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The conventional meaning of abjection signifies “a state of being cast off” or of feeling in a low or debased

Abolitionism is the principle of outlawing the slave trade and the institution of slavery. In the eighteenth century, the intellectual

The art movement known as abstract expressionism was characterized by gestural and/or nonobjective paintings and direct-welded metal sculptures. Also known

This entry comprises two essays: Philosophical Perspective Contemporary Perspective

The first offers a philosophical analysis of the modern history of

In its aesthetic use, the term abstraction refers to a historical style, primarily in the visual arts, in which representational

Acoustics, from the Greek akoustikón (pertaining to hearing), is concerned with the generation, transmission, perception, or effects of sound. Acoustics

ACT‐R (Adaptive Control of Thought, Rational) is an architecture of cognition created by John Anderson in 1991 (Anderson

A number of recent studies have suggested that, in healthy subjects, the predicted sensory consequences of movement are available to

Adinkra are visual forms that first achieved prominence among the Akan linguistic group whose members are now part of Ghana

1st Baron Adrian (1889–1977).

. Adrian was born in London and educated at Westminster School, where he became a King's Scholar at the end of his first term. Like his mentor at Cambridge, ...

The connection between aesthetics and education is often not apparent to educators, and often seems obscure in relation to educational practice, policy, and/or discourse. Most educators have been far more influenced by concepts found within educational psychology rather than by philosophical distinctions, and as a result eschew a rich history of thought that seeks to make sense of lived experience in both the personal and social realms. Unfortunately, educators often understand aesthetics as simply the study of beautiful objects, or the production of beautiful objects, and relegate aesthetics’ relevance to the discipline of art only. Coupled with decades of educational narratives that have elevated the “science of education,” “evidence-based practices,” and “standards-based reforms,” it is no wonder that aesthetics has played a limited role in contemporary educators’ understanding of their discipline, profession, and daily practices inside classrooms. This unfortunate separation between aesthetics and education in the minds of most educators results from a limited, anemic, view of aesthetics. This article will assist educators in developing an understanding of aesthetics and education able to enrich their daily practice and philosophical beliefs regarding learning and schooling, and possibilities not yet realized within education....

The Afikpo are a small subgroup of the Igbo, the largest ethnic group in southeastern Nigeria. The Afikpo account for

This entry contains two subentries: An Overview; and Contemporary African Art.

In academic (Western) scholarship, the systematic study of indigenous African aesthetic criteria really just began during the last decades of

A distortion occurring after prolonged sensory stimulation by alternating patterns. While there are early reports of effects which with hindsight we can see were contingent after-effects, there has been a growth in interest due to a paper published by ...

Exposure to a sensory stimulus can produce illusory perceptual experiences immediately following this exposure period. The period of initial stimulation

Since a person can deal efficiently with his social and physical environment only if his sensory and perceptual processes are not unduly impaired or distorted, changes which might be attributable to the inevitable process of ageing assume considerable importance. In briefly reviewing this topic, two generalizations need to be kept in mind. First, it is not always clear that a given impairment is a natural result of advancing age rather than the result of disease, trauma, or disuse. Secondly, individual differences in general become more pronounced with age, so that some elderly people may exceed the norms in a particular function....

Behaviour directed towards causing physical injury to another person must clearly be labelled as aggressive, but beyond that hard core the boundaries of aggressive behaviour or aggression are shady. Behaviour causing psychological harm to another is usually included, but the question of intent is crucial: accidental injury is not usually considered aggressive. However even here there is room for latitude: driving a car which causes injury to others may be described as aggressive driving. But aggressive behaviour should not be used as a synonym for assertive behaviour, as in the popular misnomer ‘assertive salesman’. Although assertiveness may have causal factors in common with aggressiveness, it is best not to confuse the two. The term ‘aggressiveness’ is usually used to refer to a propensity to behave aggressively. Not all aggressive behaviour depends on aggressiveness (see discussion of violence in war, below)....

Alberti wrote on a wide variety of subjects and in different genres including dialogues, plays, tales, and treatises. He took

A paradox in decision theory. Suppose you are offered a choice between two gambles:

Gamble 1: $500,000 with probability of 1...