social and domestic Technology Inventions and discoveries Asia South Asia Pakistan Society Harappa becomes one of the main cities of the Indus civilization Go to Harappā in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE Asia South Asia Pakistan
c. 2000 BCE	The water buffalo, domesticated somewhere in southeast Asia, features on the seals of the Indus civilization Go to Indus civilization in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE Social and domestic Asia South Asia Pakistan Society The elephant is tamed in the Indus civilization Go to Indus Valley civilization in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE Social and domestic Asia South Asia Pakistan Society
c. 1500 BCE	Indo-European tribes, known collectively as Aryans, enter India from the northwest Go to Aryans in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE Migration Asia South Asia Pakistan Society The Aryans bring into India the roots of Hinduism, with the Brahmans as a priestly caste Go to Brahmans in A Dictionary of Asian Mythology (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE Religion Asia South Asia India (republic) Sacrificial hymns of the Aryans, gathered in the Rigveda, become the earliest Sanskrit literature Go to Veda in The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE Literature Poetry Religion Asia South Asia India (republic)
c. 600 BCE	Hindu hermits live in groups described as ashramas Go to āśrama in A Dictionary of Hinduism (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1000-600 BCE 6th century BCE Religion Asia South Asia India (republic)
c. 550 BCE	The Sinhalese, after moving south through India, cross into Sri Lanka Go to Taprobane in The Oxford Classical Dictionary (3 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 6th century BCE Migration Asia South Asia Sri Lanka Society The Indian physician Susruta pioneers plastic surgery of the nose Go to Sushruta in A-Z of Plastic Surgery (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 6th century BCE Science Medicine Asia South Asia Indian medical theory maintains that the body consists of three humours - spirit, phlegm and bile Go to Āyurveda in A Dictionary of Hinduism (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 6th century BCE Science Medicine Asia South Asia
c. 470 BCE	Vardhamana, an Indian prince, leaves home to live as a beggar - at the start of the Jain religion Go to Jainism in A Dictionary of Asian Mythology (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 5th century BCE Religion Asia South Asia India (republic)
c. 430 BCE	Siddartha Gautama, a prince in Nepal, leaves home to become a wandering ascetic Go to Buddha in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 5th century BCE Religion Asia South Asia India (republic)
c. 424 BCE	Gautama Buddha preaches his first sermon, at Sarnath, setting out the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path Go to Buddhism in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 5th century BCE Religion Asia South Asia India (republic) Gautama, after a night of meditation under a pipal tree at Buddh Gaya, is 'enlightened' and becomes the Buddha Go to bodhi in A Dictionary of Buddhism (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 5th century BCE Religion Asia South Asia India (republic)
c. 420 BCE	Buddha introduces a vigorous tradition of monasticism, in the order of Buddhist monks known as Sangha Go to Buddhism in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 5th century BCE Religion Monasticism Asia South Asia India (republic)
c. 400 BCE	The Upanishads, written over a long period from oral tradition, are the mystical texts of early Hinduism Go to Upanishads in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 5th century BCE 4th century BCE Religion Asia South Asia The kingdom of Magadha, with its capital at Rajgir (near modern Patna), emerges as the dominant power in north India Go to Magadha in A Dictionary of Buddhism (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 5th century BCE 4th century BCE Politics Dynasties and royalty Asia South Asia India (republic)
c. 350 BCE	The Mahabharata, India's great national epic, begins to take shape Go to Mahabharata in The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 4th century BCE Literature Religion Asia South Asia
327 BCE	Alexander takes a major new step, leaving Persian territory and moving through the mountain passes into India Go to Alexander III (“The Great”) in The Oxford Guide to People and Places of the Bible (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 4th century BCE Politics Conquest and colonization Asia South Asia Pakistan Greece
325 BCE	In the Indian monsoon Alexander's Greek troops have finally had enough and threaten to mutiny unless he turns for home Go to Alexander the Great (356–323 bc) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 4th century BCE War Greece
321 BCE	Chandragupta Maurya seizes the throne of Magadha, in India, and establishes the Mauryan dynasty Go to Mauryan empire (c. 325–185 bc) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 4th century BCE Politics Dynasties and royalty Asia South Asia India (republic)
c. 300 BCE	Vishnu, Shiva and Brahma emerge as India's trio of main gods, with the Vedic religion of the Aryans evolving into Hinduism Go to Hinduism in The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 4th century BCE 3rd century BCE Religion Asia South Asia The Indian epic of romance and adventure, the Ramayana, is probably the work of a single author at about this time Go to Ramayana in The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 4th century BCE 3rd century BCE Literature Asia South Asia
272 BCE	Asoka, a devotee of Buddhism, wins the Mauryan throne and establishes India's first empire Go to Aśoka in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3rd century BCE Politics Dynasties and royalty Asia South Asia
c. 250 BCE	Asoka, extending his rule over much of India, proclaims his Buddhist faith on pillars and in rock inscriptions Go to Aśoka in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3rd century BCE Religion Asia South Asia The digits known now as Arabic numerals make their first tentative appearance in India Go to Berruguete, Alonso (c.1488–1561) in The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3rd century BCE Science Asia South Asia Buddhism reaches Sri Lanka as a result of the missionary efforts of the Indian ruler, Asoka Go to Aśoka in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3rd century BCE Religion Asia South Asia Sri Lanka
c. 200 BCE	Indian cavalrymen ride with their big toes in loops of leather or fabric - a first step towards the stirrup Go to stirrups in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3rd century BCE 2nd century BCE War Asia South Asia
c. 100 BCE	Hindu temple sculptors develop a sinuous and full-bodied style for the naked female form Go to Ardhanārī in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 2nd century BCE 1st century BCE Arts Sculpture Asia South Asia
c. 50 BCE	The Great Stupa at Sanchi is the earliest surviving Buddhist stupa Go to Sanchi in The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1st century BCE Religion Asia South Asia India (republic) A doctrinal split emerges within Jainism over whether a devotee must go naked (sky clad) or may be allowed a simple robe (white clad) Go to Jainism in A Dictionary of Asian Mythology (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1st century BCE Religion Asia South Asia
c. 100	A naturalistic style of Buddhist sculpture develops in the Gandhara region, part of modern Pakistan Go to Gandhara in The Oxford Classical Dictionary (3 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1st century CE 2nd century Arts Sculpture Asia South Asia Pakistan
c. 120	Kanishka rules the Kushan empire of Afghanistan and northern India from his capital at Peshawar Go to Kuṣāṇa in A Dictionary of Buddhism (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 2nd century Politics Dynasties and royalty Asia Central Asia Afghanistan South Asia
c. 320	The territory of the Gupta dynasty is extended by Chandra Gupta, to include most of the great plain of the Ganges Go to Gupta in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 4th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Asia South Asia
c. 380	Kalidasa, the most distinguished of India's authors in classical Sanskrit, is at the Gupta court in Patna Go to Kalidasa in The Oxford Companion to Theatre and Performance (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 4th century Literature Drama Poetry Asia South Asia India (republic)
c. 550	Chess is first played at about this time, in India, before spreading west to Persia Go to chess in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 6th century Sports and games Asia South Asia Society
c. 600	The walls of caves at Ajanta are profusely decorated with Buddhist murals Go to Ajanta, India in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 6th century 7th century Arts Painting Religion Asia South Asia India (republic)
712	Muslims, arriving from Persia through Baluchistan, occupy the region of Sind in western India Go to Sind in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 8th century Politics Conquest and colonization Religion Islam Asia South Asia Pakistan
c. 800	The use of zero, essential in practical mathematics, is now familiar in India and is adopted in Baghdad Go to mathematics in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 8th century 9th century Science Mesopotamia Asia West Asia Iraq
c. 900	A Tamil kingdom, established by the Cholas, controls the whole of south India and will last for two centuries Go to Tamils in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 9th century 10th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Asia South Asia India (republic) Zoroastrians migrate from Muslim Persia to India, where they become known as Parsees Go to Parsis in A Dictionary of Hinduism (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 9th century 10th century Religion Asia Central Asia Iran (Persia) South Asia
c. 1000	Buddhist, Hindu and Jain shrines are carved from the rock in the cave temples of Ellora, in India Go to Ellorā in A Dictionary of Buddhism (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 10th century 11th century Arts Sculpture Religion Asia South Asia India (republic) Turks from Ghazni, raiding into northwest India, renew the pressure of Islam on the subcontinent Go to Ghazni (Afghanistan) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 11th century Politics Conquest and colonization Turks Asia South Asia Pakistan Warlike tribal groups, calling themselves Rajput and claiming descent from the Aryan warrior caste, are now in Rajasthan Go to Rajput in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 11th century Migration Asia South Asia India (republic) Society
1025	Mahmud of Ghazni marches an army across an Indian desert to destroy a great temple at Somnath, killing - it is said - some 50,000 Hindus Go to Somnāth in A Dictionary of Hinduism (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 11th century Religion Islam Asia South Asia
c. 1150	After centuries of raiding the northern part of Sri Lanka, the Tamils establish a settled Hindu presence in the island Go to Tamils in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 12th century Politics Conquest and colonization Religion Asia South Asia Sri Lanka
1211	The leader of a Turkish army establishes an independent sultanate in Delhi, beginning many centuries of Muslim rule in north India Go to sultanate in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 13th century Politics Turks Asia South Asia India (republic)
c. 1336	A Hindu empire in southern India is established with its capital at Vijayanagara, meaning 'city of victory' Go to Vijayanagara in A Dictionary of Hinduism (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 14th century Politics Asia South Asia India (republic)
1346	Udiana Deva, the last Hindu ruler of Kashmir, is murdered by his Muslim prime minister Go to Novgorod (Novgorod/Russia) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 14th century Politics Terrorism and assassination Asia South Asia
1398	Timur devastates Delhi and loots treasure to take back to Samarkand on 120 elephants Go to Tamerlane (1336–1405) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 14th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Asia South Asia India (republic)
1498	Vasco da Gama reaches the southern coast of India, at Calicut, after sailing across the Indian Ocean from east Africa Go to da Gama, Vasco (c. 1469–1524) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Exploration Portuguese empire Asia South Asia India (republic) Society Empires
c. 1500	Nanak, the first of the Sikh gurus, takes to the road as a wandering teacher Go to Nanak (1469–1539) in The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century 16th century Religion Asia South Asia
1502	Vasco da Gama wins a trading treaty for Portuguese merchants after bombarding the Indian port of Calicut into submission Go to da Gama, Vasco (c. 1469–1524) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Politics Conquest and colonization Commerce and industry European empires from 1415 Portuguese empire Asia South Asia India (republic) Europe Society Empires
1505	The Portuguese establish a presence in Sri Lanka, trading in the island's crop of cinnamon Go to Sri Lanka in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Politics Conquest and colonization Commerce and industry European empires from 1415 Portuguese empire Asia South Asia Sri Lanka Europe Society Empires
1510	The Portuguese seize Goa and make it their colonial capital in India Go to Goa (India) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Portuguese empire Asia South Asia India (republic) Europe Empires
1526	In a battle at Panipat Babur defeats the sultan of Delhi, launching the Mughal empire in India Go to Babur (1483–1530) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Battles Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia India (republic) Empires
1527	Victory at Khanua, over a Hindu confederation of Rajput rulers, brings Babur a tenuous control over most of northwest India Go to Babur (1483–1530) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Battles Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia Empires
1530	The first Mughal emperor, Babur, dies in India and is succeeded by his son, Humayun Go to Babur (1483–1530) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia Empires
1534	The Portuguese force the local ruler to cede to them the island of Bombay Go to Bombay in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Portuguese empire Asia South Asia Europe Empires
1542	Francis Xavier reaches Goa, at the start of the great mission to the east that will last the nine years until his death Go to Francis Xavier, St (1506–52) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Religion Christianity Monasticism Asia South Asia India (republic)
1543	Humayun, driven west into Afghanistan by Sher Shah, loses his family's new inheritance in India Go to Humayun (1508–56) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia Empires
1555	Civil war within India enables Humayun to win a battle at Sirhind and recover the Mughal throne Go to Humayun (1508–56) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Battles Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia Empires
1556	Humayun dies and Akbar, the greatest of the Mughal emperors, inherits the throne at the age of thirteen Go to Akbar (b. 1542) in A Dictionary of Hinduism (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia Empires
1571	Akbar builds his new palace of Fatehpur Sikri close to the shrine of a Sufi saint Go to Fatehpur Sīkri (Uttar Pradesh/India) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Architecture Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia India (republic) Empires
1573	The tomb in Delhi of the Mughal emperor Humayun introduces the shape of dome which characterizes his dynasty's architecture Go to Humayun (1508–56) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Architecture Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia India (republic) Empires
c. 1590	Arjan, the fifth Sikh guru, builds many gurdwaras and commences the holy city of Amritsar Go to gurdwara noun in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Religion Asia South Asia India (republic)
1605	On the death of Akbar, his son Jahangir succeeds to the Mughal throne Go to Jahangir (1569–1627) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia Empires
1613	The British East India establishes a 'factory' (a secure warehouse for the storing of Indian goods) at Surat, on the west coast Go to East Flanders in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Commerce and industry British empire European empires from 1415 Mughal empire Asia South Asia Europe Society Empires
1615	Sir Thomas Roe, the first British ambassador to India, arrives at the court of the Mughal emperor Jahangir Go to Jahangir (1569–1627) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Politics European empires from 1415 Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia India (republic) Europe Empires The Mughal school of painting reaches a peak of perfection in the reign of Jahangir Go to Jahangir (1569–1627) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Arts Painting Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia India (republic) Empires
1632	Shah Jahan orders that all recently built Hindu temples shall be destroyed, ending the Mughal tradition of religious tolerance Go to Shah Jahan (1592–1666) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Politics Persecution and repression Religion Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia Empires Shah Jahan begins building the Taj Mahal as a memorial for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal Go to Taj Mahal in The Oxford Dictionary of Islam (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Architecture Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia India (republic) Empires
1644	The British East India Company completes the construction of Fort St George in Madras Go to East Flanders in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Politics Conquest and colonization Commerce and industry British empire European empires from 1415 Mughal empire Asia South Asia India (republic) Europe Society Empires
1646	A young Hindu prince, Shivaji, captures Bijapur in a campaign against Muslim rulers that will result in his establishing a Maratha empire Go to Maratha in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia Empires
1658	For the final years of his life Shah Jahan is held a prisoner, by his son Aurangzeb, in Agra's Red Fort Go to Shah Jahan (1592–1666) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia India (republic) Empires
1668	England's East India Company is granted a lease on Bombay by Charles II, who has received it from his Portuguese bride Go to Catherine of Braganza (1638–1705) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Politics Conquest and colonization Commerce and industry British empire European empires from 1415 Mughal empire Portuguese empire Asia South Asia India (republic) Europe Society Empires
1673	The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb begins building the great Badshahi Mosque in Lahore Go to Aurangzeb Sixth emperor of Mughal India (1658–1707) in The Oxford Dictionary of Islam (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Architecture Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia Pakistan Empires
c. 1690	France by now has six fortified trading settlements around the coast of India, of which Pondicherry is the most important Go to Pondicherry (India) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Politics Conquest and colonization Commerce and industry European empires from 1415 French empire Mughal empire Asia South Asia India (republic) Europe Society Empires
1696	Fort St William is built by the East India Company in the Ganges delta, and subsequently develops into Calcutta Go to Calcutta in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Politics Conquest and colonization Commerce and industry British empire European empires from 1415 Mughal empire Asia South Asia India (republic) Europe Society Empires
1699	The tenth Sikh guru, Gobind Rai, commits his people to the five Ks, which become the outward signs of their group identity Go to Five Ks in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Religion Asia South Asia
1704	The tenth Sikh guru, Gobind Rai, names as his successor the sacred book known as the Granth Go to Ādi Granth in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Religion Asia South Asia
1707	The death of Aurangzeb introduces the long period of decline of the Mughal empire Go to Aurangzeb Sixth emperor of Mughal India (1658–1707) in The Oxford Dictionary of Islam (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia Empires
1739	The Persian ruler Nadir Shah enters Delhi and removes much of the accumulated treasure of the Mughal empire Go to Nadir Shah (1688–1747) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century War Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia India (republic) Empires
1746	French forces capture the British East India Company's fort of Madras Go to Austrian Succession, War of the (1740–48) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century War Asia South Asia
1751	Robert Clive prevails over the French after holding out during the seven-week siege of Arcot in southern India Go to Clive, Robert (1725–74) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century French and Indian War War British empire French empire Mughal empire Asia South Asia Empires Wars and Revolutions
1756	122 people die after being locked overnight in a small room in Calcutta, in an incident that becomes known as the Black Hole of Calcutta Go to Black Hole of Calcutta in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Politics Conquest and colonization British empire European empires from 1415 Mughal empire Asia South Asia Europe Empires
1757	Robert Clive defeats the nawab of Bengal at the battle of Plassey, and places his own man on the throne Go to Clive, Robert (1725–74) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Politics Conquest and colonization War British empire European empires from 1415 Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia Europe Empires
1799	A Sikh maharajah, Ranjit Singh, captures Lahore and makes it his capital in his campaign to unify the Punjab Go to Ranjit Singh in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Asia South Asia Tipu Sultan, ruler of Mysore, is killed fighting the British at Seringapatam Go to Tipu Sultan (c. 1753–99) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Politics Conquest and colonization War British empire Asia South Asia Empires
1809	Ranjit Singh, maharaja of the Punjab, agrees an eastern boundary between himself and the British in the Treaty of Amritsar Go to Ranjit Singh (1780–1839) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Conquest and colonization British empire European empires from 1415 Mughal empire Asia South Asia Europe Empires
1817	British officers, hoping to shoot a tiger, come across the forgotten Buddhist caves of Ajanta Go to Ajaṇṭā in A Dictionary of Buddhism (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Arts Painting Asia South Asia
1819	The Sikh maharajah of the Punjab, Ranjit Singh, conquers Kashmir, beginning a century and a half of Sikh dominance in the region Go to Ranjit Singh in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Conquest and colonization Asia South Asia
1845	The first Anglo-Sikh war breaks out between Sikh forces in the Punjab and encroaching forces of Britain's East India Company Go to Sikh Wars (1845–49) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era War British empire European empires from 1415 Mughal empire Asia South Asia Europe Empires
1846	The first Anglo-Sikh war ends with the Treaty of Lahore, by which Jammu and Kashmir are ceded to the British Go to Sikh Wars (1845–49) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Politics War British empire European empires from 1415 Mughal empire Asia South Asia Europe Empires
1848	The second Anglo-Sikh war begins when a British army invades the Punjab to suppress a local uprising Go to Sikh Wars (1845–49) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era War British empire European empires from 1415 Mughal empire Asia South Asia Europe Empires
1849	A British victory at the Battle of Gujarat effectively ends the second Anglo-Sikh war, and is followed by annexation of the Punjab Go to Sikh Wars (1845–49) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Politics Conquest and colonization War British empire European empires from 1415 Mughal empire Asia South Asia Europe Empires
1857	Animal fat on a new issue of cartridges sparks off the Indian Mutiny, also know as the First War of Indian Independence Go to Indian Mutiny (1857–58) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Politics Protest and rebellion War European empires from 1415 Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia Europe Empires After being besieged for five months in Lucknow, the remnants of the British garrison finally escape Go to Lucknow in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Politics Protest and rebellion War European empires from 1415 Asia South Asia Europe Empires
1858	Lucknow is retaken by the British, nearly a year after it fell to the rebels Go to Lucknow in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Politics Protest and rebellion War European empires from 1415 Asia South Asia Europe Empires The end of the Indian Mutiny is followed by brutal British retaliation Go to Indian Mutiny (1857–58) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Politics Protest and rebellion War European empires from 1415 Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia Europe Empires The India Act places India under the direct control of the British government, ending the rule of the East India Company Go to India Acts in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Britain 1750-1900 Politics Conquest and colonization Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British empire European empires from 1415 Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia Europe Empires Britain The last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah II, is deposed by the British and exiled to Rangoon, in Burma Go to Mogul Empire (1526–1857) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Politics Dynasties and royalty European empires from 1415 Mughal empire Muslim empires Asia South Asia Europe Empires
1903	Edward VII, the first British monarch to travel to India, holds a great coronation durbar in Delhi Go to Edward VII (1841–1910) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Edwardian era 1900s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization War British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa British monarchs - from 1066 Africa Asia South Asia India (republic) Europe Empires Rulers and politicians
1906	The All-India Muslim League is set up at a meeting of the Muhammadan Educational Conference in Dhaka Go to Muslim League in The Oxford Dictionary of Islam (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Edwardian era 1900s 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Religion Islam War British empire Asia South Asia Empires
1909	Mahatma Gandhi, on a visit to India, publishes a pamphlet entitled Hind Swaraj ("Indian Home Rule") Go to Gandhi, Mahatma (1869–1948) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Edwardian era 1900s 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent War British empire European empires from 1415 Asia South Asia Europe Empires
1911	The British monarch George V holds a great durbar in Delhi to celebrate his coronation as emperor of India Go to George V (1865–1936) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1910s 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British empire European empires from 1415 British monarchs - from 1066 Asia South Asia India (republic) Europe Empires Rulers and politicians
1912	Rabindranath Tagore publishes a collection of his Bengali poems in Gitanjali Go to Tagore, Rabindranath (1861–1941) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1910s 20th century Literature Poetry Asia South Asia
1913	Construction begins on the government buildings in New Delhi, designed by Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker Go to Lutyens, Sir Edwin Landseer (1869–1944) in A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1910s 20th century Architecture British architecture British empire Asia South Asia Europe Empires Britain
1914	from August - the German cruiser Emden carries out successful raids on British shipping in the seas around India Go to Emden in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Maritime History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War Asia South Asia Wars since 1900
1915	Mahatma Gandhi returns to India after more than twenty years in South Africa Go to Gandhi, Mahatma (1869–1948) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1910s 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent British empire Asia South Asia Empires
1919	More than 300 die when British troops fire on a peaceful demonstration in Amritsar Go to Amritsar Massacres (1919) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1910s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Asia South Asia India (republic) Europe Empires
c. 1921	The first traces are found of a major but entirely forgotten civilization in the Indus valley Go to Indus Valley civilization in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Asia South Asia
1922	Mahatma Gandhi is arrested by the British in India as an agitator and is sentenced to six years in prison Go to Gandhi, Mahatma (1869–1948) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1920s 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion British empire European empires from 1415 Asia South Asia Europe Empires
1925	The RSS party, from which the present Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) derives, is established in India by Keshava Baliram Hedgewar Go to Rāṣṭrīya Svayamsevak Saṅgh(a) in A Dictionary of Hinduism (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1920s 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Religion Asia South Asia
1930	Mahatma Gandhi leads a 240-mile march from Ahmedabad to the sea to defy the British salt tax, thus launching a campaign of civil disobedience Go to Salt March in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion British empire European empires from 1415 Asia South Asia Europe Empires
c. 1931	Sectarian hostilities increase in Kashmir, with the Muslim majority resenting the favours shown by the British to the Sikh and Hindu elite Go to Abdullah, Sheikh Muhammad (1905–82) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Religion Islam Social and domestic British empire Asia South Asia India (republic) Pakistan Society Empires
1934	Mohammed Ali Jinnah becomes president of the Muslim League in India Go to Jinnah, Mohammed Ali (1876–1948) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Religion Islam British empire European empires from 1415 Asia South Asia Europe Empires
1935	R.K. Narayan's novel Swami and Friends is the first set in his fictional town of Malgudi Go to Narayan, R. K. (1906–2001) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1930s 20th century Literature Literature in English Fiction Asia South Asia India (republic) Europe
1940	Mohammed Ali Jinnah puts forward the concept of independent Muslim states within India Go to Jinnah, Mohammed Ali (1876–1948) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1940s 20th century Politics Religion Islam European empires from 1415 Asia South Asia Pakistan Europe Empires
1942	Mahatma Gandhi launches the Quit India Movement, calling on a large crowd in Bombay to 'do or die' in the struggle to expel the British Go to Gandhi, Mahatma (1869–1948) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1940s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization British empire European empires from 1415 Asia South Asia India (republic) Europe Empires Mahatma Gandhi and nearly all the leaders of India's Congress party are arrested and will remain in prison until the end of the war Go to Gandhi, ‘Mahatma’ (1869–1948) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1940s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization British empire European empires from 1415 Asia South Asia India (republic) Europe Empires
1947	In granting independence to India, Britain partitions the subcontinent along sectarian lines into Pakistan and the republic of India Go to Partition in A Dictionary of Hinduism (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1940s 20th century Politics Religion Islam British empire European empires from 1415 Asia South Asia Europe Empires Louis Mountbatten, the last viceroy of India, becomes also the first governor-general Go to Mountbatten, Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (1900–79) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1940s 20th century Politics British empire Asia South Asia India (republic) Empires Jawaharlal Nehru becomes prime minister of the newly independent republic of India Go to Nehru, Jawaharlal (1889–1964) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1940s 20th century Politics British empire European empires from 1415 Asia South Asia India (republic) Europe Empires Muslim leader Mohammed Ali Jinnah becomes the first governor-general of the new state of Pakistan Go to Jinnah, Mohammed Ali (1876–1948) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1940s 20th century Politics British empire European empires from 1415 Asia South Asia Pakistan Europe Empires Muslims proclaim an independent state in west Kashmir, defying the wishes of the maharaja Go to Kashmir in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1940s 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Religion Islam Asia South Asia India (republic) Violent sectarian division in Kashmir results in war between India and Pakistan in support of the rival sides Go to Kashmir in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1940s 20th century War Asia South Asia India (republic) Pakistan
1948	Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated at a Delhi prayer meeting by a Hindu extremist, Nathuram Godse Go to Gāndhī, Mohandas Karamchand (1869–1948) in A Dictionary of Hinduism (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1940s 20th century Politics Terrorism and assassination British empire Asia South Asia India (republic) Empires
1949	The first Indo-Pakistani war ends with a Kashmir demarcation line approved by the UN but acceptable to neither state Go to Kashmir in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1940s 20th century War Asia South Asia India (republic) Pakistan
1950	Le Corbusier begins a 15-year project designing Chandigarh as a new joint capital for Punjab and Hariyana Go to Chandigarh in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1950s 20th century Architecture Asia South Asia India (republic)
1952	Albanian missionary Mother Teresa opens the Nirmal Hriday, or Kalighat Home for Dying Destitutes, in Calcutta Go to Teresa, Mother (1910–1997) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1950s 20th century Religion Christianity Social and domestic Asia South Asia India (republic) Society
1953	New Zealander Edmund Hillary and the Sherpa Tenzing Norgay stand together on the top of Everest Go to Hillary, Sir Edmund Percival (1919–2008) in A Dictionary of Sports Studies (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1950s 20th century Exploration Asia South Asia India (republic) Society
1955	Indian director Satyajit Ray makes his first film, Pather Panchali Go to Ray, Satyajit (1921–1992) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1950s 20th century Performing arts Film Asia South Asia India (republic)
1958	Ayub Khan, commander-in-chief of the Pakistani army, replaces Iskander Mirza as president in a bloodless coup Go to Ayub Khan, Muhammad (b. 14 May 1907) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1950s 20th century Politics Asia South Asia Pakistan
1959	The Dalai Lama escapes from Tibet to India after the Chinese suppression of an armed uprising costing thousands of lives Go to Dalai Lama (1935– ) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1950s 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion Religion Asia East Asia China South Asia India (republic) Solomon Bandaranaike is assassinated by a Buddhist monk after only three years as prime minister of Sri Lanka Go to Bandaranaike, S. W. R. D. (1899–1959) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1950s 20th century Politics Terrorism and assassination Asia South Asia Sri Lanka
1960	Sirimavo Bandaranaike, widow of the assassinated Solomon Bandaranaike, begins the first of three long spells as prime minister of Sri Lanka Go to Bandaranaike, Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias (1916–2000) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century Politics Asia South Asia Sri Lanka
1962	China prevails in a five-week war with India over disputed boundaries Go to Indo‐Chinese War in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century War Asia East Asia China South Asia India (republic)
1965	After a summer of border skirmishes in Pakistan, an Indian advance towards Lahore initiates full-scale war between the two countries Go to Indo-Pakistan Conflict in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century War Asia South Asia India (republic) Pakistan A UN-sponsored cease-fire brings the second Indo-Pakistan war to an end after less than three weeks Go to Indo-Pakistan Conflict in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century War Asia South Asia India (republic) Pakistan
1966	Nehru's daughter, Indira Gandhi, becomes India's prime minister as leader of the Congress party Go to Gandhi, Indira (b. 19 Nov. 1917) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century Politics Asia South Asia India (republic) Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, leader of the Awami League, demands full autonomy for East Pakistan (Bangladesh) Go to Mujibur Rahman, Sheikh (b. 1920) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion Asia South Asia
1969	Pakistan's president Ayub Khan hands over power to another general, Yahya Khan, who introduces martial law Go to Yahya Khan, Agha Mohammed (b. 4 Feb. 1917) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century Politics Asia South Asia Pakistan
1970	Mujibur Rahman and his Awami League win on an independence platform in the election in East Pakistan Go to Mujibur Rahman, Sheikh (b. 1920) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1970s 20th century Politics Asia South Asia Pakistan In the Pakistan election, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto wins a clear majority in West Pakistan Go to Bhutto, Zulfiqar Ali (5 Jan. 1928) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1970s 20th century Politics Asia South Asia Pakistan The outgoing Pakistan government, led by Yahya Khan, rejects the election result and sends troops to East Pakistan Go to Yahya Khan, Agha Mohammed (b. 4 Feb. 1917) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1970s 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Persecution and repression War Asia South Asia Pakistan
1971	Indian sitar-player Ravi Shankar composes the first of his two concertos for sitar and orchestra Go to Shankar, Ravi (7 April 1920) in The Oxford Companion to Music (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1970s 20th century Performing arts Music Asia South Asia India (republic) Awami League leader Mujibur Rahman declares unilaterally that Bangladesh (East Pakistan) is an independent state Go to Bangladesh in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1970s 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion Asia South Asia The arrest of Mujibur Rahman, together with brutal attempts at repression, turn resistance in East Pakistan into full-scale civil war Go to Bangladesh in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1970s 20th century Politics Persecution and repression War Asia South Asia Pakistan India intervenes in the Pakistan civil war on the side of East Pakistan, the future Bangladesh Go to Bangladesh in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1970s 20th century War Asia South Asia India (republic) Pakistan Pakistan surrenders to India within a month of Indian intervention in the war to suppress East Pakistan Go to Indo‐Pakistan Wars in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1970s 20th century War Asia South Asia India (republic) Pakistan With the end of the war between Pakistan and India, East Pakistan becomes independent as Bangladesh Go to Bangladesh in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1970s 20th century Politics War Asia South Asia Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto takes over as president of Pakistan, now consisting only of its western half Go to Bhutto, Zulfiqar Ali (5 Jan. 1928) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1970s 20th century Politics Asia South Asia Pakistan
1972	Sheikh Mujibur Rahman returns from prison in West Pakistan to become prime minister of the newly independent state of Bangladesh Go to Mujibur Rahman, Sheikh (b. 1920) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1970s 20th century Politics Asia South Asia
1975	Mujibur Rahman, with most of his family, is assassinated by junior officers in a coup in Bangladesh Go to Mujibur Rahman, Sheikh (b. 1920) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1970s 20th century Politics Asia South Asia
1977	Zia ul-Haq, the Chief of Army Staff, takes power in a bloodless coup against the government of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Go to Zia‐ul‐Haq, General Mohammed (b. 1924) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1970s 20th century Politics Asia South Asia Pakistan
1979	Ex-president Zulfikar Ali Bhutto is executed in Pakistan for allegedly authorizing the murder of a political opponent Go to Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali (b. 5 Jan. 1928) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1970s 20th century Politics Asia South Asia Pakistan
1980	The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) emerges in India from previous Hindu nationalist groups and soon acquires a large following Go to Bharatiya Janata Party in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1980s 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Asia South Asia India (republic)
1983	The Tamil Tigers launch a civil war against the Sinhalese majority in Sri Lanka Go to Tamil Tigers in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1980s 20th century War Asia South Asia Sri Lanka
1984	Sikh rebels, demanding an independent Punjab, seize the Golden Temple in Amritsar Go to Punjab in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1980s 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion Terrorism and assassination Religion Asia South Asia India (republic) Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi uses the army to dislodge militant Sikhs occupying the Golden Temple in Amritsar Go to Gandhi, Indira (1917–1984) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1980s 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion Asia South Asia India (republic) Indira Gandhi is assassinated in Delhi by members of her Sikh bodyguard, in retaliation for the desecration of the Golden Temple Go to Gandhi, Indira (1917–1984) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1980s 20th century Politics Terrorism and assassination Asia South Asia India (republic) Rajiv Gandhi succeeds his mother as leader of the Congress party and prime minister of India Go to Gandhi, Rajiv (20. Aug. 1944) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1980s 20th century Politics Asia South Asia India (republic) More than 2000 die in the Indian city of Bhopal when toxic gas escapes from a Union Carbide plant Go to Bhopal in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1980s 20th century Social and domestic Asia South Asia India (republic) Society
1988	35-year-old Benazir Bhutto, daughter of the executed president, leads a coalition government in Pakistan Go to Bhutto, Benazir (21 June 1953) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1980s 20th century Politics Asia South Asia Pakistan
1990	Benazir Bhutto's government is dismissed on corruption charges and her party loses the resulting elections Go to Bhutto, Benazir (21 June 1953) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1990s 20th century Politics Asia South Asia Pakistan
1991	Rajiv Gandhi is killed near Chennai, during an election campaign, by a suicide bomber on behalf of Tamil militants Go to Gandhi, Rajiv (20. Aug. 1944) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1990s 20th century Politics Terrorism and assassination Asia South Asia India (republic)
1993	After only three years in opposition, Benazir Bhutto wins a second term as prime minister of Pakistan Go to Bhutto, Benazir (21 June 1953) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1990s 20th century Politics Asia South Asia Pakistan
1996	Benazir Bhutto is dismissed from government in Pakistan for a second time, again on corruption charges Go to Bhutto, Benazir (21 June 1953) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1990s 20th century Politics Asia South Asia Pakistan
1997	Indian author Arundhati Roy publishes her first novel, The God of Small Things Go to Roy, Arundhati (1961– ) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1990s 20th century Literature Literature in English Fiction Asia South Asia India (republic) Europe
1999	A Pakistani general, Pervez Musharraf, takes power in a military coup Go to Musharraf, Pervez (b. 11 Aug. 1943) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1990s 20th century Politics Asia South Asia Pakistan
2001	An earthquake kills about 20,000 people in the region of Bhuj in the Indian state of Gujarat Go to India in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 21st century Social and domestic Asia South Asia India (republic) Society Crown Prince Dipendra kills nine members of his own royal family at the court of Nepal Go to Nepal in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 21st century Politics Dynasties and royalty Terrorism and assassination Social and domestic Asia South Asia Society
2005	An earthquake kills more than 70,000 people in inaccessible regions near Muzaffarabad in the Pakistan part of Kashmir Go to earthquake in A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 21st century Social and domestic Asia South Asia Pakistan Society
2006	A series of coordinated terrorist bombs explode on trains during the crowded evening rush hour in Mumbai (Bombay) Go to Mumbai in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 21st century Politics Terrorism and assassination Asia South Asia India (republic)
2009	The long civil war in Sri Lanka ends with the conclusive defeat of the Tamil Tigers by government forces Go to Tamils in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 21st century War Asia South Asia Sri Lanka

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date: 18 May 2025

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