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Not living, non-biological, usually describing factors in an ecosystem: atmospheric gases, humidity, salinity, soil mineral particles, water, and so on.

Loss of snow and ice from a glacier by *sublimation, melting, and evaporation; and from the *calving

An influential American human geographer who co-authored a pioneering text on the *spatial science approach (Spatial Organization: The Geographer’s View of the World...

The first or earliest known inhabitants of a *place or *region. Aboriginals are often called *indigenous people...

A member of an indigenous people existing in a land before invasion or colonization from outside. For Canadian aboriginal peoples,

Also known as corrasion, this is the grinding away of bedrock by fragments of rock which may be incorporated in

The density of the water vapour present in a mixture of air and water vapour. Cold air cannot contain as

The movement of a crustal plate in relation to a fixed point, such as a hot spot, or latitude and

The selection and conceptualization of a phenomenon, or some aspect of it; a way of viewing a real world object,

The act or process of isolating a phenomenon and removing it from its real context of existence. It has a mental and a material aspect. The former involves carving the world up into categories or units (...

The total number of individuals of a certain species present in an area, generally estimated by sampling methods (such as

Of or belonging to the ocean depths, especially below 2000 m. The abyssopelagic zone is that part of deep lakes,

A description of universities, academics, and academic knowledge that suggests these are increasingly being driven by commercial values and goals. The term was popularized by American education analysts Slaughter and Rhoades. It challenges the long-held belief that higher education is—or should be—a public good, not a commodity for purely private purchase and benefit. In human geography it is especially associated with discussions about the pedagogic and wider role of ...

A factor which increases the momentum of a boom or slump in an economy, so that a small change in

Connection or entry to a service. A. Sen (1999) measures access to advantage by one’s access to basic

The ease of approach to one location from other locations: in terms of the distance travelled, the cost of travel,

The ease with which goods and services in one location can be accessed by people living in another location. Transportation and communications media are key infrastructures in this regard, with availability, distance, time, and cost being principal constraints, along with structural barriers such as age, gender, disability, and class. Access to goods and services is often viewed as a key measure of social equity—that is, the greater access one has, the better off one is....

Complying with; thus, accordant drainage has evolved in conformity with the underlying geological structure: domes show a radial pattern, for

1 The growth of land by the offshore deposition of sediment, forming *spits and *tombolos. Accretion is

The adaptation to, and adoption of, a new culture. This may occur simultaneously as two cultures meet, but occurs more