
Aachen Reference library
The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture
City in Nordrhein-Westfalia, Germany. It was the birthplace and residence of Charlemagne, ruler of the Frankish Kingdom, and remained associated

Aachen Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages
(town, palace) West central German town, known for its hot springs. Aachen’s significance is linked to *Charlemagne, who created

Aachen Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages
Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle) is situated to the north of the Eifel massif. Its hot springs were known to the Romans, who

Aachen Altar, Master of the (fl c. 1485–1515) Reference library
The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture
He is named after the great winged altarpiece with scenes from the Passion (c. 1510; Aachen, Domschatzkam.), painted for

Aaron Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
(᾽Ααρών), brother of Moses and first high priest of the Israelites, plays a significant supporting role in a number of

Aaron ben Elijah of Nicomedia (1328–69) Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages
*Karaite jurist, biblical commentator, and philosopher. His philosophical work Etz Hayyim (‘Tree of Life’) is modelled after *Maimonides’ Guide

Aaronios Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
(᾽Ααρώνιος, ᾽Ααρών), Byz. noble family descended from the last Bulgarian tsar, John Vladislav, whose wife Maria was granted the

Abbas, al- (c.567–c.653) Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages
*Muhammad’s uncle; a merchant who accepted Islam and joined in the conquest of *Mecca (630). The Abbasid

ʿAbbāsid Caliphate Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
(750–1258), ruled by a dynasty whose members were descendants of the uncle of Muḥammad, al-ʿAbbās ibn ʿAbd

Abbasids Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages
The Muslim Arab dynasty of the Abbasids ruled a large part of the Islamic lands in the East from 749

Abbess Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages
A word derived from Late Latin abbatissa, in turn formed by analogy from abbas (abbot father): title of

Abbeville Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages
Lowest point on the Somme, the city was near the English crossing point for the battle of *Crécy (1346

abbey Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages
An abbey was a group of buildings occupied by a regular religious community, and was always directed, unlike a convent

Abbo of Fleury (c.940–1004) Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages
(c.940–1004)
Born in the Orléanais, Abbo was offered very young by his parents to the monastery of

Abbo of Saint-Germain Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages
(9th c.)
A strange war correspondent, Abbo, a monk of the monastery of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, described the siege of

Abbo, St , abbot of Fleury (c.945–1004) Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages
A student of *Pope Silvester II, Abbo was a distinguished scholar, writing on canon *law, *hagiography, *grammar

Abbo of St-Germain-des-Prés (921) Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages
Composed the Bella Parisiacae urbis, an epic describing the *Viking siege of *Paris (885–6), glossing the poem

Abbot Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages
The term abba, used to designate the superior of a religious community, means “father” and already contains in itself

Abbreviations Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
(sometimes called compendia), found in inscriptions, papyri, and MSS, were frequently substituted for words, syllables, or the ending of words

Abbreviator Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages
Attested from the 13th c., the abbreviators (abreviator or breviator) were clerics in charge of drawing up minutes,