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(1898–1976), Finnish architect, designer, and artist.

In addition to being one of the greatest architects of the modern movement, Aalto made notable contributions to garden and landscape design. His wife Aino Marsio-Aalto (...

Abbotsbury, Dorset, England, owe their special atmosphere to a remarkable microclimate. The garden is very close to the sea, which in this part of the coast is very deep and has a pronounced warming effect on the atmosphere. The garden, of 8 hectares/20 acres, was made by the Fox-Strangways family (earls of Ilchester), who built a house here in the late 18th century. They later returned to their main residence of Melbury House when the new house was burnt down in ...

(1864–1961), one of Sweden's most prominent ambassadors for the garden's classic values and expressions, being at the same time both modern and progressive....

(1726–1806), Scottish gardener and author born at Prestonpans, East Lothian, who worked at Kew gardens (see Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew...

Llangathen, Carmarthenshire, Wales, has an ancient and mysterious history. In the 15th century it was probably the home of Rhydderch ap Rhys whose fame was sung by the 15th-century bard Lewis Glyn Cothi: ‘He has a proud hall, a fortress made bright by whitewash, and encompassing it all around nine green gardens. Orchard trees and crooked vines, young oaks reaching up to the skies.’ In ...

Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, is a rare Canadian private garden open to the public. Prince Nicholas (1899–1987) and Princess Peggy Abkhazi (...

Buenos Aires province, Argentina, has an area of 12,000 hectares/29,654 acres of which the designed landscape amounts to 700 hectares/1,730 acres. Today it is a tourist ranch with game hunting and extensive plantations of pines, eucalyptus, and oaks (among them the North American ...

Anantnag (Islamabad), Kashmir, lies to the south-east of Srinagar, where the Vale of Kashmir dies out against the mountains. The site is that of an ancient spring, Akshavala, which pours out with great force at the foot of the hills. The quality of the water was remarked upon in contemporary records, and no other Mughal garden retains a water feature of such power and volume. The great waterfall at the top of the garden, once lit from behind by lamps, broadens out below in a succession of pools filled with fountains. An island pavilion, reached by causeways, is set in the first pool; beyond, the water passes under the main pavilion, continues down two side ...

Granada, Andalusia, Spain, a rare art deco house and garden created by the artist José Rodríguez Acosta (d. 1941...

(1728–92), Scottish architect, son of William Adam.

One of the most prolific, successful, and distinguished architects of his day, chiefly practising in England but also designing notable houses in Scotland and a few in Ireland. He designed many garden buildings and also had a hand in landscape design. At Kedleston Hall (Derbyshire), as he wrote to his brother John in ...

(1689–1748), Scottish architect and garden designer born in Kirkcaldy.

His sons John and Robert Adam also became architects and extended the family business, resoundingly, into England. Adam laid out grand patterns of avenues and intricate wildernesses with occasional informal ingredients—he wrote that ‘the risings and fallings of ground are to be humoured and generally make the greatest beautys in Gardens’. It seems likely that he designed, from ...

Östergötland, Sweden, on an isthmus in Lake Bysjön, mentioned from the 16th century, became the country's only baroni (barony) established in ...

Different cultures, and different people, have radically different views of what constitutes beauty in gardens. Much of the theory of garden beauty is taken up with a discussion of the relationship between art and nature. In the 11th-century Japanese book ...

(1670–1742), English politician, landowner, and landscaper born near York who inherited the Studley Royal estate near Ripon, North Yorkshire....

(1700–81), English landowner and landscaper, son of John Aislabie.

He added to the Studley Royal landscape between 1730...

Father and son gardeners, botanists, and plantsmen.

The elder Aiton was born at Hamilton in Scotland and, from 1754, worked at ...

Lisbon, Portugal, was founded in 1768 by the Marquês de Pombal. Its terraced layout, parterres, and fine statuary all belong to the 18th century. The position is high and airy, with fine views over the rooftops to the Tagus. On the upper terrace a very large number of order beds (...

(1542–1605), 3rd Mughal Emperor (1556–1605), became the greatest of the Mughals, extending his empire to cover more than half of India....

(1404–1472), Italian humanist polymath.

His importance for garden design arises not so much from his architecture as from his seminal architectural treatise ...

Seville, Andalusia, Spain. The Real Alcázar has its origins in a stronghold built in the 9th century by Abd al-Rahman II but this in turn may possibly have been built on the foundations of a Roman praetorium. The castellated external walls that guard the estate preserve a military character to this day. The first garden known here was a kitchen garden, but under the Muslims and after the Christian Reconquest in the 13th century a series of gardens, made by Muslims, was laid out, many of which survive to make this one of the most interesting and attractive gardens in Spain. To the historian, and to the visitor, it presents a bewildering sequence of spaces and buildings. The earliest parts of the garden to survive are those to the west, close to the palace buildings, and to the south. The palace has outstanding enclosed patios some of which, such as the Patio de Yeso, with its large pool, date from the 12th century. The Palacio del Rey Don Pedro was built in the 1360s after the Castilian Reconquest of Seville. It is built in a refined intermingling of Islamic and Christian elements (the style known as ...