1000-600 BCE

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Timeline: 1000-600 BCE

Years: c. 1000 BCE - c. 600 BCE	Subject: History, Ancient history (non-classical to 500 CE)
Publisher: HistoryWorld	Online Publication Date: 2012
Current online version: 2012	eISBN: 9780191735370

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BCE CE

Year	Event
c. 1000 BCE	The Jews write down the Torah, the earliest part of the text subsequently known to Christians as the Old Testament Go to Torah in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE Religion Judaism Asia West Asia Palestine and Israel Petra acquires importance and wealth from its position on caravan routes from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Go to Petra in The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE Commerce and industry Asia West Asia Society The Israelites, settled in Canaan, become the first people in history to decide that their god is the only god Go to Israelites in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE Religion Judaism Asia West Asia Palestine and Israel The abacus is used as an everyday method of calculation by Phoenicians and Babylonians Go to abacus in The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE Assyria and Babylon Commerce and industry The Phoenicians Mesopotamia Asia West Asia Iraq Lebanon and Syria Society By now the mammoth, the giant bison and the horse are all extinct in America, partly because of the warming climate and partly because of the success of humans with spears Go to Clovis culture in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE American Indians North America The Israelites are defeated by the Philistines on Mount Gilboa, with Saul and three of his sons dying during or after the battle Go to Saul in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE War Battles Asia West Asia Palestine and Israel Massive stone heads carved by the Olmecs provide a dramatic beginning to the story of American sculpture Go to Olmec in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE Mesoamerican civilization Arts Sculpture Latin America Central America Mexico The nomadic fighters of the steppes, nimble on horseback and shooting arrows as they go, pioneer the techniques of cavalry warfare Go to horses in The Oxford Classical Dictionary (3 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE War Asia Central Asia Tyre and Sidon have by now replaced Byblos as the dominant cities within Phoenicia Go to Tyre in The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE Commerce and industry The Phoenicians Lebanon and Syria Society The Olmecs raise large clay platforms, probably with temples at the top, beginning the long American tradition of sacred pyramids Go to Olmec in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE Mesoamerican civilization Architecture American architecture Religion Latin America Central America Mexico Iron reheated with carbon is found to be much harder, being transformed into steel Go to steel in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE Technology Inventions and discoveries Asia West Asia Burial mounds feature in the Ohio valley, built first in the Adena culture and then by Hopewell tribes Go to Adena Complex in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 3100-1000 BCE Architecture American architecture Religion American Indians North America United States
c. 990 BCE	David, already king of Judah and now anointed king of Israel, brings into one realm the twelve tribes of the Israelites Go to David in A Dictionary of the Bible (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Politics Dynasties and royalty Judaism Asia West Asia Palestine and Israel David captures Jerusalem, which he makes his capital - bringing here the ark of the covenant Go to David in A Dictionary of the Bible (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Politics Dynasties and royalty Judaism Jerusalem Asia West Asia Palestine and Israel
c. 970 BCE	Hiram, the Phoenician king of Tyre, is an enthusiastic trading partner of King David in Jerusalem, and later of Solomon Go to Hiram in The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Judaism Commerce and industry The Phoenicians Jerusalem Asia West Asia Palestine and Israel Society
c. 965 BCE	Solomon becomes king of Israel and presides over a period of peace and prosperity Go to Solomon (d. 922 bc) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Politics Dynasties and royalty Judaism Asia West Asia Palestine and Israel
c. 960 BCE	Solomon, the king of Israel, builds the first Temple in Jerusalem Go to Temple, the in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Religion Judaism Jerusalem Asia West Asia Palestine and Israel
c. 950 BCE	The Queen of Sheba, who visits Solomon in Jerusalem, is legendary - but her kingdom of Saba is a historical reality Go to Saba in The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Politics Dynasties and royalty Judaism Jerusalem Asia West Asia Palestine and Israel Libyans in the Egyptian army take control of the nation and rule as pharaohs Go to pharaoh in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Politics Dynasties and royalty Africa North Africa Egypt Wood from the famous cedars of Lebanon is only one of the many luxury goods traded by the Phoenicians Go to Phoenicians in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Commerce and industry The Phoenicians Asia West Asia Lebanon and Syria Society
c. 910 BCE	Solomon's son Rehoboam is unable to prevent the ten northern tribes going their own way, under the leadership of Jeroboam Go to Rehoboam in A Dictionary of the Bible (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Politics Dynasties and royalty Asia West Asia Palestine and Israel
c. 900 BCE	Chávin de Huántar becomes the centre of the first civilization of south America Go to Chavín culture in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Civilizations of Peru Andean Civilizations Latin America Peru South America With the encouragements of Athens, non-Dorian Greeks migrate to form colonies on the west coast of Anatolia Go to Anatolia in Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Ancient Athens Europe Greece La Venta replaces San Lorenzo as the capital city and cultural centre of the Olmecs Go to La Venta, Chiapas, Mexico in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Mesoamerican civilization Politics Latin America Central America Mexico
883-859 BCE	Assyria, during the reign of Ashurnasirpal II, once again recovers an extensive empire Go to Assyrian civilization in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Assyria and Babylon Mesopotamia Asia West Asia Iraq Lebanon and Syria
c. 870 BCE	Ashurnasirpal II creates a spectacular new capital at Nimrud (and claims to have had 69,574 guests at his palace-warming party) Go to Nimrud in The Oxford Classical Dictionary (3 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Assyria and Babylon Politics Dynasties and royalty Mesopotamia Asia West Asia Iraq Lebanon and Syria An annual event in Assyria is the departure of the army in spring for an expedition of ruthless and brutal conquest Go to Assyrian civilization in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Assyria and Babylon War Mesopotamia Asia West Asia Iraq Lebanon and Syria
868 BCE	Ashburbanipal II extracts tribute from the cities of Phoenicia, beginning a period of Assyrian domination of the region Go to Assyrian civilization in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Assyria and Babylon The Phoenicians Lebanon and Syria
853 BCE	Gindibu brings 1000 Arab warriors on camels to do battle at Karkar (the first known reference to Arabs as a distinct group) Go to Arabs in Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: War Battles Asia West Asia Lebanon and Syria
c. 850 BCE	Citium, in Cyprus, is the first of many Phoenician colonies in the Mediterranean Go to Phoenicians in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Politics Conquest and colonization The Phoenicians Asia West Asia Lebanon and Syria Europe The Assyrians develop the battering ram into a mobile and powerful siege engine Go to battering ram noun in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Assyria and Babylon Weapons Mesopotamia Asia West Asia Iraq Lebanon and Syria The technique of glazing pottery is discovered in Mesopotamia, though used at this stage only for decorative purposes Go to ceramics in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Arts Decorative arts Technology Inventions and discoveries Mesopotamia Asia West Asia Iraq
c. 814 BCE	The traditional date of the founding of Carthage (supposedly by the mythical queen Dido, but in practice by Phoenicians) Go to Carthage in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Politics Conquest and colonization The Phoenicians Africa North Africa
c. 800 BCE	The Assyrian army makes good use of the new technology by which iron can be hardened into steel suitable for weapons Go to steel in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Assyria and Babylon Weapons Mesopotamia Asia West Asia Iraq Lebanon and Syria The earliest surviving sundial is in use in Egypt Go to sundial in A Dictionary of Astronomy (2 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Technology Inventions and discoveries Africa North Africa Egypt
776 BCE	The traditional date for the first athletic contest at Olympia Go to Olympian Games in The Oxford Classical Dictionary (3 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Sports and games Europe Greece Society
771 BCE	The Zhou rulers, driven east from Xi'an, create a new capital at Loyang and establish the Eastern Zhou dynasty Go to Zhou in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Politics Dynasties and royalty Asia East Asia China
753 BCE	This year is later selected by Roman scholars as the date of the founding of Rome, becoming the first year (AUC 1) in Roman chronology Go to calendar, Roman in The Oxford Classical Dictionary (3 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Science Europe Greece Italy
c. 750 BCE	Ionia emerges as a political entity, forming a league of twelve Greek cities in Asia Minor Go to Ionia in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Politics Asia West Asia Turkey Europe Greece The Etruscans establish Italy's first civilization, in the region between the Arno and the Tiber Go to Etruscans in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Europe Greece Italy The Homeric texts, the Iliad and the Odyssey, are written down - probably in Ionia Go to Homer in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Greek literature Literature Poetry Europe Greece The inhabitants of Sparta organize their society on military lines and consider themselves the descendants of the Dorians Go to Sparta in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Europe Greece
722 BCE	The Assyrians overwhelm the north of Israel and the ten northern tribes vanish from history - the majority of them probably dispersed or sold into slavery Go to Sargon II (705 bc) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Assyria and Babylon Politics Conquest and colonization Judaism Asia West Asia Lebanon and Syria Palestine and Israel
c. 719 BCE	The king of Cush, or Nubia, conquers down the Nile to the sea, establishing the Cushite dynasty Go to Nubians in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Politics Dynasties and royalty Africa North Africa Egypt
710 BCE	The first known lock and key is fitted in the new palace of Sargon II at Khorsabad, in Assyria Go to Sargon II (705 bc) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Assyria and Babylon Inventions and discoveries Mesopotamia Asia West Asia Iraq Lebanon and Syria
c. 704 BCE	Wrestling is included in the Olympic games, followed by a terrifying form of all-in wrestling from 652 BC Go to wrestling in Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Sports and games Europe Greece Society
c. 700 BCE	The Greeks make the Phoenician alphabet much more flexible by the addition of vowels, from alpha to omega Go to alphabet, Greek in Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: The Phoenicians Europe Greece Egyptian scribes develop an abbreviated version of hieroglyphs for everyday use, in the script known as demotic ('for the people') Go to hieroglyphs in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Africa North Africa Egypt Judah and Benjamin, together forming the kingdom of Judah, are the only two surviving tribes of Israel Go to Judah in The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Politics Dynasties and royalty Judaism Asia West Asia Palestine and Israel Sennacherib moves the Assyrian capital to a new site at Nineveh Go to Nineveh in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Assyria and Babylon Politics Dynasties and royalty Mesopotamia Asia West Asia Iraq Lebanon and Syria The island of Sicily is colonized from the eastern Mediterranean by both Phoenicians and Greeks Go to Sicily in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Politics Conquest and colonization The Phoenicians Sicily Europe Greece Italy
689 BCE	The Assyrian king, Sennacherib, destroys with great brutality the city of Babylon Go to Sennacherib (d.681 bc) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Assyria and Babylon Politics Conquest and colonization Mesopotamia Asia West Asia Iraq
688 BCE	Boxing is included in the Olympic games, with each bout going on until one fighter gives up Go to boxing in The Oxford Classical Dictionary (3 rev ed.) See this event in other timelines: Sports and games Europe Greece Society
c. 667 BCE	Byzantium (the future Constantinople) is founded as a colony of Megara, a Greek city-state Go to Byzantium in Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Politics Conquest and colonization Turkey Europe Greece
663 BCE	The Egyptian city of Memphis falls to an Assyrian army, soon to be followed by Thebes Go to Ashurbanipal in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Assyria and Babylon Politics Conquest and colonization Africa North Africa Egypt Lebanon and Syria
c. 650 BCE	The Greek city states make a habit of consulting the oracle at Delphi, hoping mainly for reassurance Go to Delphi in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Religion Europe Greece Ashurbanipal commissions a great library of cuneiform clay tablets at Nineveh Go to Ashurbanipal’s library in The Oxford Companion to the Book (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Assyria and Babylon Mesopotamia Asia West Asia Iraq Lebanon and Syria The capitals of Greek pillars are by now in the two basic patterns of Doric and Ionic Go to architecture, orders of in The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Architecture Europe Greece The earliest known coins are minted in Ephesus, bean-shaped and struck on one side with a distinguishing mark Go to coin in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Commerce and industry Asia West Asia Turkey Society The inhabitants of Messenia revolt against Spartan rule and are reduced, in retaliation, to the status of serfs or helots Go to helot in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Politics Protest and rebellion Europe Greece The Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh is known in its complete form from texts in the library of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh Go to Gilgamesh, The Epic of in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Literature Mesopotamia Asia West Asia Iraq
c. 645 BCE	Ashurbanipal commissions a magnificent relief of a lion hunt for his new palace at Nineveh Go to Nineveh in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Assyria and Babylon Arts Sculpture Mesopotamia Asia West Asia Iraq Lebanon and Syria
c. 630 BCE	The Areopagus, named from the hill on Athens where it meets, is the council through which the nobles keep power in their own hands Go to Areopagus in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Ancient Athens Politics Europe Greece
c. 625 BCE	Hereditary aristocrats hold nearly all political power and own most of the land in Attica Go to Areopagus in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Ancient Athens Europe Greece
612 BCE	The Medes and the Babylonians destroy Nineveh and bring to an end the power of Assyria Go to Nineveh in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Assyria and Babylon Politics Conquest and colonization Mesopotamia Asia West Asia Iraq The Babylonians defeat an Egyptian army at Carchemish, but do not press on into Egypt Go to Nebuchadnezzar in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Assyria and Babylon War Battles Africa North Africa Egypt Asia West Asia Turkey
605 BCE	Nebuchadnezzar comes to the throne of Babylon, beginning a prosperous reign of more than forty years Go to Nebuchadnezzar in A Dictionary of the Bible (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Assyria and Babylon Politics Dynasties and royalty Mesopotamia Asia West Asia Iraq
c. 600 BCE	The choros, originally danced in a circle by temple virgins, is the centrepiece of the developing Greek theatre Go to chōrus (‘dance’) in The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 6th century BCE Performing arts Dance Europe Greece An Olmec sculptor creates the piece known today as the Wrestler Go to Olmec in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 6th century BCE Mesoamerican civilization Arts Sculpture Latin America Central America Mexico Frenzied dances, in honour of the god Dionysus, become part of Greek theatre - deriving probably from the northeast, in Thrace Go to Dionysus in The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 6th century BCE Performing arts Dance Europe Greece Isis, who is able to restore her husband Osiris after he has been chopped into pieces, becomes one of the most popular deities in Egypt Go to Isis in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 6th century BCE Religion Africa North Africa Egypt Phoenicians sail round the Cape of Good Hope and bring back the surprising news that the sun was seen to the north of them Go to Phoenicians in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 6th century BCE Exploration The Phoenicians Africa South Africa South Africa (republic) Asia West Asia Lebanon and Syria Society The swirling decorative lines of Celtic metalwork at Hallstatt begin a tradition which lives on in illuminated manuscripts and stone Celtic crosses Go to Hallstatt in A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 6th century BCE Celts Arts Decorative arts Austria Society The poems of the Shi Jing, China's earliest work of literature, are gathered together Go to Chinese Mythology in A Dictionary of Asian Mythology (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 6th century BCE Literature Poetry Asia East Asia China Hindu hermits live in groups described as ashramas Go to āśrama in A Dictionary of Hinduism (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 6th century BCE Religion Asia South Asia India (the subcontinent) India (republic) The free smallholding peasants of Attica fall increasingly into debt, compelled to pay a sixth of all their produce to a creditor Go to hektēmoroi in Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 6th century BCE Ancient Athens Europe Greece

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date: 17 May 2025

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Timeline: 1000-600 BCE