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Achaea is a region occupying the northern Peloponnesus, from the Larisos River in the west to the Sythas River in

(fl c. 525–c. 500bc).

Greek vase painter. His name vase was a Black-figure neck amphora

The legendary hero Achilles was the most outstanding Greek warrior at Troy and the central figure of the Iliad.

son of Peleus and Thetis; greatest of the Greek heroes in the Trojan War; central character of *Homer’s ...

(fl c. 470–c. 425bc).

Greek vase painter. He is named after an Attic Red-figure amphora

[It.: ‘red water’].

Modern name of an Etruscan settlement near Viterbo, Italy. It is situated on a small

Rising above the typical city-state (or polis) of ancient Greece was a high but accessible hill that functioned at various

(?525/4–456/5bce),

Athenian tragic dramatist. Aeschylus was born at Eleusis, a town ten miles (fifteen

(fl c. 540–520bc).

Greek vase painter. This Attic Black-figure artist’s name derives from the distinctive mannered

The term “Africa” was frequently used by Roman writers to refer to the whole of what is now the Maghreb

Greek term for an area where people gather together, most particularly for the political functions of the *polis, normally sited centrally in cities (as at Priene), or at least central to the street lines where the actual centre may be occupied by other features (such as the Acropolis at Athens); the area was sacred, and could be treated like a ...

The *technology of Greek *agriculture was simple, and apparently underwent little development. Breaking up the ground, which was fundamental to sowing, weed-control, and preservation of moisture, was achieved by simple symmetrical ploughs, which did not turn the soil, or by mattock and hoe. Ploughs and mattocks occasionally appear on vases and the (all wood) plough is described at length in Hesiod (...

Roman agricultural implements comprised slaves (see slavery), animals, and tools (Varro, Rust. 1. 17. 1). Only the third category is reviewed here. The essential similarity between the inventories in ...

Greece lies within the Mediterranean climate zone, where the main growing season for field crops occurs during the mild, rainy

As in all periods of antiquity, agriculture was the foundation of Roman society. The vast majority of the people worked

Site of a Hellenistic town of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom, located at the confluence of the Kokcha and Pyandzh rivers (tributaries

Site of the first capital of the Macedonian dynasty, c. 64 km south-west of Thessaloniki, Greece, now the

Greek island in the Saronic Gulf of the Aegean Sea, mid-way between Athens to the north and Argos to the

(see Map 2a, Cb), Greek Hellenistic city excavated (1965–78) by the French archaeological delegation in Afghanistan, is situated in the eastern part of ...

[Lat. Aizani].

Site of Hellenistic and Roman city, 54 km south-west of Kütahya in Turkey. Its remains comprise a

[Lat. Agrigentum; now Agrigento].

Greek colony on the southern coast of Sicily. Believed to have been founded c.580