1910s

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Timeline: 1910s

Years: 1910 - 1919	Subject: History, modern history (1700 to 1945)
Publisher: HistoryWorld	Online Publication Date: 2012
Current online version: 2012	eISBN: 9780191735653

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Year	Event
1910	D.W. Griffith directs In Old California, the first film shot in the California village of Hollywood Go to Griffith, D(avid) W(ark) (1875–1948) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Film North America United States Lee De Forest broadcasts Enrico Caruso live from the Metropolitan Opera House in New York, but with mixed success owing to the poor quality Go to De Forest, Lee (1873–1961) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Technology Communication North America United States British prime minister Herbert Asquith leads the Liberal party to a narrow victory, in an election fought on the issue of the House of Lords Go to Asquith, Herbert Henry (12 Sept. 1852) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Edwardian era 20th century Politics War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Rulers and politicians Britain The wife of Harvey Crippen, an American doctor working in north London, vanishes mysteriously Go to Crippen, Hawley Harvey (1862–1910) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Edwardian era 20th century Social and domestic Technology War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Society Britain Agnes Baden-Powell establishes the Girl Guides, an organization for girls equivalent to the Scouts Go to Girl Guides in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Edwardian era 20th century Social and domestic War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Society Britain Edward Carson, previously a prominent Conservative politician at Westminster, becomes leader of the Ulster Unionist party Go to Carson, Edward Henry (9 Feb. 1854) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Edwardian era 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Ireland Britain Vaughan Williams' Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis is first performed in Gloucester Go to Vaughan Williams, Ralph (1872–1958) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Edwardian era 20th century Performing arts Music War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Chicago cardiologist James Herrick publishes the first account of the cells causing sickle-cell anaemia Go to sickle cell anaemia in A Dictionary of Biomedicine (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Medicine North America United States Maurice Chevalier and Mistinguett perform together at the Folies-Bergère Go to Chevalier, Maurice (1888–1972) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Theatre Europe France US geneticist Thomas Hunt Morgan establishes the chromosome theory of heredity through his study of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster Go to Morgan, Thomas Hunt (1866–1945) in A Dictionary of Scientists (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Life sciences North America United States UK prime minister Herbert Asquith plans to reduce the power of the House of Lords, but the upper house as yet is certain to block any such bill Go to Asquith, Herbert Henry (12 Sept. 1852) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Edwardian era 20th century Politics War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Rulers and politicians Britain In his poem Cargoes John Masefield compares a 'dirty British coaster' with two romantic boats from the past Go to Masefield, John (1878–1967) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Edwardian era 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Poetry War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Fritz Kreisler is the soloist in the first performance of Edward Elgar's Violin Concerto Go to Kreisler, Fritz (1875) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Edwardian era 20th century Performing arts Music War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Alban Berg and Anton Webern follow Schoenberg in developing atonal music Go to Berg, Alban (1885) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Austria Edward VII dies in London, after just nine years on the throne Go to Edward VII (1841–1910) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Edwardian era 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British monarchs - from 1066 Europe Rulers and politicians Britain George V succeeds his father, Edward VII, on the British throne Go to George V (1865–1936) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Edwardian era 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British monarchs - from 1066 British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Gustav Mahler conducts in Munich the first performance of his Eighth Symphony, subsequently known as the 'Symphony of a Thousand' Go to Mahler, Gustav (1860) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Germany Constantine Cavafy prints a few more of his poems to add to the fourteen privately printed in 1904 Go to Cavafy, Constantine Peter (1863–1933) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature Poetry Europe Greece The Union of South Africa becomes an independent dominion within the British empire Go to South Africa in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa South Africa South Africa (republic) Europe Empires J.M. Synge's last and unfinished play, Deirdre of the Sorrows, is performed in Dublin shortly after his death Go to Synge, [Edmund] J[ohn] M[illington] (1871–1909) in The Concise Oxford Companion to Irish Literature (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Theatre Literature Drama British Isles Europe Ireland Britain Charles Stewart Rolls becomes the first man to fly non-stop across the English Channel and back Go to Rolls, Charles Stewart (1877–1910) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Travel and transport Technology Engineering Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Society Britain Robert Falcon Scott sails south in the Terra Nova on his second voyage towards the South Pole Go to Scott, Robert Falcon (1868–1912) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Exploration Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 Scotland British Isles Europe Society Britain Schéhérazade, with choreography by Fokine, music by Rimsky-Korsakov and designs by Bakst, is premiered by the Ballets Russes in Paris Go to Scheherazade in The Oxford Dictionary of Dance (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Dance Music Europe France The Firebird brings together Fokine (choreography), Stravinsky (music) and Golovine and Bakst (sets and costumes) Go to Firebird in The Oxford Dictionary of Dance (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Dance Music Europe France Antoni Gaudí completes an apartment block, the Casa Milá, in Barcelona Go to Gaudí, Antoni (1852–1926) in A Dictionary of Modern Design (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Architecture Europe Spain The US Congress passes the Mann White Slave Traffic Act, an attempt to control prostitution Go to Mann Act in The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Social and domestic Society North America United States Winston Churchill becomes home secretary in Asquith's Liberal government Go to Churchill, Sir Winston Leonard Spencer (b. 30 Nov. 1874) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Rulers and politicians Britain John Buchan publishes Prester John, the first of his adventure stories Go to Buchan, John, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir (1875–1940) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Fiction Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain A revolution begins in Mexico that will last ten years before being resolved Go to Mexican Revolution (1910–40) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Latin America Central America Mexico Charles Stewart Rolls dies in a flying accident shortly after his record cross-Channel flight Go to Rolls, Charles Stewart (1877–1910) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Social and domestic Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Society Britain Alexander Scriabin completes Prometheus, the Poem of Fire, first performed in Moscow in 1911 Go to Scriabin, Alexander (1872) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Europe Russia The Snowman, a pantomime opera by the 11-year-old Erich Korngold, is a huge success in Vienna Go to Korngold, Erich (1897) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Austria The critic Roger Fry presents in London's Grafton Galleries an influential exhibition of Post-Impressionist art Go to Fry, Roger (1866–1934) in A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting British painting British art Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Telegraph messages lead to the arrest of Dr Crippen and his mistress Ethel Le Neve in mid-Atlantic Go to Crippen, Hawley Harvey (1862–1910) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Social and domestic Technology Communication Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Society Britain Three French colonies south of the Sahara are consolidated as French Equatorial Africa Go to French Equatorial Africa in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa French empire Africa Central Africa East Africa Europe Empires Henri Matisse completes two large paintings, La Danse and La Musique, for the staircase of Sergei Shchukin's house in Moscow Go to Matisse, Henri (1869–1954) in A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting French painting French art Europe France The Gimbel family open their flagship department store in Manhattan Go to department store in A Dictionary of Marketing (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Commerce and industry Society North America United States Sun Yatsen and others merge several smaller Chinese political groups into the Guomindang, or Nationalist Party Go to Guomindang in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Asia East Asia China Japan annexes Korea as a colony, to be controlled by a Japanese governor-general Go to Korea in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization Asia East Asia Korea A republican revolution in Portugal deposes Manuel II, bringing to an end the Braganza dynasty and the Portuguese monarchy Go to Portugal in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Europe Portugal H.G. Wells publishes The History of Mr Polly, a novel about an escape from drab everyday existence Go to Wells, H. G. (1866–1946) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Fiction Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Rudyard Kipling publishes If, which rapidly becomes his most popular poem among the British Go to Kipling, Rudyard (1865–1936) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Poetry Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Elizabeth Arden opens her first beauty salon on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan Go to Arden, Elizabeth (1878–1966) in The Encyclopedia of the History of American Management (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Commerce and industry Social and domestic Society North America United States Wassily Kandinsky's paintings entitled Compositions are the first examples of purely abstract art Go to Kandinsky, Wassily (1866–1944) in A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting Europe Russia Ten men and two women establish the first kibbutz, at Degania in Palestine Go to kibbutz in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Social and domestic Asia West Asia Palestine and Israel Society Louis Botha is prime minister of the newly formed Union of South Africa, with Jan Smuts as his minister of interior and defence Go to Botha, Louis (b. 27 Sept. 1862) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Africa South Africa South Africa (republic) The Steiner House, designed by the Austrian architect Adolf Loos, is completed in Vienna Go to Loos, Adolf (1870–1933) in A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Architecture Austria Thomas Beecham sponsors and conducts his own season of opera at Covent Garden Go to Beecham, Thomas (1879) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain The Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy, wandering from home in midwinter, dies of pneumonia in the stationmaster's house at Astapovo Go to Tolstoy, Leo Nikolaievich, Count (1828–1910) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Europe Russia Ferdinand Zeppelin's dirigible Deutschland provides the first commercial air service for passengers Go to Zeppelin, Ferdinand, Count von (1838–1917) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Commerce and industry Social and domestic Travel and transport Technology Engineering Germany Society Giacomo Puccini's opera Girl of the Golden West premieres in New York Go to Puccini, Giacomo (1858) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Opera North America United States The Liberals win another general election called on the House of Lords issue, becoming the first British political party since 1832 to win three successive victories Go to Liberal Party, UK in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Rulers and politicians Britain E.M. Forster publishes Howard's End, his novel about the Schlegel sisters and the Wilcox family Go to Howards End in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Fiction Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain The part-time English painter L.S. Lowry begins a lifetime career in a Manchester property company Go to Lowry, L. S. (1887–1976) in A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting British painting British art Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain
1911	Eugene B. Ely lands his Curtiss biplane on the US cruiser Pennsylvania, pointing the way to the future development of the aircraft carrier Go to Aircraft Carrier in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Maritime History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century War North America United States Charles Wilson, using his cloud chamber to detect the passage of charged particles, obtains his first photographs of alpha and beta rays Go to Wilson, Charles Thomson Rees (1869–1959) in A Dictionary of Scientists (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Physics Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain The lost Inca city of Machu Picchu is reached by US archaeologist Hiram Bingham Go to Bingham, Hiram (1875–1956) in The Oxford Companion to World Exploration (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Exploration Society Latin America Peru South America Ernest Rutherford proposes the concept of the nucleus as a positively charged mass at the centre of an atom Go to Rutherford, Ernest (1871–1937) in A Dictionary of Scientists (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Physics Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Richard Strauss changes musical direction with his opera Der Rosenkavalier, once again with libretto by Hugo von Hoffmannsthal Go to Strauss, Richard (1864–1949) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Opera Germany Ethel Smyth's The March of Women has its premiere at a suffragette event in London's Albert Hall Go to Smyth, Ethel (1858) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Nearly 150 New York garment workers die in a factory fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company Go to Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire. (25 March 1911) in The Oxford Companion to United States History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Social and domestic Society North America United States Pennsylvania Station opens in New York, designed by McKim, Mead & White Go to McKim, Mead, & White in A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Architecture American architecture North America United States Al Jolson makes his first recording, That Haunting Melody, for the Victor label Go to Jolson, Al (1886–1950) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music North America United States D.H. Lawrence's career as a writer is launched with the publication of his first novel, The White Peacock Go to Lawrence, D. H. (1885–1930) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Fiction Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Russian ballerina Anna Pavlova settles in London and forms her own touring company Go to Pavlova, Anna (12 Feb. 1881) in The Oxford Dictionary of Dance (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Dance Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Rupert Brooke publishes Poems, the only collection to appear before his early death in World War I Go to Brooke, Rupert Chawner (1887–1915) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Poetry Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Le Spectre de la Rose, with choreography by Fokine, music by Weber and designs by Bakst, is premiered by the Ballets Russes in Monte Carlo Go to Spectre de la rose, Le in The Oxford Dictionary of Dance (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Dance Europe France G.K. Chesterton's clerical detective makes his first appearance in The Innocence of Father Brown Go to Chesterton, G. K. (1874–1936) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Fiction Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain The British chancellor, David Lloyd George, introduces the National Insurance Bill, providing workers with insurance in a few selected industries Go to National Insurance in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Social and domestic Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Society Rulers and politicians Britain John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company of New Jersey is broken up by US antitrust legislation Go to Rockefeller, John D. (1839–1937) in The Oxford Companion to United States History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Commerce and industry Society North America United States In a German Pension is New Zealand author Katherine Mansfield's first collection of stories Go to Mansfield, Katherine (1888–1923) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Fiction Australia and Oceania New Zealand US inventor Isaac Newton Lewis patents a lighter version of the machine gun Go to Lewis gun in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Technology Inventions and discoveries Weapons North America United States US driver Ray Harroun wins the first Indianapolis 500 motor race Go to Automobile Racing. in The Oxford Companion to United States History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Sports and games Society North America United States The Titanic is launched at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast Go to Titanic in The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Technology Engineering Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Frank Lloyd Wright designs Taliesin, as his own home and studio, near Bear Run in Wisconsin Go to Wright, Frank Lloyd (1867–1959) in A Dictionary of Modern Design (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Architecture American architecture North America United States Spanish composer Enrique Granados completes his Goyescas, seven pieces for piano Go to Granados, Enrique (1867) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Europe Spain Scott Joplin completes a ragtime opera, Treemonisha Go to Joplin, Scott (?1868) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music North America United States Italy finds a reason to invade Libya, a province of the Turkish empire. Go to Libya in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization Turks European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa North Africa Europe Italy Empires The ballet Petrushka brings together Fokine (choreography), Stravinsky (music) and Benois (sets and costumes) Go to Petrushka in The Oxford Dictionary of Dance (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Dance Music Europe France President Taft sends US marines to Honduras to protect American banana interests during a spell of political turmoil Go to Honduras in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization US presidents Rulers and politicians Latin America Central America Frances Hodgson Burnett publishes The Secret Garden, which becomes a classic of children's literature Go to Children of the Chapel of Paul's in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English Fiction North America United States Walter Sickert and other painters, sharing his preference for everyday subjects, adopt the name Camden Town Group Go to Camden Town Group in A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting British painting British art Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain The Nestor Film Company opens the first film studio in Hollywood, on Sunset Boulevard Go to Hollywood in The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Film North America United States Germany causes international alarm by sending a warship to Agadir, a port in French-controlled Morocco Go to Agadir crisis (1911) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War European empires from 1415 German empire Africa North Africa Europe Germany Empires Wars since 1900 Hugo von Hofmannsthal adapts the English medieval morality play Everyman ('Jedermann') for performance in Salzburg Go to Hofmannsthal, Hugo von (1874–1929) in The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Theatre Literature German literature Drama Germany Asquith's Parliament Bill proposes to end the constitutional crisis in the UK by restricting the power of the House of Lords Go to Asquith, Herbert Henry (12 Sept. 1852) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Confronted with the threat of 300 newly created peerages, the House of Lords narrowly passes Asquith's Parliament Bill (by 17 votes) Go to Parliament Act (1911) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Emiliano Zapata leads peasant groups in the Mexican revolution, under the slogan 'Land and Liberty' Go to Zapata, Emiliano (8 Aug. 1879) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Latin America Central America Mexico Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is stolen from the Louvre in Paris Go to Mona Lisa [Art] in The Oxford Dictionary of Reference and Allusion (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting French painting French art Europe France Max Beerbohm publishes his novel Zuleika Dobson, in which the beauty of his heroine causes havoc among the students at Oxford Go to Beerbohm, Max (1872–1956) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Fiction Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Baseball pitcher Cy Young retires with a record achievement of 511 wins in 22 professional seasons Go to Baseball. in The Oxford Companion to United States History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Sports and games Society North America United States Alfred Adler ends his association breaks with Sigmund Freud and forms his own school of psychology Go to Adler, Alfred (1870–1937) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Medicine Austria The Russian prime minister Pyotr Stolypin is assassinated in a Kiev theatre Go to Stolypin, Pyotr Arkadievich (14 Apr. 1862) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Terrorism and assassination Europe Russia Edward Carson tells a vast crowd in Northern Ireland that they must be ready to defend their Protestant province by force Go to Carson, Edward Henry (9 Feb. 1854) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Ireland Rulers and politicians Britain Copper mining begins in Katanga, soon to be followed by the extraction of even more profitable diamonds Go to Katanga (Democratic Republic of the Congo) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Commerce and industry European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Central Africa East Africa Europe Society Empires Bruno Walter conducts in Munich the first performance of Mahler's Das Lied von der Erde, a few months after the composer's death Go to Mahler, Gustav (1860) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Germany French composer Henri Duparc publishes a complete edition of his songs Go to Duparc, Henri (1848) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Europe France Austrian artist Gustav Klimt completes his designs for mosaics in the Palais Stoclet in Brussels Go to Klimt, Gustav (1862–1918) in A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Decorative arts Europe Belgium Conservative leader Robert Laird Borden becomes prime minister of Canada, ending fifteen years of Liberal rule under Wilfrid Laurier Go to Borden, Sir Robert Laird (1854–1937) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics North America Canada An uprising in the city of Wuchang is the first major event in the rapidly developing Chinese revolution Go to Wuchang Revolution in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Asia East Asia China Rudolph Wurlitzer's company in the USA produces the first of its famous movie theatre organs Go to Wurlitzer in A Dictionary of Modern Design (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Social and domestic Society North America United States Walter Gropius builds the Fagus Factory at Alfeld an der Leine in Germany Go to Gropius, Walter (1883–1969) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Architecture Germany The US composer Irving Berlin writes 'Alexander's Ragtime Band' Go to Berlin, Irving (1888–1989) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music North America United States The British monarch George V holds a great durbar in Delhi to celebrate his coronation as emperor of India Go to George V (1865–1936) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British empire European empires from 1415 British monarchs - from 1066 Asia South Asia India (the subcontinent) India (republic) Europe Empires Rulers and politicians Sergei Diaghilev and Vaslav Nijinsky leave Russia for the west Go to Nijinsky, Vaslav (12 Mar. 1889) in The Oxford Dictionary of Dance (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Dance Europe Russia Jelly Roll Morton plays in New York his Jelly Roll Blues (published in 1915) Go to Morton, Jelly Roll (1885–1941) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music North America United States Robert Lorimer completes a chapel for the Knights of the Thistle in St Giles' Cathedral in Edinburgh Go to Lorimer, Sir Robert Stodart (1864–1929) in A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Architecture British architecture Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 Scotland British Isles Europe Britain The painters Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc and others form Der Blaue Reiter Go to Blaue Reiter, Der in A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting Germany Roald Amundsen and his Norwegian team become the first people to stand at the South Pole Go to Amundsen, Roald (1872–1928) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Exploration Norway Society The Italian premier, Giovanni Giolitti, introduces reformist legislation including a national insurance act Go to Giolitti, Giovanni (22 Oct. 1842) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Social and domestic Europe Italy Society Bernard Leach discovers his skill and future craft at a raku party in Japan, where each guest is invited to throw a pot Go to Leach, Bernard Howell (1887–1979) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Decorative arts Asia East Asia Japan
1912	A republic of China is proclaimed, with Sun Yatsen as its provisional president Go to Sun Yatsen (12 Nov. 1866) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Asia East Asia China New Mexico becomes the 47th state of the United States of America Go to New Mexico in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics North America United States Robert Falcon Scott and his companions reach the South Pole a month after Amundsen - and die on the return journey Go to Scott, Robert Falcon (1868–1912) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Exploration Society US aeroplane designer Glenn Curtis demonstrates the potential of the first successful flying boat, The Flying Fish Go to flying boats in The Oxford Companion to World War II (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Travel and transport Technology Inventions and discoveries Society North America United States Coco Chanel opens a shop selling millinery in Deauville, in France Go to Chanel, Coco (1883–1971) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Commerce and industry Europe France Society The abdication of the child emperor Puyi brings to an end the Qing dynasty Go to Qing in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Asia East Asia China Arizona becomes the 48th state of the United States of America Go to Arizona in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics North America United States The Kaiser and his advisers decide to postpone a preventive war against France and Russia Go to Wilhelm II (b. 27 Jan. 1859) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Germany Wars since 1900 Former president Theodore Roosevelt campaigns against President Taft for the Republican nomination Go to Roosevelt, Theodore (27 Oct. 1858) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent US presidents Rulers and politicians North America United States UK suffragette Emmeline Pankhurst is arrested, released and rearrested twelve times within the year Go to Pankhurst, Emmeline (1858–1928) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Rulers and politicians Britain A national uprising against Turkish rule in Albania launches a full-scale Balkan war Go to Balkan Wars (1912–13) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization Turks Muslim empires Ottoman empire Europe Empires Lillian and Dorothy Gish make their screen debut with the Biograph Company Go to Gish, Lillian (1896–1993) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Film North America United States Egon Schiele's highly explicit images of nudes land him briefly in gaol Go to Schiele, Egon (1890–1918) in A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting Austria Carl Nielsen's Third Symphony, first performed in Copenhagen, brings him international renown Go to Nielsen, Carl (1865) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Europe Denmark Marcel Duchamp's Nude Descending a Staircase, No.2 creates a stir Go to Duchamp, Marcel (28 July 1887) in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting French painting French art Europe France Georges Braque's Fruit-Dish and Glass adds papier collé (a type of collage) to the conventions of cubism Go to Braque, Georges (13 May 1882) in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting French painting French art Europe France The White Star liner Titanic sinks on her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York, drowning 1513 passengers and crew Go to Titanic in The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Travel and transport Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Society Britain North America United States The 'Workers' Newspaper' Pravda (meaning 'Truth') publishes its first issue in St Petersburg Go to Pravda in The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Social and domestic Europe Russia Society Rabindranath Tagore publishes a collection of his Bengali poems in Gitanjali Go to Tagore, Rabindranath (1861–1941) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature Poetry Asia South Asia India (the subcontinent) William Morris opens a factory at Cowley, near Oxford, to produce motor cars Go to Nuffield, William Richard Morris, Viscount (1877–1963) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Technology Engineering Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain At a conference in Prague Lenin forms the Bolsheviks into a separate political party with himself as leader Go to Lenin, Vladimir Ilich (22 Apr. 1870) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Communism Democracy and dissent Bohemia Czech Republic Vaslav Nijinsky causes a sensation dancing in his own first ballet, L'Après-midi d'un faune, to music by Debussy Go to Nijinsky, Vaslav (12 Mar. 1889) in The Oxford Dictionary of Dance (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Dance Europe France Guillaume Apollinaire coins the term Orphism for Robert Delaunay's distinctive style of abstraction Go to orphism in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting French painting French art Europe France Charles Dawson claims to have found the fossilized skull of an early man (named in his honour Eoanthropus dawsoni in a gravel pit at Piltdown Go to Piltdown, Sussex, England in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain The Russian poet Anna Akhmatova publishes Evening, her first collection of poems Go to Akhmatova, Anna (1889–1966) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature Poetry Europe Russia Benito Mussolini, an active revolutionary Socialist, becomes editor of the party newspaper in Italy Go to Mussolini, Benito (29 July 1883) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Europe Italy German scientist Alfred Wegener, impressed by the neat fit between the coasts of Africa and South America, proposes the theory of continental drift Go to continental drift in A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Germany President Taft sends US marines to Cuba because of political unrest in the island Go to Cuba in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics US presidents Rulers and politicians Latin America Caribbean Cuba North America United States Turkey, beset by troubles elsewhere, cedes to Italy her north African province of Libya Go to Libya in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 Muslim empires Ottoman empire Africa North Africa Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Italy Empires The Social Democrats become the largest group in Germany's Reichstag Go to Germany in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Germany The first sea-going diesel-powered ship, the Selandia, is constructed and launched in Denmark Go to diesel engine in The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Travel and transport Technology Inventions and discoveries Europe Denmark Society Electoral reform is introduced in Argentina, with universal male suffrage and a secret ballot Go to Argentina in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Latin America Argentina South America Tibet declares its independence after the fall of the Qing dynasty and the end of imperial China Go to Tibet in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization Asia East Asia Japan By the treaty of Fès a French protectorate is formally established in Morocco Go to Morocco in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa French empire Africa North Africa Europe Empires President Taft sends US marines into Nicaragua during a period of disorder Go to Nicaragua in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization US presidents Rulers and politicians Latin America Central America William Howard Taft defeats Theodore Roosevelt at the Republican convention to win the nomination Go to Taft, William Howard (15 Sept. 1857) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent US presidents Rulers and politicians North America United States Theodore Roosevelt's followers form a rival party to the Republicans, soon to be known as the Bull Moose party Go to Progressive Party of 1912–1924. in The Oxford Companion to United States History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent US presidents Rulers and politicians North America United States Daphnis and Chloe, with choreography by Fokine, music by Ravel and designs by Bakst, is premiered by the Ballets Russes in Paris Go to Daphnis and Chloe in The Oxford Dictionary of Dance (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Dance Music Europe France Tommy Sopwith founds the aviation company that will produce the Pup and the Camel Go to Sopwith, Sir Thomas Octave Murdoch (1888–1989) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Commerce and industry Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Society Britain Mack Sennett sets up the Keystone studio in California, soon to be famous for the knockabout farce of the Keystone Kops Go to Keystone Kops [Cin.] in The Oxford Dictionary of Reference and Allusion (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Film North America United States Ludwig Wittgenstein moves to Cambridge to study philosophy under Bertrand Russell Go to Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1889–1951) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Philosophy Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Carl Jung breaks with Freud and introduces the concept of the collective unconscious Go to Jung, Carl Gustav (1875–1961) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Medicine Switzerland France and Spain agree that Spain shall become the colonial power in the north of Morocco and France in the south Go to Morocco in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa French empire Spanish empire Africa North Africa Europe Empires Renascence is the title poem in college student Edna St Vincent Millay's first published collection Go to Millay, Edna St. Vincent (1892–1950) in The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English Poetry North America United States Jacob Epstein causes a stir with his provocatively modern angel on the tomb of Oscar Wilde in Père Lachaise Go to Epstein, Sir Jacob (10 Nov. 1880) in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Sculpture Europe France Arnold Schoenberg sets Pierrot Lunaire for a solo voice, reciting the text to the accompaniment of a quintet Go to Schoenberg, Arnold (1874) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Austria The Berlin Opera Ballet is founded to perform in the city's new opera house Go to Berlin Opera Ballet in The Oxford Dictionary of Dance (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Dance Music Opera Germany The South African National Native Congress (subsequently the ANC, African National Congress) is set up in Cape Province Go to ANC in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa South Africa South Africa (republic) Europe Empires Walter Gropius and other architects in Germany develop the International Modern style Go to Gropius, Walter (1883–1969) in A Dictionary of Modern Design (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Architecture Germany Half a million Unionist men and women in Belfast commit themselves to civil disobedience if Home Rule government is established in Ireland Go to Ulster Covenant in Brewer's Dictionary of Irish Phrase & Fable (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 Northern Ireland British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Ireland Rulers and politicians Britain Memphis Blues is composed by 'father of the blues' W.C. Handy Go to Handy, W. C. (1873) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music North America United States An Albanian uprising against the Ottoman empire is so successful that the Albanians are able to capture Skopje in Macedonia Go to Macedonia, Republic of in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization Turks Muslim empires Ottoman empire Turkey Europe Greece Empires By a prearranged plan Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia together launch the First Balkan War against Turkey Go to Balkan Wars (1912–13) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Turks Muslim empires Ottoman empire Turkey Europe Empires Wars since 1900 The opera Ariadne auf Naxos, by Richard Strauss and Hugo von Hofmannsthal, has its first premiere in Stuttgart Go to Strauss, Richard (1864–1949) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Opera Germany Walter De la Mare establishes his reputation with the title poem of his collection The Listeners Go to de la Mare, Walter (1873–1956) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Poetry Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Ethel Smyth, in Holloway jail, conducts her fellow prisoners in a suffragette anthem composed by herself Go to Smyth, Ethel (1858) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Democrat Woodrow Wilson defeats Republicans Taft and Roosevelt to become the 28th president of the USA Go to Wilson, Thomas Woodrow (28 Dec. 1856) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics US presidents Rulers and politicians North America United States An armistice agreed between the Ottoman empire and three of the Balkan states ends the war in the Balkans Go to Balkan Wars (1912–13) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Turks Muslim empires Ottoman empire Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Empires Wars since 1900 Giacomo Balla attempts to paint movement in his futurist Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash Go to Balla, Giacomo (18 July 1871) in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting Italian painting Italian art Europe Italy A conference of great powers in London accepts Albanian independence but within altered boundaries Go to Albania in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Under pressure from Russia, the London conference allots the ethnically Albanian region of Kosovo to Serbia Go to Kosovo in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain
1913	Unionists in Ulster aim to raise a Volunteer Force of 100,000 men, and begin drilling with dummy wooden rifles Go to Ulster Volunteer Force in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Ireland Britain A new and spectacular Grand Central Station opens in New York, designed by Charles Reed and Alan Stern Go to railway stations in The Oxford Companion to Architecture (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Architecture American architecture North America United States Cecil B. de Mille, Jesse Lasky and Sam Goldwyn join forces to form a film production company Go to de Mille, Cecil B(lount) (1881–1959) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Film North America United States The Armory Show (officially the International Exhibition of Modern Art) is a sensation in New York Go to Armory Show in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts American art North America United States In O Pioneers Willa Cather finds her major theme, life on the frontier Go to Cather, Willa (1873–1947) in The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English Fiction North America United States Walter Sickert paints Ennui, depicting a difficult or dreary moment in a marriage Go to Sickert, Walter (31 May 1860) in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting British painting British art Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain The Vickers Fighting Biplane No 1 is unveiled in London at the Olympia Aero Show as the world's first purpose-built fighter plane Go to Vickers Family in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Weapons Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Wars since 1900 Britain The US navy begins transmitting by radio a regular time signal, much used by the nation's watchmakers and menders. Go to Naval Observatory in The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Technology Communication North America United States In Pollyanna Eleanor Porter introduces an immensely successful character, the irrepressibly optimistic orphan Pollyanna Whittier Go to Porter, Eleanor Hodgman (1868–1920) in The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English Fiction North America United States Dinizulu's son Solomon follows his father as king or chief of the Zulu people, and direct descendants of Shaka's brother Mwande continue to inherit until today Go to Zulu in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Africa South Africa South Africa (republic) Albert Einstein formulates the law of photochemical equivalence, a fundamental principle of chemical reactions induced by light Go to Einstein, Albert (b. 14 Mar. 1879) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Chemistry Physics Switzerland The first issue of the New Statesman is published by Beatrice and Sidney Webb Go to New Statesman in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain English geologist Arthur Holmes publishes The Age of the Earth, offering evidence that the planet is at least 1.6 billion years old Go to Holmes, Arthur (1890–1965) in A Dictionary of Scientists (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain The Spanish government grants a degree of administrative autonomy to four provinces of Catalonia Go to Catalonia in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Europe Spain The Woolworth Building opens in New York as the world's tallest skyscraper, a distinction it retains until 1930 Go to Woolworth, Frank Winfield (1852–1919) in The Encyclopedia of the History of American Management (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Architecture American architecture North America United States Lawrence Bragg and his father, William, together develop X-ray crystallography, based on the diffraction patterns of crystals Go to X-ray crystallography in A Dictionary of Physics (6 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Physics Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain The Morris company launches the Morris Oxford, later known as the Bullnose Morris from the shape of its radiator Go to Nuffield, William Richard Morris, Viscount (1877–1963) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Commerce and industry Social and domestic Travel and transport Technology Engineering Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Society Britain The Canadian Arctic Expedition, led by Vilhjalmur Stefansson, sets off to the north Go to Canadian Arctic Expedition in The Oxford Companion to Canadian History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Exploration Society North America Canada Compton Mackenzie publishes the first volume of his autobiographical novel Sinister Street Go to Mackenzie, Sir Compton (1883–1972) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Fiction Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion has its first performance – in a German version in Vienna Go to Shaw, Bernard (1856–1950) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Theatre Literature Drama Austria Marcel Duchamp creates Bicycle Wheel, his first 'assisted readymade', consisting of the wheel screwed upside down on a painted wooden stool Go to Duchamp, Marcel (28 July 1887) in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Sculpture French art Europe France Igor Stravinsky and Vaslav Nijinsky provoke uproar in Paris with The Rite of Spring for Ballets Russes Go to Rite of Spring, The in The Oxford Dictionary of Dance (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Dance Music Europe France Italian Futurist sculptor Umberto Boccioni suggests human movement in his Unique Forms of Continuity in Space Go to Boccioni, Umberto (19 Oct. 1882) in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Sculpture Italian art Europe Italy US poet Robert Frost publishes his first book of poems, A Boy's Will Go to Frost, Robert (1874–1963) in The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English Poetry North America United States The Treaty of London, ending the First Balkan War, allows Albania, Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia to divide up much of European Turkey Go to London, Treaty of (1913) in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Turks Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Wars since 1900 Britain The cubist movement enters its second phase, deriving from the use of collage and known as Synthetic cubism Go to Cubism in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting French painting French art Europe France French physicists Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson discover the ozone layer in the stratosphere Go to ozone layer in A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Europe France The Danish physicist Niels Bohr uses quantum theory as a key to understanding the structure of the atom Go to Bohr, Niels Hendrik David (1885–1962) in A Dictionary of Scientists (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Physics Europe Denmark Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell complete a work of mathematical logic, Principia Mathematica Go to Newton, Sir Isaac (1642–1727) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Philosophy Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Frederick Soddy uses the term 'isotope' (Greek for 'same place') to describe observed anomalies in the periodic table Go to Soddy, Frederick (1877–1956) in A Dictionary of Scientists (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Chemistry Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain 18-year-old Norwegian soprano Kirsten Flagstad makes her debut in Oslo Go to Flagstad, Kirsten Malfrid (1895–1962) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Europe Norway Maxim Gorky publishes Childhood, the first volume of his autobiographical trilogy Go to Gorky, Maxim (1868–1936) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Europe Russia Henry Ford pioneers the moving assembly line in the manufacture of cars at his company's Michigan plant Go to Ford, Henry (1863–1947) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Commerce and industry Society North America United States A suffragette, Emily Davison, dies after throwing herself under the king's horse in the Derby at Epsom Go to suffragettes in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Bulgaria launches the Second Balkan War, in the end to the great detriment of Bulgarian interests Go to Balkan Wars (1912–13) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Muslim empires Ottoman empire Europe Empires Wars since 1900 Albert Schweitzer and his wife become missionaries at Lambaréné in west Africa Go to Schweitzer, Albert (1875–1965) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Religion Christianity Africa West Africa The so-called Cat and Mouse Act is the British government's response to hunger strikes by suffragettes Go to Cat and Mouse Act (1913) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain German author Thomas Mann publishes the novella Death in Venice Go to Mann, Thomas (1875–1955) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature German literature Fiction Venice Europe Germany The Balkan states and the Ottoman empire agree an armistice in Bucharest, ending the Second Balkan War Go to Balkan Wars (1912–13) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Turks Muslim empires Ottoman empire Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Empires Wars since 1900 The Treaty of Bucharest assigns to Greece nearly all the Greek-speaking regions in the Balkans and Mediterranean Go to Balkan Wars (1912–13) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Europe Greece The Brillo Manufacturing Company markets the first Brillo pads in the USA Go to Brillo pad noun in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Commerce and industry Society North America United States Alain-Fournier completes his semi-autobiographical novel Le Grand Meaulnes Go to Alain-Fournier (1886–1914) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature French literature Fiction Europe France Vaslav Nijinsky marries a Hungarian ballerina and is dismissed from the Ballets Russes by a jealous Diaghilev Go to Nijinsky, Vaslav (12 Mar. 1889) in The Oxford Dictionary of Dance (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Dance Europe France The foxtrot, possibly introduced by US performer Harry Fox, becomes an immensely popular ballroom dance Go to foxtrot in The Oxford Dictionary of Dance (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Dance Social and domestic Society North America United States Frederick Delius completes On Hearing the first Cuckoo in Spring, first performed this same year in Leipzig Go to Delius, Frederick (1862–1934) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain John Ireland sets Masefield's poem Sea Fever to music Go to Ireland, John (1879) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain The Russian poet Osip Mandelstam publishes his first collection, Stone Go to Mandelstam, Osip in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature Poetry Europe Russia English physicist Henry Moseley proposes that the atomic number of an element is a physical reality, thus laying the basis for the modern periodic table Go to Moseley, Henry Gwyn Jeffreys (1887–1915) in A Dictionary of Scientists (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Physics Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain A coup led by Enver Pasha brings the Young Turks to power in Istanbul Go to Enver Pasha (1881–1922) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Turks Muslim empires Ottoman empire Asia West Asia Turkey Empires Edith Wharton's novel The Custom of the Country begins publication in serial form Go to Wharton, Edith (1862–1937) in The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English Fiction North America United States The Irish National Volunteers are formed in Dublin, in response to the Protestant equivalent in Ulster Go to Irish Volunteers in Brewer's Dictionary of Irish Phrase & Fable (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Ireland Britain Marcel Proust publishes at his own expense Swann's Way, the first volume of Remembrance of Things Past Go to Proust, Marcel (1871–1922) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature French literature Fiction Europe France Yuan Shikai outlaws the Guomindang party in the republic of China, to give himself unchallenged power as president Go to Yuan Shikai (b. 16 Sept. 1859) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Asia East Asia Japan Leonardo's Mona Lisa is recovered two years after its theft when the thief, Vincenzo Perugia, tries to sell it to the Uffizi Gallery in Florence Go to Mona Lisa in The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting French painting French art Europe France A young American architect, Walter B. Griffin, wins the competition to design Canberra Go to Canberra in The Oxford Companion to Australian History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Architecture Australia and Oceania Australia The march Colonel Bogey is written and published by a Royal Marine bandleader under the pseudonym Kenneth Alford Go to Colonel Bogey in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain An underground railway opens in Buenos Aires, the first subway in Latin America Go to Buenos Aires in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Commerce and industry Social and domestic Travel and transport Technology Engineering Society Latin America Argentina Brazil South America The New York World publishes the first crossword puzzle, devised by English-born journalist Arthur Wynne Go to crossword in The Oxford Dictionary of Word Origins (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Social and domestic Society North America United States D.H. Lawrence publishes a semi-autobiographical novel about the Morel family, Sons and Lovers Go to Lawrence, D. H. (1885–1930) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Fiction Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Construction begins on the government buildings in New Delhi, designed by Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker Go to Lutyens, Sir Edwin Landseer (1869–1944) in A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Architecture British architecture British empire Asia South Asia India (the subcontinent) Europe Empires Britain
1914	J.B.M. Hertzog founds the National Party in South Africa to represent Afrikaner interests Go to Hertzog, J. B. M. (1866–1942) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Africa South Africa South Africa (republic) George Ruth acquires the nickname Babe when he joins the baseball team the Baltimore Orioles Go to Ruth, Babe (1895–1948) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Sports and games Society North America United States British rule is consolidated in Nigeria by the merging of north and south as a single colony Go to Nigeria in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa West Africa Europe Germany Empires The Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral makes her name with her first collection, Sonetos de la muerte Go to Mistral, Gabriela (1889–1957) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Poetry China Latin America Chile South America A suffragette slashes the Rokeby Venus by Velázquez in London's National Gallery Go to Rokeby Venus in Brewer's Dictionary of London Phrase & Fable (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain A building by Walter Gropius for the Deutscher Werkbund exhibition in Cologne brings him international attention Go to Gropius, Walter (1883–1969) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Architecture Germany British officers stationed at the Curragh in Dublin say they would resign if ordered to quell Protestant resistance in Ulster Go to Curragh in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Ireland Britain Wyndham Lewis and others launch Vorticism with a new magazine, Blast Go to Vorticism in A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting British painting Sculpture British art Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Tarzan makes his first appearance in Edgar Rice Burroughs' novel Tarzan of the Apes Go to Burroughs, Edgar Rice (1875–1950) in The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English Fiction North America United States Royal-Dutch Shell begins to pump oil in Venezuela, launching the country as a major oil producer Go to Venezuela in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Commerce and industry Society Latin America South America Vaughan Williams writes a romance for violin and orchestra, The Lark Ascending, inspired by George Meredith's poem of the same name Go to Vaughan Williams, Ralph (1872) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain The tenor Beniamino Gigli wins an international singing competition in Parma, and makes his operatic debut later in the same year Go to Gigli, Beniamino (1890–1957) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Opera Europe Italy James Joyce's novel Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man begins serial publication in a London journal, The Egoist Go to Joyce, James (1882–1941) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Fiction Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Calouste Gulbenkian earns his nickname – Mr Five Percent – from the share he receives for negotiating oil deals in the Ottoman empire Go to Gulbenkian, Calouste Sarkis (1869–1955) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Commerce and industry Turks Europe Portugal Society Antoni Gaudí completes the fanciful Park Güell, a residential project north of Barcelona based on the English concept of the garden city Go to Gaudí y Cornet, Antonio (1852–1926) in A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Architecture Europe Spain The first issue of the weekly journal The New Republic is published in the USA Go to New Republic, The (1914–) in The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English North America United States More than 1000 die when the liner Empress of Ireland sinks after a collision in the St Lawrence river Go to Empress of Ireland in The Oxford Companion to Canadian History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Travel and transport Society North America Canada After years of delay James Joyce's Dubliners, a collection of short stories, is published Go to Joyce, James (1882–1941) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Fiction Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Ireland Britain British golfer Harry Vardon wins his sixth Open, a record still unbroken Go to golf in A Dictionary of Sports Studies (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Sports and games Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Society Britain American-born poet Thomas Stearns Eliot crosses the Atlantic to England, making it his home for the rest of his life Go to Eliot, T. S. (1888–1965) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature English literature Literature in English Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain North America United States The poem 'Mending Wall' features in Robert Frost's collection North of Boston Go to Frost, Robert (1874–1963) in The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English Poetry North America United States Marcel Duchamp exhibits his first pure 'readymade', a bottle rack bought in a department store and displayed without alteration Go to Duchamp, Marcel (28 July 1887) in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Sculpture French art Europe France Margaret Anderson publishes in Chicago the first issue of The Little Review, a monthly literary magazine Go to Little Review, The (1914–29) in The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English North America United States The Times Literary Supplement is published in London as an independent paper, separate from The Times Go to Times Literary Supplement (1902– ) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Social and domestic Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Society Britain The Assemblies of God is established as the largest affiliation of Pentecostal churches Go to Assemblies of God in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Religion Christianity North America United States Vaughan Williams' London Symphony, including picturesque sounds of the city's street life, is first performed Go to Vaughan Williams, Ralph (1872) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain The Russian painter and sculptor Vladimir Tatlin develops an abstract style to which he gives the name Constructivism Go to Tatlin, Vladimir (16 [28] Dec. 1885) in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting Sculpture Europe Russia Martha, 29 years old and the last passenger pigeon in the world, dies in the Cincinnati zoo in Ohio Go to Passenger Pigeon in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Life sciences North America United States Giacomo della Chiesa is elected pope and takes the name Benedict XV Go to Benedict XV (3 Sept. 1914–22 Jan. 1922) in A Dictionary of Popes (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Religion Christianity Papacy Europe Italy The American writer Amy Lowell publishes an Imagist collection of poems, Sword Blades and Poppy Seed Go to Lowell, Amy (1874–1925) in The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English Poetry North America United States A Home Rule Act is finally passed for Ireland, with its implementation postponed until after the war Go to Irish Home Rule in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 Northern Ireland British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Ireland Rulers and politicians Britain The sculptor Constantin Brancusi has his first one-man exhibition, at Stieglitz's gallery in New York Go to Brancusi, Constantin (19 Feb. 1876) in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Sculpture American art North America United States The Swedish-American poet Carl Sandburg makes his name with 'Chicago', published in the magazine Poetry Go to Sandburg, Carl (1878–1967) in The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English Poetry North America United States Jacob Epstein completes his sculpture The Rock Drill, the outstanding work of the Vorticist movement Go to Epstein, Sir Jacob (10 Nov. 1880) in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Sculpture British art Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain The Clayton Act strengthens many aspects of US antitrust legislation Go to Clayton Act in A Dictionary of Economics (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Commerce and industry Society North America United States The Panama Canal opens to shipping on a neutral basis just two weeks after the start of World War I Go to Panama Canal in The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Commerce and industry Travel and transport Technology Engineering Society Latin America Central America Tsar Nicholas II changes the name of his capital city to Petrograd, because St Petersburg sounds German Go to St Petersburg in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Europe Russia Benito Mussolini, advocating Italian entry into the war on the side of the Allies, is expelled from the Socialist party Go to Mussolini, Benito (29 July 1883) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Europe Italy Stanley Spencer joins the Royal Army Medical Corps, with whom he finds a wealth of subject matter Go to Spencer, Sir Stanley (30 June 1891) in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting British painting British art Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Benito Mussolini founds a newspaper, Il Popolo d'Italia' ('The People of Italy'), to argue the case for Italy joining the war Go to Mussolini, Benito (b. 29 July 1883) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Social and domestic Europe Italy Society Robert Tressell's Ragged Trousered Philanthropists is published posthumously in an abbreviated version Go to Tressell, Robert in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Fiction Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Ireland Britain Ivor Novello has a great success with his topical song Keep the Home Fires Burning (with lyrics by Lena Ford) Go to Novello, Ivor (1893–1951) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Charlie Chaplin introduces his most famous character, the little tramp, in Kid Auto Races at Venice Go to Chaplin, Charlie (1889–1977) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Film Venice North America United States The British government changes the status of Egypt from a Turkish province to a British protectorate Go to Egypt in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization Turks British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa North Africa Egypt Europe Empires June 28 - Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, is assassinated in Sarajevo by a Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip Go to Francis Joseph I (b. 18 Aug. 1830) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Terrorism and assassination War Europe Austria Wars since 1900 Austria-Hungary plans to attack Serbia, in response to the assassination of the archduke, and seeks a guarantee of German support Go to Austria-Hungary in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War Austria Wars since 1900 Germany promises to support Austria-Hungary if a strike against Serbia provokes war with Russia Go to World War I (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War German empire Austria Germany Empires Wars since 1900 July - Erskine Childers sails his own yacht from Germany to Ireland with 900 rifles and 14,000 rounds of ammunition for the Irish Volunteers Go to Childers, Erskine (1870–1922) in The Oxford Companion to Irish History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Ireland Wars since 1900 Britain July 28 - Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, following this with bombardment of the Serbian capital, Belgrade Go to World War I (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Austria Wars since 1900 July 30 - the Austrian attack on Serbia causes Russia to mobilize her army Go to World War I (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Austria Russia Wars since 1900 August 1 - in response to the tsar's mobilization of his troops, Germany declares war on Russia Go to World War I (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War German empire Europe Austria Germany Russia Empires Wars since 1900 August 2 - Germany and the Ottoman empire sign a secret treaty of alliance Go to World War I (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War Turks Muslim empires Ottoman empire Asia West Asia Turkey Germany Empires Wars since 1900 August 2 - German troops move into Luxembourg and demand passage through neutral Belgium Go to World War I (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Belgium Germany Wars since 1900 August 3 - with her troops already poised to attack, Germany declares war on France Go to World War I (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War German empire Europe France Germany Empires Wars since 1900 August 3 - Italy declares neutrality amid the rush of other major European powers into war Go to World War I (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Italy Wars since 1900 August 4 - German troops invade Belgium, violating her guaranteed neutrality Go to World War I (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Belgium Rulers and politicians Wars since 1900 August 4 - bound by treaty to defend Belgium, Britain declares war on Germany Go to World War I (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British empire German empire British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Germany Empires Rulers and politicians Wars since 1900 Britain With five major European nations committed within a few days to hostilities, World War I begins Go to World War I (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War British prime ministers - from 1830 Rulers and politicians Wars since 1900 August 4 - President Woodrow Wilson proclaims US neutrality in the European war Go to Wilson, Thomas Woodrow (28 Dec. 1856) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War US presidents Rulers and politicians Wars since 1900 North America United States The new republican government of Portugal offers Britain support in the war Go to Portugal in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Portugal Wars since 1900 August 7 - Spain declares a policy of neutrality in the rapidly developing European war Go to Spain in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Spain Wars since 1900 August 7 - a small British Expeditionary Force is rushed across the Channel to Boulogne Go to British Expeditionary Force in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe France Wars since 1900 Britain August 10 - France declares war on the empire of Austria-Hungary Go to Austria-Hungary in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Austria France Wars since 1900 August 12 - Britain declares war on the empire of Austria-Hungary Go to Austria-Hungary in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Austria Wars since 1900 Britain August 20 - a Germany army reaches and enters the Belgian capital, Brussels Go to Belgium in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Belgium Wars since 1900 August 23 Japan, with her own local agenda in the far east, declares war on Germany Go to Japan in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Asia East Asia Japan Wars since 1900 August 23 - the British Expeditionary Force fights a rearguard action to escape encirclement by the Germans at Mons Go to British Expeditionary Force in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Battles Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 Europe Belgium Wars since 1900 Britain August 25-28 - a German army encircles and almost annihilates a larger Russian force at Tannenberg Go to Tannenberg, Battle of in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Battles Europe Poland Wars since 1900 August - British and French forces invade the German colony of Togoland Go to Togoland in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa German empire Africa West Africa Europe Empires Wars since 1900 from August - Serbian forces repel two Austrian invasions of their territory Go to Serbia in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Wars since 1900 from August - the German cruiser Emden carries out successful raids on British shipping in the seas around India Go to Emden in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Maritime History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Asia South Asia India (the subcontinent) Wars since 1900 September 3 - a Germany army crosses the river Marne in an advance towards Paris Go to Marne, Battles of the in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Battles Europe France Wars since 1900 September 5 - a French army halts the German advance, just 30 miles from Paris Go to Marne, Battles of the in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Battles Europe France Wars since 1900 September 8 - after a four-day battle, the French drive the German forces back over the river Marne Go to Marne, Battles of the in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Battles Europe France Wars since 1900 September 13 - the Germans adopt a defensive position at the river Aisne in northern France, in the first sign of the trench warfare that will characterize the entire war in the west Go to Aisne, battle of the (1914) in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe France Wars since 1900 from September - the German and French armies, attempting to outflank each other, engage in a race to the sea Go to Aisne, battle of the (1914) in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Belgium France Wars since 1900 October - British planes, taking off from Dunkirk, bomb Cologne railway station and destroy Germany's latest Zeppelin in its great shed at Düsseldorf Go to Zeppelin in The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Germany Wars since 1900 Britain October 29 - Turkey, launching an attack on Russian ports in the Black Sea, enters the war on the German side Go to Turkey in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Muslim empires Ottoman empire Asia West Asia Turkey Empires Wars since 1900 from October - there are heavy casualties on both sides, and a small advantage to the Allies, in the fighting round Ypres during the 'race to the sea' Go to Ypres, Battles of (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Battles Europe Belgium Wars since 1900 British troops are driven to the western front in London Transport double-deckers Go to Western Front in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Belgium France Wars since 1900 Britain More than 30,000 troops in the Canadian Expeditionary Force sail to fight with Britain Go to Canadian Expeditionary Force in The Oxford Companion to Canadian History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Wars since 1900 North America Canada H.G. Wells publishes The War that will end War, offering an optimistic of the latest conflict leading to a future world state Go to Wells, H(erbert) G(eorge) (1866–1946) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Wars since 1900 Britain November 1 - Maximilian von Spee sinks two British cruisers off Coronel, on the Pacific coast of south America Go to Coronel, battle of (1914) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Wars since 1900 Latin America South America November 2 - Russia declares war on the Ottoman empire Go to Ottoman Empire in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Turks Muslim empires Ottoman empire Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Russia Empires Wars since 1900 November 5 - Britain and France declare war on the Ottoman empire Go to Ottoman Empire in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Turks Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Muslim empires Ottoman empire Asia West Asia Turkey Europe France Empires Wars since 1900 Britain November 9 - the German cruiser Emden is sunk off the Cocos-Keeling islands by an Australian cruiser, the Sydney Go to Emden in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Maritime History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Asia South Asia Wars since 1900 November 16 - the German enclave of Qingdao, in China, falls to the Japanese after a two-month siege Go to Qingdao (Shandong/China) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Asia East Asia China Wars since 1900 November 23 - a British force seizes the Turkish port of Basra, to safeguard the supply of Persian oil Go to Basra in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Turks Mesopotamia Asia West Asia Iraq Wars since 1900 from November - with the battle lines stablized to the coast, the German and Allied armies settle in for years of gruesome trench warfare Go to trench warfare in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Belgium France Wars since 1900 December - German planes cross the Channel and bomb Dover Go to Dover in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Maritime History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Wars since 1900 Britain December - Roger Casement travels to Germany to persuade Irish prisoners of war to change sides and invade Ireland Go to Casement, Roger David (1864–1916) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Ireland Wars since 1900 Britain December 7 - Maximilian von Spee's squadron of cruisers is sunk by the British off the Falkland Islands Go to Falklands, battle of the (1914) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Falkland Islands Wars since 1900 Latin America South America
1915	An employee of the Metropolitan Railway coins the term Metro-land when promoting the company's services in London's suburbs Go to Metroland in The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Social and domestic Travel and transport Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Society Britain Mahatma Gandhi returns to India after more than twenty years in South Africa Go to Gandhi, Mahatma (1869–1948) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent British empire Asia South Asia India (the subcontinent) Empires Alexander Graham Bell again summons his assistant Thomas Watson (as in 1876), but this time he is in New York and Watson in San Francisco See this event in other timelines: 20th century Technology Communication North America United States Manuel de Falla's ballet El Amor Brujo, including the 'Ritual Fire Dance', is performed in Paris Go to Falla, Manuel de (1876) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Dance Music Europe France Black heavyweight champion Jack Johnson loses his title, in the 26th round, to the "Great White Hope", Jess Willard Go to Great White Hope [Sport] in The Oxford Dictionary of Reference and Allusion (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Sports and games Society North America United States The Corning Glass Company launches Pyrex, a new range of heat-resistant kitchen ware made from borosilicate glass Go to Corning Glass (1851) in A Dictionary of Modern Design (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Social and domestic Technology Inventions and discoveries Society North America United States D.W. Griffith's epic film The Birth of a Nation has its premiere in New York Go to Griffith, D(avid) W(ark) (1875–1948) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Film North America United States Pack Up Your Troubles in Your Old Kit Bag, by George Asaf and Felix Powell, rapidly becomes one of the most popular songs of the day See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Social and domestic War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Society Britain Somerset Maugham publishes his semi-autobiographical novel Of Human Bondage Go to Maugham, W. Somerset (1874–1965) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Fiction Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Canadian army surgeon John McCrae writes 'In Flanders Fields' after a friend is killed in the trenches Go to McCrae, John (1872 – 1918) in The Oxford Companion to Canadian Literature (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature Poetry Europe Belgium Radiotelephone messages are transmitted from Arlington in Virginia to the Eiffel Tower in Paris Go to Information and Communication Technology in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Technology Communication Europe France North America United States Thomas Edison invents a machine to record telephone conversations, calling it the telescribe Go to Edison, Thomas Alva (1847–1931) in A Dictionary of Scientists (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Technology Inventions and discoveries North America United States Australian author C.J. Dennis creates the Sentimental Bloke, featuring first in a book of poems and four years later in a film Go to Dennis, (Clarence Michael James) C. J. (1876–1938) in The Oxford Companion to Australian History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English Poetry Australia and Oceania Australia American campaigner for birth control Margaret Sanger publishes a controversial pamphlet, Family Limitation Go to Sanger, Margaret (1879–1966) in The Oxford Companion to United States History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Social and domestic Society North America United States US novelist Ernest Poole publishes The Harbor, set on the Brooklyn waterfront Go to Poole, Ernest (1880–1950) in The Oxford Companion to American Literature (6 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English Fiction North America United States Franz Kafka publishes Metamorphosis, the tale of a travelling salesman who wakes up to find himself transformed into an insect Go to Kafka, Franz (1883–1924) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature Fiction Bohemia Czech Republic Woodrow Wilson sends US marines to take control in Haiti after a spate of political assassinations Go to Wilson, Woodrow (1856–1924) in The Oxford Companion to United States History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization US presidents Rulers and politicians Latin America Caribbean Kasimir Malevich exhibits his painting Black Square in Petrograd, in the final Futurist exhibition Go to Malevich, Kasimir (11 [23] Feb. 1878) in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting Europe Russia Charlie Chaplin makes The Tramp, giving prominence to the famous character he launched the previous year in Kid Auto Races at Venice Go to Chaplin, Charlie (1889–1977) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Film Venice North America United States The nearest star to earth, the red dwarf Proxima Centauri 4.22 light years away, is discovered by Robert Innes, Scottish director of the Johannesburg Observatory Go to Proxima Centauri in A Dictionary of Astronomy (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Astronomy and space Africa South Africa South Africa (republic) Typhoid-carrier Mary Mallon is detained in New York after leaving a trail of destruction Go to Typhoid Mary in A Dictionary of Public Health (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Medicine Social and domestic Society North America United States The Irish painter Jack Yeats develops a romantic Expressionist style, with a new interest in Celtic myth Go to Yeats, Jack Butler (29 Aug. 1871) in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting British painting Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Ireland Britain The English writer Virginia Woolf publishes her first novel, The Voyage Out Go to Woolf, Virginia (1882–1941) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Fiction Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain The inflationary pressures of world war force nations to abandon the established gold standard Go to Gold Standard in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Commerce and industry Australia and Oceania Society North America Charles-édouard Jeanneret develops Maison Domino, a system of low-cost housing with reinforced concrete columns and precast floors Go to Corbusier, Le. in A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Architecture Switzerland D.H. Lawrence's novel about the Brangwen family, The Rainbow, is seized by the police as an obscene work Go to Lawrence, D(avid) H(erbert) (1885–1930) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Fiction Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain The Russian poet and dramatist Vladimir Mayakovsky publishes his first major long poem, A Cloud in Trousers Go to Mayakovsky, Vladimir Vladimirovich (1893–1930) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature Poetry Europe Russia Edgar Lee Masters makes his name as a poet with the publication of Spoon River Anthology Go to Masters, Edgar Lee (1868?–1950) in The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English Poetry North America United States Secret agent Richard Hannay makes his first appearance in John Buchan's Thirty-Nine Steps Go to Buchan, John, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir (1875–1940) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Fiction Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Rupert Brooke's 1914 and Other Poems is published a few months after his death in Greece Go to Brooke, Rupert Chawner (1887–1915) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Poetry Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain William Joseph Simmons, a suspended Methodist preacher in Georgia, wins a big racist following in the south with his revival of the defunct Ku Klux Klan Go to Ku Klux Klan in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Social and domestic Society North America United States Einstein submits a paper, The field equations of gravitation, containing the sums required to explain the general theory of relativity Go to relativity in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Physics Germany Petrograd buzzes with rumours about Rasputin's dissolute life, including salacious hints that he is the lover of the empress Alexandra Go to Rasputin, Grigori Yefimovich (1871–1916) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Europe Russia January - Winston Churchill is heavily involved in a bold plan to secure Allied access through the Dardanelles to the Black Sea Go to Dardanelles in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War British prime ministers - from 1830 Asia West Asia Turkey Rulers and politicians Wars since 1900 January - Germans make an experimental but ineffective use of chlorine gas against the Russians in Poland Go to chlorine gas in The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Poland Wars since 1900 January 19 - a Zeppelin airship makes a night-time bombing raid on the English port of Great Yarmouth Go to Zeppelin raids in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Wars since 1900 Britain January 24 - the German battle cruiser Blücher is sunk by the British off the Dogger Bank Go to Blücher, SMS, sinking of in The Oxford Companion to the Photograph (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Wars since 1900 Britain January 30 - two passenger liners are sunk by German U-boats Go to submarine in The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Wars since 1900 Britain February - British and French forces invade and capture the German colony of Cameroon Go to Cameroon in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa German empire Africa Central Africa East Africa Europe Empires Wars since 1900 Winston Churchill is a firm supporter of a new invention, the tank, encouraging its initial development while still at the Admiralty Go to tanks in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Technology Inventions and discoveries War Weapons Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Rulers and politicians Wars since 1900 Britain March - a typhus epidemic sweeps through Serbia, severely weakening the nation's armed forces Go to Serbia in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Science Medicine War Europe Wars since 1900 March 18 - British and French battleships are sunk by mines in the Dardanelles, with the loss of 620 French sailors on one of them Go to Dardanelles in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War British prime ministers - from 1830 Asia West Asia Turkey Rulers and politicians Wars since 1900 March 21 - two German Zeppelin airships bomb Paris, causing 23 deaths Go to zeppelin in A New Dictionary of Eponyms (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe France Wars since 1900 April - in a secret pact, signed in London, Italy is promised territorial gains if she joins the Allied side Go to Salandra, Antonio (13 Aug. 1853) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Wars since 1900 Britain April 1 - the French aviator Roland Garros fires a machine gun through the propeller in his fighter plane, using metal plates to deflect any bullets that hit the propeller Go to Air Warfare in The Oxford Companion to American Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Technology Inventions and discoveries War Weapons Europe France Wars since 1900 April 22 - the Germans attempt an advance on the western front, launching the second battle of Ypres Go to Ypres, Battles of (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Battles Europe Belgium Wars since 1900 April 22-23 - the Germans gain ground at Ypres after the first significant use of chlorine gas Go to chlorine gas in The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Battles Europe Belgium Wars since 1900 April 25 - British and French troops, together with the Australian and New Zealander Army Corps (ANZAC), land in Gallipoli Go to Gallipoli campaign (25 Apr. 1915–9) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Asia West Asia Turkey Wars since 1900 May - Italy revokes the Triple Alliance of 1882 that aligned her with Germany and Austria-Hungary Go to Triple Alliance in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War Europe Italy Wars since 1900 May 7 - the British passenger liner Lusitania is sunk by a U-boat, with the loss of 1000 civilian lives Go to Lusitania in The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Wars since 1900 Britain May 23 - Italy declares war against Austria-Hungary, but not as yet against Germany Go to Austria-Hungary in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Austria Italy Wars since 1900 May 31 - a German Zeppelin airship makes the first bombing raid on London Go to Zeppelin raids in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Wars since 1900 Britain from May - hundreds of thousands of Armenians die as the Turks forcibly remove them from their homelands Go to Armenian genocide (1915–16) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Turks Ottoman empire Asia West Asia Turkey Empires Wars since 1900 June - Dutch aircraft designer Anton Fokker, working for the Germans, vastly improves the Roland Garros technique for firing machine guns through the propellers of fighter planes Go to air power in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Technology Inventions and discoveries Weapons Germany July - South African troops capture German South West Africa Go to Namibia in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa German empire Africa South Africa Europe Empires Wars since 1900 July - German fighter planes are armed with new machine guns synchronized to fire between the revolving propeller blades Go to Air Warfare in The Oxford Companion to American Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Weapons Wars since 1900 July 30 the Germans make their first effective use of a new weapon, the flame thrower, in an attack on the British in the second battle of Ypres Go to flame-throwers in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Battles Europe Belgium Germany Wars since 1900 from July - the Russians advance through Turkish Armenia and push west into Anatolia as far as Trabzon Go to Armenia in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Turks Ottoman empire Asia West Asia Turkey Empires Wars since 1900 September 18 - the emperor Nicholas II moves to military HQ to take personal command of the Russian armies Go to Nicholas II (18 May 1868) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Russia Wars since 1900 September 25 - the British use chlorine gas for the first time in an attack on Loos, but in places it is blown back over the British lines when the wind changes Go to Loos, battle of (1915) in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Battles Europe France Wars since 1900 October 5 - French and British troops land at Salonika and push north to relieve Serbia Go to Salonika campaign (1915–Nov. 1918) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Greece Wars since 1900 October 9 - Austria-Hungary renews its attack on Serbia, and its troops capture Belgrade Go to Serbia in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Austria Wars since 1900 October 12 - the English nurse Edith Cavell is court-martialled and executed by German forces in Belgium Go to Cavell, Edith (1865–1915) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Belgium Wars since 1900 October 14 - Bulgaria, hoping to gain territory in disputed Macedonia, declares war on Serbia Go to Bulgaria in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Wars since 1900 October - the Serbian army flees, abandoning Serbia to Austrian and Bulgarian invaders Go to Serbia in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Austria Wars since 1900 November 22 - a British and Indian force is defeated by the Turks at Ctesiphon, on the bank of the Tigris Go to Mesopotamian campaign in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Battles Turks Mesopotamia Asia West Asia Iraq Wars since 1900 December - German armies make sufficient advances to drive the Russians out of Poland Go to Poland in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Poland Wars since 1900 December - Allied troops begin a withdrawal from the Dardanelles after the abject failure of the Gallipoli campaign Go to Gallipoli campaign (25 Apr. 1915–9) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War British prime ministers - from 1830 Asia West Asia Turkey Rulers and politicians Wars since 1900 from December - the 225-horsepower Eagle, the first of many Rolls-Royce aero-engines, is used to power British bombers Go to Royce, Sir Frederick Henry (1863–1933) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Weapons Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Wars since 1900 Britain
1916	Wartime income tax soars in Britain to an unprecedented 30% Go to war and economic growth in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Commerce and industry Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Society Britain New Zealand surgeon Harold Gillies sets up a plastic surgery unit at Aldershot, a British military base See this event in other timelines: 20th century Science Medicine Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Australia and Oceania New Zealand Europe Britain The opera Goyescas, by Spanish composer Enrique Granados, has its premiere in New York Go to Granados, Enrique (1867) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Opera Europe Spain North America United States Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg found the radical Spartacus League, named after the gladiator Go to Spartacists in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion Germany Ras Tafari, a member of the Ethiopian imperial family, deposes his distant relation the emperor and puts on the throne his aunt, Zauditu Go to Ethiopia in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Africa East Africa Ethiopia Max Aitken, later Lord Beaverbook, buys a controlling share in the British newspaper the Daily Express Go to Beaverbrook, (William) Max(well) Aitken, 1st Baron (1879–1964) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Commerce and industry Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Society Britain Haiti becomes a US protectorate, under the terms of a treaty signed in the previous year Go to Haiti in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Latin America Caribbean North America United States Enrique Granados, on the last leg of his return from New York, is one of many civilians to die when the Sussex is torpedoed by a U-boat in the English Channel Go to Granados, Enrique (1867) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Europe Spain North America United States The election of Hipolito Irigoyen as president begins sixteen years of radical government in Argentina Go to Irigoyen, Hipólito (1850–1933) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Latin America Argentina South America Earth's the right place for love' in Robert Frost's 'Birches', included in his collection Mountain Interval Go to Frost, Robert (1874–1963) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English Poetry North America United States The occupation of the General Post Office in Dublin marks the beginning of the Easter Rising Go to Easter Rising (24 Apr) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Ireland Britain The rebel leader Patrick Pearse stands under the portico of Dublin's General Post Office to announce the birth of the Irish republic Go to Pearse, Patrick (1879–1916) in The Oxford Companion to Irish History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion British Isles Europe Ireland Britain Roger Casement is arrested after returning secretly to Ireland three days before the Easter Rising Go to Casement, Roger David (1864–1916) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Ireland Britain Eamon de Valera comes to prominence as one of the republican leaders in the Easter Rising Go to De Valera, Éamon (14 Oct. 1882) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Ireland Britain The National Parks Service is set up within the US Department of the Interior Go to National Park System. (1872) in The Oxford Companion to United States History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Social and domestic Society North America United States Britain and France sign the secret Sykes-Picot Agreement, dividing up spheres of influence in the Middle East Go to Sykes–Picot Agreement (1916) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Mesopotamia Asia West Asia Iraq Lebanon and Syria Palestine and Israel Europe France Britain The Provincetown Players are founded in Massachusetts, opening with a production of Eugene O'Neill's Bound East for Cardiff Go to Provincetown Players, The in The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Theatre Drama North America United States In his first World Series for the Boston Red Sox, 21-year-old Babe Ruth sets a still unbroken record, pitching 13 successive scoreless innings Go to Ruth, Babe (1895–1948) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Sports and games Society North America United States The Villa Schwob is completed, the last house designed by Le Corbusier in La Chaux-de-Fonds and one of the first in the world to use reinforced concrete Go to Corbusier, Le. in A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Architecture Switzerland The success of Jenufa in Prague finally brings international recognition to Leos Janacek, already in his sixties Go to Janáček, Leoš (1854) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Opera Bohemia Czech Republic Patrick Pearse and his fellow Irish rebel James Connolly are executed by firing squad Go to Pearse, Patrick (1879–1916) in The Oxford Companion to Irish History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Ireland Britain Woodrow Wilson sends the marines to maintain order when the Dominican Republic slips towards civil war Go to Dominican Republic in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics War US presidents Rulers and politicians Latin America Caribbean The US National Defense Act establishes the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) Go to Reserve Officers Training Corps in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Social and domestic Society North America United States Manuel de Falla completes his piece for piano and orchestra, Nights in the Gardens of Spain Go to Falla, Manuel de (1876) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Europe Spain "If You Were the Only Girl in the World" features in the London musical The Bing Boys are Here Go to Grey Clifford in Encyclopedia of Popular Music (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain In his Course in General Linguistics Ferdinand de Saussure provides the basis for the broader development of structuralism Go to Saussure, Ferdinand de (1857–1913) in A Dictionary of Critical Theory (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Europe France William Boeing flies an aircraft built by himself, and a month later sets up in Seattle his own Aero Product company Go to Boeing, William Edward (1881–1956) in The Encyclopedia of the History of American Management (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Commerce and industry Travel and transport Technology Engineering Society North America United States Three members of the Russian imperial family assassinate the influential charlatan Grigory Rasputin Go to Rasputin, Grigori Yefimovich (1871–1916) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Terrorism and assassination Social and domestic Europe Russia Society The Passing Show of 1916 is the first of 22 musicals written in the short span of 17 years by the brothers George and Ira Gershwin Go to Gershwin, George (1898) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Theatre North America United States Ottorino Respighi completes his symphonic poem for orchestra Fountains of Rome, first performed in Rome the following year Go to Respighi, Ottorino (1879) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Rome Europe Italy Hubert Parry sets profoundly evocative verses by William Blake and gives his composition the title Jerusalem Go to Parry, Hubert (1848) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Jerusalem Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Maxim Gorky publishes My Apprenticeship, the second volume of his autobiography Go to Gorky, Maxim (1868–1936) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Europe Russia Tristan Tzara and other artists in Zurich call their new movement Dada (the French for 'hobby-horse', selected at random from a dictionary) Go to Dada in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Switzerland Gustav Holst completes his orchestral suite c, not performed in its entirety until 1920 Go to Holst, Gustav (1874) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain In his ground-breaking film Intolerance D.W. Griffith intercuts four parallel stories from different historical periods Go to Griffith, D(avid) W(ark) (1875–1948) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Film North America United States Robert Graves publishes his first book of poems, Over the Brazier Go to Graves, Robert Ranke (1895–1985) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Poetry Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain The musical Chu Chin Chow opens at His Majesty's Theatre in London and runs for a record 2235 performances Go to Chu Chin Chow in Encyclopedia of Popular Music (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Theatre Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain The Imagist poet H.D. (Hilda Doolittle) publishes her first collection, Sea Garden Go to Doolittle, Hilda (1886–1961) in The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English Poetry North America United States Claude Monet begins the great cyclorama of water-lilies, Nympheas, that he donates to the French nation Go to Monet, Claude (14 Nov. 1840) in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting French painting French art Europe France Margaret Sanger opens the first US birth control clinic, in a poor district of Brooklyn, and is gaoled for thirty days Go to Sanger, Margaret (1879–1966) in The Oxford Companion to United States History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Social and domestic Society North America United States Manchester dramatist Harold Brighouse has a major success when his play Hobson's Choice is performed in London Go to Brighouse, Harold (1882–1958) in The Oxford Companion to Theatre and Performance (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Theatre Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain After an 800-mile journey in an open boat Ernest Shackleton returns to rescue his stranded colleagues in the South Shetlands Go to Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry (1874–1922) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Exploration Society Latin America South America The Federal-Aid Highway Act sets up the first national road system in the US Go to Highway System. in The Oxford Companion to United States History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Travel and transport Technology Engineering Society North America United States The author H.H. Munro ('Saki') is killed by a sniper's bullet on a battlefield in France Go to Saki (1870–1916) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature French literature English literature Literature in English Fiction War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe France Britain Dogs are trained in Germany, by Dr Gerhard Stalling, to guide soldiers blinded in the war Go to World War I (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Social and domestic Germany Society Lloyd George splits his own Liberal party when he forms a coalition government with the Conservatives Go to Lloyd George, David (17 Jan. 1863) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Captain Peter Nissen, a Canadian mining engineer, designs the Nissen Hut for the Allied armies Go to Nissen hut in A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Technology Inventions and discoveries North America Canada British and French forces win full control of the German colonies of Togoland and Cameroon Go to Togoland in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa German empire Africa West Africa Europe Empires Wars since 1900 February 21 - a German thrust against the French begins the year-long battle of Verdun Go to Verdun, Battle of in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Battles Europe France Wars since 1900 Feb 26 - a French troopship La Provence is torpedoed by a U-boat off Cape Matapan and sinks with the loss of nearly 1000 lives Go to World War I (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe France Wars since 1900 March 2 - conscription is introduced in Britain for men aged between 18 and 40 Go to conscription in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Social and domestic War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Society Wars since 1900 Britain March 24 - a German U-boat sinks the Channel steamer Sussex, with the loss of many civilian lives Go to World War I. (August 1914) in The Oxford Companion to United States History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Wars since 1900 Britain April 29 - the British garrison at Kut, on the Tigris, surrenders to the Turks after a five-month siege Go to Kut, Siege of (December 1915–April 1916) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Turks Mesopotamia Asia West Asia Iraq Wars since 1900 May 31 - the German and British fleets clash off Jutland, in a hard-fought but inconclusive encounter Go to Jutland, battle of (1916) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Battles Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 Europe Germany Wars since 1900 Britain June 4 - Aleksei Brusilov leads a surprise Russian offensive against Germany and Austria-Hungary Go to Brusilov, Gen Aleksey (1853–1926) in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Russia Wars since 1900 June 5 - Sharif Hussein, the emir of Mecca, proclaims himself the leader of the Muslim world, thus launching an Arab revolt against the Ottoman empire Go to Hussein, ibn Ali (1856–1931) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Religion Islam War Turks Muslim empires Ottoman empire Asia West Asia Empires Wars since 1900 June 17 - Belgian troops from the Congo occupy the German colony of Ruanda-Urundi Go to Burundi in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa German empire Africa Central Africa East Africa Europe Empires Wars since 1900 June 24 - an Allied advance in the valley of the Somme launches a four-month battle with very heavy casualties Go to Somme, Battle of the in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Battles Europe France Wars since 1900 June 27 - Greece joins the Allies by declaring war on Bulgaria Go to Greece in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Greece Wars since 1900 August 20 - a brief success in the front line against Austria prompts Italy to declare war on Germany Go to Italy in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Germany Italy Wars since 1900 August 27 - Romania, hoping for territorial gains from Hungary, joins the war on the side of the Allies Go to Romania in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Wars since 1900 September 15 - eleven British tanks go into pioneering but ineffective action at the battle of the Somme Go to Somme, Battle of the in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Technology Inventions and discoveries War Europe France Wars since 1900 September 17 - Baron von Richthofen, the 'Red Baron', shoots down the first of many Allied aircraft Go to Richthofen, Manfred Freiherr von (1892–1918) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Germany Wars since 1900 November 7 - Woodrow Wilson wins re-election as US president after campaigning on the slogan 'He kept us out of war' Go to Wilson, Thomas Woodrow (28 Dec. 1856) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War US presidents Rulers and politicians Wars since 1900 North America United States November 21 - the emperor Francis Joseph dies after 66 years on the thrones of Austria and Hungary, to be succeeded by his great-nephew Charles I Go to Francis Joseph (1830–1916) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Austria Wars since 1900 December 6 - Bucharest, the capital of Romania, is captured by Austrian and Bulgarian forces Go to Romania in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Wars since 1900 December 6 - Herbert Asquith resigns in the face of a political coup against him, and is replaced as UK prime minister by Lloyd George Go to Asquith, Herbert Henry (12 Sept. 1852) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Rulers and politicians Wars since 1900 Britain December 16 - Philippe Pétain becomes a French national hero for his successful defence of Verdun Go to Pétain, Philippe (b. 24 Apr. 1856) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe France Wars since 1900
1917	Marcel Duchamp submits a ceramic urinal to the Society of Independent Artists in New York, giving it the title Fountain Go to Duchamp, Marcel (28 July 1887) in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts American art French art North America United States The French poet Guillaume Apollinaire is the first to use the term Surrealism Go to Surrealism in A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting French painting French art Europe France New York responds with enthusiasm when the Original Dixieland Jazz Band performs a new kind of music in Reisenweber's restaurant Go to Original Dixieland Jazz Band in Encyclopedia of Popular Music (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music North America United States The Jones Act gives Puerto Ricans US citizenship and a popularly elected Senate and House of Representatives Go to Jones Act in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Latinos and Latinas in the United States (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Latin America Caribbean North America United States Jeeves and Bertie Wooster make their first appearance in P.G. Wodehouse's The Man with Two Left Feet Go to Wodehouse, Sir P. G. (1881–1975) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Fiction Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain John Ireland's Second Violin Concerto meets with immediate approval Go to Ireland, John Nicholson (1879–1962) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Silent film comedian Harold Lloyd adopts the glasses and the straw hat that become his familiar props Go to Lloyd, Harold (1893–1971) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Film North America United States Wounded at the front on the Somme, the poet Wilfred Owen is invalided home to Britain Go to Owen, Wilfred (1893–1918) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature French literature Poetry War Europe France Amedeo Modigliani's first Paris exhibition is immediately closed by the police because it contains paintings of nudes Go to Modigliani, Amedeo (12 July 1884) in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting French painting French art Europe France Parade brings together Massine (choreography), Satie (music), Cocteau (libretto) and Picasso (sets and costumes) Go to Parade in The Oxford Dictionary of Dance (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Dance Music Europe France Piet Mondrian and other Dutch artists establish the movement known as De Stijl, together with a magazine of the same name Go to De Stijl in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting Flemish and Dutch painting Europe Netherlands Eamon de Valera, newly released from prison, is elected to lead Sinn Fein Go to De Valera, Éamon (14 Oct. 1882) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics British Isles Europe Ireland Britain Manuel de Falla's ballet The Three-Cornered Hat is produced by Diaghilev with choreography by Massine and designs by Picasso Go to Three-Cornered Hat, The in The Oxford Dictionary of Dance (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Dance Music Europe France Comedian Buster Keaton makes his first appearance in a film, The Butcher Boy Go to Keaton, Buster (1895–1966) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Film North America United States The first annual prizes are awarded, under the terms of Joseph Pulitzer's will, for the best new US novel, play, history and biography Go to Pulitzer Prizes in Journalism and Letters in The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English North America United States Australia Felix is the first in Henry Handel Richardson's trilogy of novels about her father Go to Richardson, Henry Handel (1870–1946) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature Literature in English Fiction Australia and Oceania Australia Race riots against migrant southern blacks in East St Louis, Missouri, leave forty-eight dead Go to East Saint Louis Riot in Encyclopedia of African American History 1896 to the Present (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Social and domestic Society North America United States Foreign Secretary A.J. Balfour declares Britain's conditional support for a homeland in Palestine for the Jews Go to Balfour declaration in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Religion Judaism Migration Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Asia West Asia Palestine and Israel Europe Society Rulers and politicians Britain Chequers, in the Chilterns, is privately donated to the nation to become the British prime minister's country residence Go to Chequers in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Otto Klemperer starts a seven-year spell as music director of Cologne opera, and begins to acquire an international reputation Go to Klemperer, Otto (1885–1973) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Germany Paul Valéry wins praise for his long symbolic poem La Jeune Parque Go to Valéry, Paul (-Ambroise) (1871–1945) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature French literature Poetry Europe France A massive explosion devastates Halifax, in Canada, after a collision involving a French munitions ship Go to Halifax Explosion in The Oxford Companion to Canadian History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics North America Canada The US Congress passes the Eighteenth Amendment, legislating for the introduction of Prohibition Go to Prohibition in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Social and domestic US presidents Society Rulers and politicians North America United States Anti-German feeling causes the British royal family to adopt the name Windsor instead of Saxe-Coburg & Gotha Go to Windsor, house of in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Social and domestic War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Society Wars since 1900 Britain March - German troops on the western front begin withdrawal to the recently constructed defences of the Hindenburg Line Go to Hindenburg Line in The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Germany Wars since 1900 March 1 - a deciphered telegram, from the German foreign minister Arthur Zimmermann, inflames US public opinion by promising Texas and more to Mexico Go to Zimmermann Note (19 Jan. 1917) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Social and domestic War Society Wars since 1900 North America United States March 10 - a mutiny by soldiers, in support of Petrograd demonstrators, proves a turning point in Russia's February revolution Go to Russian Revolution (1917) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion War Europe Russia Wars since 1900 March 11 - the British commander Stanley Maude captures Baghdad from the Turks Go to Mesopotamian campaign in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Turks Mesopotamia Asia West Asia Iraq Wars since 1900 March 11 - crowds demonstrating in Petrograd are fired on after tsar Nicholas II sanctions the use of force Go to Nicholas II (18 May 1868) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Persecution and repression Protest and rebellion War Europe Russia Wars since 1900 March 12 - an uprising in Petrograd brings the Peter and Paul fortress into the hands of the rebels Go to St Petersburg in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion War Europe Russia Wars since 1900 March 15 - with his capital city in the hands of rebels, tsar Nicholas II abdicates Go to Nicholas II (18 May 1868) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Europe Russia Wars since 1900 March 15 - the Petrograd Soviet demands drastic reforms in return for supporting the proposed Provisional Government in Russia Go to Russian Revolution (1917) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Europe Russia March 15 - Prince Georgi Lvov becomes prime minister in Russia's new Provisional Government Go to Russian Revolution (1917) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Europe Russia April - the German authorities allow Lenin to travel home from Switzerland through Germany, hoping for Communist disruption of the Russian war effort Go to Lenin, Vladimir Ilich (22 Apr. 1870) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics Communism War Germany Russia Wars since 1900 April - Lenin expounds in Petrograd the new theory of his April Theses, predicting the possibility of imminent revolution Go to Leninism in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Communism Protest and rebellion Europe Russia April 6 - Woodrow Wilson, president of the USA, declares war on Germany Go to Wilson, Thomas Woodrow (28 Dec. 1856) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War US presidents Rulers and politicians Wars since 1900 North America United States April - Trotsky hurries back to Russia from exile in the United States Go to Trotsky, Lev Davidovich (26 Oct. 1879) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion War Europe Russia Wars since 1900 April - German U-boats sink 430 Allied and neutral merchant ships in this month alone Go to submarine in The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Germany Wars since 1900 Britain North America Canada United States April 12 - Canadian troops take Vimy Ridge, subsequently the site of Canada's most important war memorial Go to Vimy Ridge, Battle of (9 April 1917) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Battles Europe France Wars since 1900 North America Canada June - the Allies frustrate the German U-boats by introducing the convoy system Go to convoy system in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 Europe Wars since 1900 Britain North America Canada United States June - a Russian summer offensive against the Germans results in massive loss of life and territory Go to eastern front (1914–18) in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Russia Wars since 1900 July 6 - T.E. Lawrence and an Arab force surprise the Turkish garrison at Aqaba and win an overwhelming victory Go to Lawrence, T(homas) E(dward) (1888–1935) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Battles Turks Asia West Asia Wars since 1900 July 17 (O.S. July 4) - an armed uprising in Petrograd disperses after Lenin declines to give support Go to Russian Revolution (1917) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Communism Protest and rebellion Europe Russia July - Trotsky is imprisoned and Lenin flees to Finland as Russia's Provisional Government cracks down on the Bolsheviks Go to Bolsheviks in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Communism Protest and rebellion Europe Finland Russia July 21 - Prince Lvov steps down as head of the Provisional Government in Russia and is replaced by Alexander Kerensky Go to Kerensky, Alexander Feodorovich (1881–1970) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Europe Russia July 31 - Haig sends British troops over the top in the third battle of Ypres Go to Ypres, Battles of (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Battles Europe Belgium Wars since 1900 August - Kerensky dismisses Kornilov as commander-in-chief, antagonizing the right wing in Russia Go to Kerenski, Alexander Fyodorovich (1881) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Europe Russia September - Russian opinion polarizes, with support growing for left-wing Bolsheviks and right-wing Kadets Go to Russian Revolution (1917) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Europe Russia September - Trotsky, released from prison, stages a coup to win Bolshevik control of the Petrograd Soviet Go to Trotsky, Lev Davidovich (26 Oct. 1879) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion War Europe Russia Wars since 1900 October - Lenin, in disguise, returns from Finland to Petrograd, where he hides in the flat of a party worker Go to Lenin, Vladimir Ilich (22 Apr. 1870) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Communism Protest and rebellion Europe Finland Russia October 23 - Lenin persuades the Bolshevik central committee to vote for an armed insurrection Go to Bolsheviks in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Communism Protest and rebellion Europe Russia October 15 - the dancer Mata Hari is executed in France as a German spy Go to Mata Hari (b. 7 Aug. 1876) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Social and domestic War Europe France Society Wars since 1900 October 24 - a victory at Caporetto enables the Austrian army to penetrate far into northeast Italy Go to Caporetto, Battle of (24 October 1917) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Battles Europe Italy Wars since 1900 November - women are enlisted into Britain's army (Women's Auxiliary Corps) and navy (Women's Royal Naval Service) Go to women in the military in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Social and domestic War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Society Wars since 1900 Britain November 3 (October 21 O.S.) - the soldiers of the Petrograd garrison mutiny on being ordered to the front Go to Russian Revolution (1917) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion Europe Russia November 5 (October 23 O.S) - the Peter and Paul fortress is taken, giving the Bolsheviks control of Petrograd Go to Bolsheviks in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion Europe Russia November 6 - British and Canadian infantry, slithering through a morass of mud, capture the village of Passchendaele Go to Passchendaele, Battle of in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Battles Europe Wars since 1900 November 7 - Edmund Allenby takes the Palestinian town of Gaza, at the third British attempt Go to Allenby, Edmund Henry Hynman, 1st Viscount (1861–1936) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Asia West Asia Palestine and Israel Wars since 1900 November 7 (October 26 O.S) - Bolsheviks storm the Winter Palace in Petrograd and arrest the ministers of the Provisional Government Go to Russian Revolution (1917) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion War Europe Russia Wars since 1900 November 8 - Lenin issues a Decree of Peace, inviting Russia's enemies to enter into immediate peace negotiations Go to Lenin, Vladimir Ilich (22 Apr. 1870) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Communism War Europe Russia Wars since 1900 November 8 (October 26 O.S) - Lenin's Decree on Land abolishes private ownership of large estates and promises the land to the peasants Go to Lenin, Vladimir Ilich (22 Apr. 1870) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Communism Commerce and industry Europe Russia Society November 8-12 - the Bolsheviks attempt to stifle opposition in the run-up to the election for Russia's new Constituent Assembly Go to Bolsheviks in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Europe Russia November 20 - suitable ground is selected by the British at the battle of Cambrai for the first serious deployment of their new tanks Go to Cambrai, battle of (1917) in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Technology Inventions and discoveries War Europe France Wars since 1900 December - the Cheka (origin of the KGB) is established to suppress political dissent in Russia Go to Cheka in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Europe Russia December - wartime scarcity causes sugar rationing to be imposed in Britain, to be followed soon by meat and butter and related products Go to food rationing in A Dictionary of Public Health (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Social and domestic War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Society Wars since 1900 Britain December 9 - the British commander Edmund Allenby captures Jerusalem from its Turkish defenders Go to Allenby, Edmund Henry Hynman, 1st Viscount (1861–1936) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Jerusalem Turks Asia West Asia Palestine and Israel Wars since 1900
1918	Béla Bartók's opera Duke Bluebeard's Castle is finally staged in Budapest, nine years after its composition Go to Bartók, Béla (1881) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Opera Europe Hungary The British viceroy in Dublin imprisons 73 Sinn Fein leaders, including Eamon de Valera, on allegations of a German plot Go to German Plot in Brewer's Dictionary of Irish Phrase & Fable (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Ireland Britain British women are at last given the right to vote, but only if aged 30 or over Go to suffrage in The Oxford Companion to British History (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Rulers and politicians Britain Wafd, a national party, is formed in Cairo with the purpose of ending Egypt's enforced link with Britain Go to Wafd in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa North Africa Egypt Europe Empires Lytton Strachey fails to show conventional respect to four famous Victorians in his influential volume of short biographies entitled Eminent Victorians Go to Strachey, (Giles) Lytton (1880–1932) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain In Alexander Blok's poem The Twelve, Christ leads his apostles in support of Russia's revolution Go to Blok, Alexander (28 Nov. 1880) in The Continuum Companion to Twentieth Century Theatre (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature Poetry Europe Russia Rebecca West publishes her first novel, The Return of the Soldier Go to West, Dame Rebecca (1892–1983) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Fiction Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain The Russian artist Kasimir Malevich begins a series of White on White paintings Go to Malevich, Kasimir (11 [23] Feb. 1878) in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting Europe Russia Marie Stopes, a committed advocate of birth control, publishes Married Love, a frank discussion of sexual relations Go to Stopes, Marie Charlotte Carmichael (1880–1958) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Social and domestic Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Society Britain Eric Gill completes his Stations of the Cross for Westminster Cathedral Go to Gill, Eric (1882–1940) in A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Sculpture British art Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Dutch designer Gerrit Rietveld produces his 'Red and Blue Chair', under the influence of the De Stijl movement Go to Rietveld, Gerrit (1888–1964) in A Dictionary of Modern Design (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Decorative arts Europe Netherlands Wilfred Owen, having returned to the front, is killed by machine-gun fire a week before the end of the war Go to Owen, Wilfred (1893–1918) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature Poetry War Europe France In My Antonia Willa Cather's heroine survives setbacks on the Nebraska frontier Go to Cather, Willa (1873–1947) in The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English Fiction North America United States Countess Markiewicz, an Irish republican, is elected a member of Britain's House of Commons but refuses to take her seat Go to Rebel Countess, the in Brewer's Dictionary of Irish Phrase & Fable (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent British Isles Europe Ireland Britain Lloyd George, fighting the British general election as head of a coalition, devastates the Liberal opposition Go to Lloyd George, David (17 Jan. 1863) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles British prime ministers - from 1830 Europe Rulers and politicians Britain January - supporters of the old regime within the Russian army prepare to use force against the new Bolshevik regime Go to Bolsheviks in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics War Europe Russia January 8 - President Woodrow Wilson formulates fourteen detailed proposals as a basis for world peace once the conflict has ended Go to Fourteen Points in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War US presidents Rulers and politicians Wars since 1900 North America United States January 19 - Lenin dissolves the elected assembly in Petrograd to establish a one-party Soviet state Go to Lenin, Vladimir Ilich (22 Apr. 1870) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Communism Europe Russia March - Lavr Kornilov leads the heroic Ice March which boosts the morale of the White Russians Go to White Russians in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century War Europe Russia March - the Bolsheviks, now in power, change their name to the more resounding Russian Communist Party Go to Communist Party in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Communism Europe Russia March 3 - at Brest-Litovsk Lenin signs a peace treaty with Germany and Austria, ceding vast territories and valuable resources Go to Brest‐Litovsk, Treaty of (3 Mar. 1918) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Communism War Europe Germany Russia Wars since 1900 March 10 - Lenin moves the capital of Russia from Petrograd back to Moscow Go to Moscow in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Communism Europe Russia March 13 - Trotsky, given the task of creating an army for the Bolsheviks, conscripts peasants from the villages Go to Trotsky, Lev Davidovich (26 Oct. 1879) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics War Europe Russia April 21 - the German air ace Baron von Richthofen is finally shot down, after himself destroying 80 Allied planes Go to Richthofen, Manfred Freiherr von (1892–1918) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Germany Wars since 1900 May - women are enlisted in Britain's air force, in the newly formed WRAF (Women's Royal Air Force) Go to women in the military in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Social and domestic War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Society Wars since 1900 Britain May - US troops are by now fighting in large numbers on the western front Go to Western Front in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Belgium France Wars since 1900 North America United States from June - Faisal and T.E. Lawrence pin down a Turkish army in a campaign of guerrilla warfare Go to Lawrence, T(homas) E(dward) (1888–1935) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Turks Asia West Asia Wars since 1900 Russia's peasants, victims of White and Red Terror, suffer atrocities from both sides in the civil war Go to Russian Revolution (1917) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Social and domestic War Europe Russia Society Civil war enables the Bolsheviks to impose a rigid system of state control on the Russian economy, through War Communism and Food Brigades Go to communism in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Communism Commerce and industry Europe Russia Society July 8 - Hermann Goering, a fighter ace who has shot down 22 Allied aircraft by the end of the war, becomes commander of the Richthofen Squadron Go to Goering, Hermann (b. 12 Jan. 1893) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Germany Wars since 1900 July 17 - Tsar Nicholas II and his wife and children are murdered by the Bolsheviks at Ekaterinburg Go to Nicholas II (18 May 1868) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Europe Russia Wars since 1900 July 18 - the Allies hold the Germans on the Marne and begin a successful counterattack with tanks Go to Marne, Battles of the in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Battles Europe France Wars since 1900 August - a world-wide pandemic of influenza breaks out, and within the space of a year kills 30 million people Go to Influenza in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Science Medicine Social and domestic War Society Wars since 1900 August 4 - Adolf Hitler is awarded the Iron Cross, First Class, a decoration rarely given to a corporal Go to Hitler, Adolf (b. 20 Apr. 1889) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Germany Wars since 1900 September - the Allies, with Serb troops in the vanguard, press north from Salonika into Serbia Go to Serbia in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Greece Wars since 1900 September 29 - the Bulgarians, driven from Serbia, sign an armistice with the Allies Go to Bulgaria in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Wars since 1900 October 1 - after a victory at the historic battle site of Megiddo, Allenby captures the city of Damascus Go to Allenby, Edmund Henry Hynman, 1st Viscount (1861–1936) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Battles Asia West Asia Lebanon and Syria Wars since 1900 October 4 - the Kaiser appoints a new chancellor, Prince Max von Baden, to negotiate an end to the war Go to Max von Baden, Prinz (1867–1929) in The Oxford Companion to German Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War German empire Germany Empires Wars since 1900 October 5 - the new German chancellor, Prince Max of Baden, sends a message to President Wilson requesting an immediate armistice Go to Max von Baden, Prinz (1867–1929) in The Oxford Companion to German Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War US presidents Germany Rulers and politicians Wars since 1900 October 5 - the British, under Douglas Haig, break through Germany's heavily defended Hindenburg Line Go to Hindenburg Line in The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Germany Wars since 1900 October 30 - an armistice is signed between Turkey and the Allies on the warship Agamemnon in the Greek port of Mudros Go to Turkey in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Muslim empires Ottoman empire Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Empires Wars since 1900 October 30 - a mutiny in Germany's fleet in Kiel sparks uprisings in several German cities Go to Schleswig-Holstein in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics Persecution and repression War Germany Wars since 1900 November 7 - Austria-Hungary signs a separate armistice with the Allied powers, in a villa near Padua, without waiting for the Germans Go to Austria-Hungary in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Austria Wars since 1900 November 8 - the Allied commander-in chief, Marshal Foch, meets a German delegation in a railway carriage in the forest of Compiègne to discuss an armistice Go to Foch, Ferdinand (1851–1929) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe France Germany Wars since 1900 November 9 - Friedrich Ebert, leader of the Social Democrats, becomes the first chancellor of the newly proclaimed German republic Go to Ebert, Friedrich (4 Feb. 1871) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War Germany Wars since 1900 November 9 - the Spartacus League proclaims a rival German republic on soviet lines Go to Spartacists in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion Germany November 10 - Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates and goes into exile in the Netherlands Go to Wilhelm II (b. 27 Jan. 1859) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Germany Wars since 1900 November 11 - the Allies and the Germans finally agree the terms of an armistice at 5 a.m. Go to World War I (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War British prime ministers - from 1830 US presidents Europe France Germany Rulers and politicians Wars since 1900 November 11 - the war ends with the official cessation of hostilities at 11 a.m., the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month Go to Armistice, 1918 in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War British prime ministers - from 1830 US presidents Rulers and politicians Wars since 1900 November 13 - the deposition of the emperor Charles I by the Austrian government brings to a formal end the empire of Austria-Hungary and more than six centuries of Habsburg rule Go to Habsburg in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty War Austria Wars since 1900 November 13 - with the end of the Habsburg empire, German-speaking Austrians declare their own much smaller territory to be an independent republic Go to Austria in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War Austria Wars since 1900 November 14 - the new nation of Czechoslovakia is established from within Austria-Hungary, with Tomas Masaryk as its first president Go to Masaryk, Tómas Garrigue (7 Mar. 1850) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War Bohemia Austria Czech Republic Wars since 1900 November 16 - prime minister Mihaly Karolyi proclaims the republic of Hungary, after the demise of Austria-Hungary Go to Károlyi, Mihály, Count (1875–1955) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War Europe Austria Hungary Wars since 1900 November 23 - Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, commander of the German army in East Africa, surrenders after four stubborn years of resistance Go to Lettow-Vorbeck, Gen Paul Emil von (1870–1964) in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa German empire Africa East Africa Europe Empires Wars since 1900 December 1 - Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia and Montenegro merge as the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, with the Serbian Peter I as king Go to Peter I (1844–1921) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War Europe Wars since 1900
1914-1918	The Great War has resulted in some 8 million dead in the armed forces of the rival nations Go to World War I (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Wars since 1900 Approximately 7 million civilians are calculated to have died as a direct result of the four years of war Go to World War I (1914–18) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Social and domestic War Society Wars since 1900
1919	January 4 - Finland wins freedom from Russia and becomes an independent republic Go to Finland in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War Europe Finland Wars since 1900 Composer and pianist Ignacy Jan Paderewski becomes prime minister of the newly independent Poland Go to Paderewski, Ignacy Jan (1860–1941) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Politics Europe Poland The Sinn Fein members elected to Westminster establish their own parliament in Dublin, the Dáil Eireann (Assembly of Ireland), soon declared illegal by Britain Go to Dáil Éireann in The Oxford Companion to Irish History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Ireland Britain The armed supporters of Sinn Fein become the IRA, or Irish Republican Army, in Ireland's war of independence Go to Irish Republican Army in The Oxford Companion to Irish History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Ireland Britain Quia Pauper Amavi contains the first three of Ezra Pound's eventually more than 100 cantos Go to Pound, Ezra (1885–1972) in The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English Poetry North America United States Michael Collins springs de Valera from Lincoln gaol, with the help of a duplicate key Go to Collins, Michael (16 Oct. 1890) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Ireland Britain Returning from active service with the Royal Navy, Erskine Childers devotes his energies to Sinn Fein and Irish independence Go to Childers, Erskine (1870–1922) in The Oxford Companion to Irish History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent British Isles Europe Ireland Britain Mussolini founds the Fasci di Combattimento, dedicated to opposing the Socialist party Go to Mussolini, Benito (29 July 1883) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Europe Italy Edward Elgar completes his last great work, the Cello Concerto in E minor Go to Elgar, Edward (1857) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain More than 300 die when British troops fire on a peaceful demonstration in Amritsar Go to Amritsar Massacres (1919) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Conquest and colonization British empire European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa Africa Asia South Asia India (the subcontinent) India (republic) Europe Empires H.L. Mencken's The American Language traces the gradual evolution of American from English Go to Mencken, H[enry] L[ouis] (1880–1956) in The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English North America United States The Swiss theologian Karl Barth publishes his influential Commentary on Romans, taking St Paul's epistle as his text Go to Barth, Karl (1886–1968) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Religion Christianity Switzerland The Soviet system of Gulag slave labour camps is introduced, under the control of the secret service, the Cheka Go to gulag in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Persecution and repression Europe Russia Music-hall artist Harry Lauder is knighted for his wartime performances entertaining troops at the front Go to Lauder, Sir Harry MacLennan (1870–1950) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Theatre Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain Mustafa Kemal Atatürk leads resistance to the Greek invasion of western Turkey Go to Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal (12 Mar. 1880) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century War Asia West Asia Turkey Employers' refusal to allow collective bargaining prompts a general strike in Winnipeg, the largest dispute of its kind in Canada's history Go to Winnipeg General Strike in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Commerce and industry Social and domestic Society North America Canada Léonide Massine, Ottorino Respighi and André Derain collaborate on the ballet La Boutique Fantasque Go to Boutique fantasque, La in The Oxford Dictionary of Dance (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Dance Music Europe France John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown fly from St John's in Newfoundland to Clifden in Ireland Go to Alcock, Sir John William (1892–1919) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Travel and transport Technology Engineering British Isles Europe Ireland Society Britain North America Canada Mussolini's Fascist party rapidly acquires an aggressive presence, thanks to his gangs of armed thugs in their blackshirt uniforms Go to Blackshirts in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Persecution and repression Europe Italy US boxer Jack Dempsey defeats Jess Willard for the world heavyweight title, sending him from the ring with a broken jaw Go to Dempsey, Jack (1895–1983) in A Dictionary of Sports Studies (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Sports and games Society North America United States At least thirty-eight people are killed in a race riot in Chicago Go to Chicago Riot in Encyclopedia of African American History 1896 to the Present (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Social and domestic Society North America United States Adolf Hitler joins the tiny German Workers' party, the members of which share his own virulent anti-Semitism Go to Hitler, Adolf (b. 20 Apr. 1889) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Germany French poets Louis Aragon and André Breton launch Littérature, a surrealist review Go to Aragon, Louis (1897–1982) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Europe France The League of Nations makes South West Africa (Namibia) a mandated British territory, to be administered by South Africa Go to Namibia in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa German empire Africa North Africa Europe Empires Wars since 1900 Afghanistan finally achieves international recognition as an independent nation Go to Afghanistan in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Asia Central Asia Afghanistan Lillian Gish stars as a Cockney girl in D.W. Griffith's inter-racial film romance Broken Blossoms, set in London's slums Go to Gish, Lillian (1896–1993) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Film North America United States Nancy Astor, as MP for Plymouth, becomes the first woman to take her seat in Britain's House of Commons Go to Astor, Nancy Witcher Langhorne,Viscountess (1879–1964) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Democracy and dissent Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain On the death of Louis Botha, Jan Smuts succeeds him as prime minister of South Africa Go to Smuts, Jan Christian (24 May 1870) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Africa South Africa South Africa (republic) The port of Fiume, belonging to Yugoslavia, is seized by Gabriele d'Annunzio and 300 Italian volunteers Go to D'Annunzio, Gabriele (1863–1938) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Europe Steelworkers go on strike in the US, attempting a major confrontation with industrial management Go to Steel Strike of 1919. in The Oxford Companion to United States History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Commerce and industry Social and domestic Society North America United States Walter Gropius becomes director of the newly formed Bauhaus in Weimar Go to Bauhaus in A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Architecture Germany President Woodrow Wilson suffers a severe stroke that renders him largely incapable during the final seventeen months of his presidency Go to Wilson, Thomas Woodrow (28 Dec. 1856) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics US presidents Rulers and politicians North America United States Marcel Duchamp adds a moustache and beard to a postcard of the Mona Lisa, and gives it the subtly offensive French title LHOOQ Go to Duchamp, Marcel (28 July 1887) in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts American art French art Europe France North America United States In The Economic Consequences of the Peace Maynard Keynes publishes a strong attack on the reparations demanded from Germany Go to Keynes, John Maynard, 1st Baron (1883–1946) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature English literature Literature in English Commerce and industry Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Society Britain A White army, advancing on Moscow, is stopped about 250 miles from the city Go to White Army in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century War Europe Russia The actors Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and Charlie Chaplin establish United Artists with the director D.W. Griffith Go to United Artists in The Oxford Companion to the American Musical (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Film North America United States A White army occupies hills overlooking Petrograd before being driven back by Trotsky Go to White Army in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century War Europe Russia Canadian National Railways is formed from two of the country's largest rail systems Go to Canadian National Railways in The Oxford Companion to Canadian History (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Travel and transport Technology Engineering Society North America Canada The phrase Abstract Expressionism is first used, describing the work of Wassily Kandinsky Go to Kandinsky, Wassily (22 Nov. [4 Dec.] 1866) in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting Europe Russia Darius Milhaud provides the score for Jean Cocteau's pantomime ballet Le Boeuf sur le toit Go to Milhaud, Darius (1892–1974) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Dance Music Europe France John Singer Sargent completes Gassed, a powerful image of one of the particular horrors of the recent war Go to Sargent, John Singer (1856–1925) in A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Arts Painting British painting British art Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Britain The prime minister of Poland, Ignacy Jan Paderewski, resigns his post so as to concentrate on his concert career Go to Paderewski, Ignacy Jan (1860) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Performing arts Music Politics Europe Poland Boston Red Sox sell their star player, Babe Ruth, to the New York Yankees for $125,000 Go to Ruth, Babe (1895–1948) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Sports and games Society North America United States Sherwood Anderson establishes a reputation with a collection of short stories, Winesburg, Ohio Go to Anderson, Sherwood (1876–1941) in The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Literature American literature Literature in English Fiction North America United States January 1 - the Spartacus League transforms itself into the Communist party of Germany Go to Spartacists in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Communism Protest and rebellion Germany January 6 - a vast crowd, assembling in Berlin, calls for a revolution and begins to seize public buildings Go to Spartacists in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion Germany January 15 - after ten days of street fighting in Berlin, Spartacus leaders Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg are captured and shot Go to Luxemburg, Rosa (1871–1919) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Protest and rebellion Germany January 18 - the delegates to the peace conference in Paris, mainly concerned with the terms to be imposed on Germany, hold their first session Go to Paris Peace Conference (1919–20) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War Europe France Wars since 1900 February - Hitler returns to Munich and in the prevailing mood of post-defeat resentment begins to take an interest in extremist politics Go to Hitler, Adolf (b. 20 Apr. 1889) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Europe Germany Wars since 1900 February - the German assembly meets in Weimar and elects Ebert as president of the new republic Go to Ebert, Friedrich (b. 4 Feb. 1871) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 20th century Politics Germany April - delegates to the Paris peace conference unanimously establish the League of Nations Go to League of Nations in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War Europe France Wars since 1900 June 21 - German sailors scuttle every one of the fifty warships held by the British in Scapa Flow Go to High Seas Fleet in The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century War Great Britain - from 1707 United Kingdom - from 1801 British Isles Europe Wars since 1900 Britain June 28 - the peace treaty with Germany, ending the world war, is signed in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles Go to Versailles, Treaty of (28 June 1919) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War Europe France Wars since 1900 June 28 - the Versailles Treaty declares that Germany must pay reparations for wartime damages, with the precise amount to be decided by May 1921 Go to reparations in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War German empire Germany Empires Wars since 1900 June 28 - the peace-makers in Paris assign the Sudetenland, with its 3.5 million German-speaking inhabitants, to the new republic of Czechoslovakia Go to Sudetenland in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War Bohemia Czech Republic Germany Wars since 1900 June 28 - the Versailles Treaty makes Danzig (or Gdansk) a free city (from 10 January 1920), under the protection of the League of Nations Go to Danzig in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War Europe Poland Wars since 1900 June 28 - the Versailles Treaty provides a corridor of land to give Poland access to Danzig and the Baltic, thereby dividing two parts of Germany Go to Polish Corridor in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War Europe Germany Poland Wars since 1900 June 28 - the German-speaking inhabitants of South Tirol are incorporated within Italy under the Versailles peace terms Go to South Tirol in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War Europe Italy Wars since 1900 June 28 - German East Africa is to be governed by Britain as Tanganyika, under a League of Nations mandate Go to Tanzania in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War European empires from 1415 European empires in Africa German empire Africa East Africa Europe Empires Wars since 1900 To President Wilson's profound disappointment the US Congress, by failing to ratify the treaty of Versailles, opts out of the League of Nations Go to Treaty of Versailles in The Oxford Guide to the United States Government (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: First World War 20th century Politics War US presidents Rulers and politicians Wars since 1900 North America United States

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date: 24 September 2023

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Timeline: 1910s