West Africa

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Timeline: West Africa

Years: c. 2000 BCE - 2011	Subject: Encyclopedias, Geographical reference
Publisher: HistoryWorld	Online Publication Date: 2012
Current online version: 2012	eISBN: 9780191735851

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BCE CE

Year	Event
c. 2000 BCE	Africa south of the equatorial forests is largely inhabited by the Khoisan, of whom the San and the Hottentots are the modern survivors Go to Khoisan in Encyclopedia of Africa (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE Migration Africa Central Africa East Africa South Africa Society
c. 500 BCE	Nok terracotta figures, found in modern Nigeria, stand at the beginning of the rich tradition of African sculpture Go to Nok in Encyclopedia of Africa (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 6th century BCE 5th century BCE Arts Decorative arts Sculpture Africa
c. 700	The ancient kingdom of Ghana is the first to be established at the southern end of the Saharan trade routes See this event in other timelines: 7th century 8th century Politics Africa
c. 1000	A Muslim dynasty is established at Gao, on the Niger Go to Gao (Mali) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 10th century 11th century Politics Conquest and colonization Religion Islam Africa Germany
c. 1050	Ife emerges as a powerful kingdom in the equatorial forest of the lower Niger Go to Ife (Osun/Nigeria) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 11th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Africa Germany
c. 1200	Terracotta heads and figures are buried in graves in the region of Djenné in modern Mali Go to terracotta in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 12th century 13th century Arts Decorative arts Religion Africa
c. 1240	A warlord, Sundiata, conquers Ghana and establishes the kingdom of Mali Go to Sundiata Keita (1210?–1260?) in Encyclopedia of Africa (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 13th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Africa
c. 1250	The Yoruba people of Ife create extraordinary sculptures in brass Go to Ife (Osun/Nigeria) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 13th century Arts Sculpture Africa
1446	Portugal claims ownership of the region of Guinea, subsequently the centre of their slave trade on the west African coast Go to slave trade, African in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Politics Conquest and colonization Commerce and industry Slavery European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Portuguese empire Africa Europe Society Empires
c. 1450	A warrior king, Ewuare, establishes the forest kingdom of Benin Go to Benin, Kingdom of in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Politics Africa
1466	The Portuguese settlers on the Cape Verde islands are granted a monopoly on the new slave trade Go to Cape Verde in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Slavery European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Portuguese empire Africa Europe Society Empires
c. 1480	An increase in trade through the central Sahara benefits the Songhay, with their capital at Gao, at the expense of Mali Go to Songhay in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Commerce and industry Africa Society
1492	A French privateer off the west coast of Ghana is the first to plunder a Portuguese vessel carrying home African gold Go to privateers in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century Commerce and industry Africa Society
c. 1500	The people of Benin begin a lasting tradition of sculpture in brass, melted down from objects brought by traders Go to Benin, Kingdom of in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 15th century 16th century Arts Sculpture Africa
c. 1550	Africans, bought in the Portuguese trading posts of west Africa, are shipped across the Atlantic as slaves Go to slave trade, African in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Slavery European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Portuguese empire Africa Europe Society Empires Latin America
c. 1570	The Ashanti establish a powerful kingdom in present-day Ghana, with their capital at Kumasi Go to Ashanti in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century Politics Africa
c. 1600	The Yoruba develop an extensive empire centred on Oyo in southern Nigeria Go to Yoruba in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 16th century 17th century Politics Africa
c. 1625	Three brothers among the Dahomey people establish a long-lasting kingdom in the Bight of Benin Go to Dahomey in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Africa
1638	The French build a trading station on the estuary of the Senegal river in west Africa Go to Senegal River in Encyclopedia of Africa (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Politics Conquest and colonization Commerce and industry European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa French empire Africa Europe Society Empires
1661	The British establish Fort James on an island in the Gambia river Go to Gambia River in Encyclopedia of Africa (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 17th century Politics Conquest and colonization Commerce and industry British empire European empires from 1415 Africa Europe Society Empires
c. 1770	The triangular trade, controlled from Liverpool, ships millions of Africans across the Atlantic as slaves Go to slave trade, African in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Britain 1750-1900 Migration Slavery Great Britain - from 1707 British Isles European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Society Empires Britain Latin America North America
1787	A British ship lands a party of freed slaves as the first modern settlers in Sierra Leone, on the west coast of Africa Go to Sierra Leone in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Migration Slavery European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Society Empires
1795	Mungo Park sets off on his first expedition to explore the Niger on behalf of the African Association Go to Park, Mungo (1771–1806) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 18th century Exploration British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Germany Society Empires
1808	The British government uses Freetown, in Sierra Leone, as a base in the fight against the slave trade Go to Freetown (Antigua, The Bahamas, Canada, Jamaica, Sierra Leone, USA) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Slavery European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Society Empires
1809	The Fulani establish a capital at Sokoto, from which they dominate the Hausa kingdoms of northern Nigeria Go to Fulani empire of Sokoto in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Conquest and colonization Africa Germany
1816	The British establish Bathurst (now Banjul) at the mouth of the Gambia as a base against the slave trade Go to Banjul (The Gambia) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Slavery European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Society Empires
1821	The American Colonization Society buys the area later known as Liberia to settle freed slaves Go to American Colonization Society in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Migration Slavery European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Society Empires
1822	The first shipload of freed slaves reaches Cape Mesurado (in the region soon called Liberia) from the USA Go to Liberia (and Costa Rica) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Migration Slavery European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Society Empires
1830	Richard Lander and his brother John explore the lower reaches of the Niger, proving that the great river is navigable Go to Lander, Richard Lemon (1804–34) in The Oxford Companion to British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Exploration British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Germany Society Empires
1832	The paddle steamer Alburkah becomes the first ocean-going iron ship, completing the journey from England to the Niger Go to paddle steamer noun in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Steam Exploration Technology Engineering European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Germany Society Empires
c. 1841	Britain sends four naval ships up the river Niger to make anti-slavery treaties with local kings Go to Buxton, Thomas Fowell (1786–1845) in The Oxford Companion to British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Slavery British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Germany Society Empires
1847	Liberia wins independence and international recognition as a republic Go to Liberia in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Empires
1850	The British government buys the Danish fortresses on the Gold Coast, including Christiansborg castle in Accra Go to Ghana in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Politics Conquest and colonization British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Denmark Empires
1854	William Baikie, on an expedition up the Niger, protects his men from malaria by administering quinine Go to quinine in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Science Medicine Africa Germany
1861	Lagos, on the coast of Nigeria, is annexed as a British colony when the royal family prove unable or unwilling to end the slave trade Go to Lagos in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Politics Conquest and colonization Slavery British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Germany Society Empires
1862	Richard Burton, visiting Dahomey, provides reports of the kingdom's celebrated Amazons preparing for war Go to Burton, Sir Richard (1821–90) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Exploration War Africa Society
1874	The southern region of present-day Ghana becomes a British colony, to be known as the Gold Coast Go to Ghana in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Politics Conquest and colonization British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Empires
1879	George Goldie and British traders on the Niger form the United African Company (later the Royal Niger Company) to consolidate their interests Go to Concessionary Companies in Africa in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Commerce and industry British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Germany Society Empires
1884	Bismarck launches the colonial scramble for Africa by suddenly annexing three territories for Germany (Togo, Cameroon and Angria Pequena) Go to Africa, partition of in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa German empire Africa Europe Germany Empires Gustav Nachtigal arrives in Togo and persuades local chiefs to accept the protection of the German emperor Go to German Second empire (1871–1918) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa German empire Africa Europe Empires Gustav Nachtigal, moving on to Cameroon, annexes this region too for the new German empire Go to German Second empire (1871–1918) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa German empire Africa Europe Empires Bismarck invites the European powers to a West Africa Conference in Berlin Go to Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 in Encyclopedia of Africa (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Politics Conquest and colonization British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa German empire Africa Europe Germany Empires
1889	France and Britain agree colonial boundaries for Senegal and Gambia in west Africa Go to Gambia, The in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Politics Conquest and colonization British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa French empire Africa Europe Empires
1892	The French establish a protectorate in part of the ancient kingdom of Dahomey in west Africa Go to Dahomey expedition (1892–4) in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa French empire Africa Europe Empires
1893	France claims the Ivory Coast (or Côte d'Ivoire) in west Africa as a French colony Go to Côte d'Ivoire in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa French empire Africa Europe Empires
1897	The British burn Benin City in a punitive expedition after members of a British delegation are murdered Go to Benin, Kingdom of in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Politics Conquest and colonization British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Empires
1900	The British government assumes direct responsibility for the entire region of Nigeria, previously entrusted to a commercial company Go to Nigeria in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era 1900s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Germany Empires
1904	The German general Lothar von Trotha drives 8000 Herrero people to slow death in the Kalahari desert Go to Herero Wars (1904–08) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1900s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa German empire Africa Europe Empires
1913	Albert Schweitzer and his wife become missionaries at Lambaréné in west Africa Go to Schweitzer, Albert (1875–1965) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1910s 20th century Religion Christianity Africa
1914	British rule is consolidated in Nigeria by the merging of north and south as a single colony Go to Nigeria in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1910s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Germany Empires August - British and French forces invade the German colony of Togoland Go to Togoland in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa German empire Africa Europe Empires Wars since 1900
1916	British and French forces win full control of the German colonies of Togoland and Cameroon Go to Togoland in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 1910s 20th century War European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa German empire Africa Europe Empires Wars since 1900
1922	The League of Nations gives France and Britain mandates to govern separate areas of the German colony of Cameroon Go to Cameroon in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1920s 20th century Politics European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa German empire Africa Europe Empires France and Britain are given a League of Nations mandate to govern separate areas of the German colony of Togoland Go to Togoland in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1920s 20th century Politics European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa German empire Africa Europe Empires
1943	William Tubman begins a 28-year spell as president of Liberia Go to Tubman, William Vacanarat Shadrach (Nov. 1895) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1940s 20th century Politics Africa
1952	Kwame Nkrumah, recently released from gaol, becomes prime minister of the British colony of the Gold Coast Go to Nkrumah, Kwame (c. 1909–1972) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1950s 20th century Politics European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Empires
1956	After a plebiscite British Togo is merged with the neighbouring colony of the Gold Coast Go to Togo in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1950s 20th century Politics European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Empires
1957	Kwame Nkrumah leads the Gold Coast into independence under a name of historic resonance, Ghana Go to Ghana in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1950s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Empires
1958	Nigerian dramatist Wole Soyinka's play The Swamp Dwellers is produced in London Go to Soyinka, Wole (1934– ) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1950s 20th century Performing arts Theatre Literature American literature Literature in English German literature Drama Africa Germany The colony of French Guinea opts for immediate independence as the republic of Guinea, breaking its links with France Go to Guinea in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1950s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa French empire Africa Europe Empires Sekou Touré, the first president of Guinea, settles in for twenty-six years of dictatorial rule Go to Touré, Ahmed Sékou (9 Jan. 1922) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1950s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization Africa
1960	French Togo becomes independent as the republic of Togo, with Sylvanus Olympio as president Go to Togo in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa French empire Africa Europe Empires French Sudan becomes independent as the republic of Mali, with Modibo Keita as president Go to Mali in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa French empire Africa Europe Empires The French colony of Dahomey (known from 1975 as Benin) becomes independent but suffers six military coups in its first twelve years Go to Benin in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa French empire Africa Europe Empires Niger becomes independent, with Hamani Diori as the new nation's first president Go to Niger in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Germany Empires The French colony of Upper Volta becomes independent as Burkina Faso, with Maurice Yaméogo as president Go to Burkina Faso in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa French empire Africa Europe Empires Félix Houphouët-Boigny, first president of the newly independent Ivory Coast, begins thirty-three years of relatively peaceful rule Go to Ivory Coast in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Empires The French colony of Senegal becomes independent, with Léopold Senghor as the new nation's first president Go to Senegal in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa French empire Africa Europe Empires Nigeria wins independence, with Abubakar Tafawa Balewa as prime minister, but its stability is threatened by tribal and regional factions Go to Nigeria in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Empires The French colony of Mauritania becomes independent, with Moktar Ould Daddah as president Go to Mauritania in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa French empire Africa Europe Empires
1961	Former British colony Sierra Leone becomes an independent state within the Commonwealth Go to Sierra Leone in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Empires The southern part of the British Cameroons votes to merge with Cameroun, becoming the federal republic of Cameroon Go to Cameroon in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century Politics European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Empires
1965	The Gambia becomes an independent member of the Commonwealth, with Dawda Jawara as prime minister Go to Gambia in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Europe Empires
1966	Kwame Nkrumah, the founding father of Ghana, is toppled in a coup while away on a state visit to China Go to Nkrumah, Kwame (c. 1909–1972) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century Politics Africa
1967	The Ibo of eastern Nigeria claim independence for their region – as the republic of Biafra Go to Biafra in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1960s 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion Africa Germany
1970	The breakaway province of Biafra surrenders after three years of devastating civil war in Nigeria Go to Biafra in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1970s 20th century War Africa Germany
1974	Portuguese Guinea becomes independent as Guinea-Bissau, with Luís Cabral as president Go to Guinea-Bissau in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1970s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Portuguese empire Africa Europe Empires
1975	The republic of Dahomey changes its name to one already famous in African history – Benin Go to Benin in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1970s 20th century Politics Africa Yakubu Gowon, who united Nigeria after the Biafran war, is thrown out in a military coup Go to Gowon, Yakubu (19 Oct. 1934) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1970s 20th century Politics Africa Germany The Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa, become independent as the republic of Cape Verde Go to Cape Verde in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1970s 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Portuguese empire Africa Europe Empires
1979	Young officers, led by flight lieutenant Jerry Rawlings, take power in a coup in Ghana Go to Rawlings, Jerry John (22 June 1947) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1970s 20th century Politics Africa
1982	Senegal and the Gambia partially merge as Senegambia, in a confederation which lasts seven years Go to Senegambia in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1980s 20th century Politics Africa
1984	The name of Upper Volta is changed to Burkina Faso, meaning 'land of incorruptible people' Go to Burkina Faso in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1980s 20th century Politics Africa
1990	The aged president, Félix Houphouët-Boigny, wins the Ivory Coast's first democratic elections Go to Houphouët‐Boigny, Félix (b. 18 Oct. 1905?) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1990s 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Africa
1991	A Tuareg uprising in Mali results in some 120,000 refugees fleeing the country Go to Mali in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1990s 20th century Politics Africa The incumbent president, Mathieu Kérékou, loses in Benin's first democratic election Go to Benin, Republic of in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1990s 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Africa The Revolutionary United Front, led by Foday Sankoh, attacks Sierra Leone from bases in Liberia Go to Sierra Leone in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1990s 20th century War Africa
1993	Guinea's first democratic election is won by the incumbent president, Lansana Conté Go to Guinea in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1990s 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Africa
1995	Ken Saro-Wiwa, playwright and pro-democracy campaigner in Nigeria, is among a group hanged by the ruling junta Go to Saro-Wiwa, Ken(ule) Beeson (1941–95) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1990s 20th century Politics Africa Germany
1996	Jerry Rawlings has a convincing electoral victory after seventeen years in power in Ghana Go to Rawlings, Jerry John (22 June 1947) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1990s 20th century Politics Africa
1997	Ghanaian diplomat Kofi Annan is appointed secretary-general of the United Nations, becoming the first black African in the post Go to Annan, Kofi (1938– ) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1990s 20th century Politics Africa The civilian president of Sierra Leone, Ahmad Kabbah, is ousted in a military coup led by Johnny Koroma Go to Sierra Leone in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1990s 20th century Politics Africa
1998	Nigerian forces expel Johnny Koroma from Freetown and reinstate Sierra Leone's elected civilian president, Ahmad Kabbah Go to Sierra Leone in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1990s 20th century Politics Africa Germany
1999	President Kabbah and the guerrilla leader Foday Sankoh arrange for shared government in Sierra Leone Go to Sierra Leone in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1990s 20th century Politics Africa The UN commits 6000 troops to a peace-keeping role in war-torn Sierra Leone Go to Sierra Leone in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 1990s 20th century War Africa
2011	The civil war in Ivory Coast is possibly ended by the capture of former president, and recently defeated presidential candidate, Laurent Gbagbo Go to Ivory Coast in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 21st century War Africa

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date: 28 March 2025

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