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Abbé Jean-Louis de Cordemoy
(c. 1660–1713).French priest and architectural theorist (not to be confused with L. -G. de Cordemoy (1651–1722) ). His Nouveau Traité de Toute l'Architecture (New Treatise on the Whole of ...

Abbé Marc-Antoine Laugier
(1713–69).French Jesuit, he became one of the earliest and most important theorists of Neo-Classicism. His Essai sur l'Architecture (1753) was profoundly influential, setting out a rational ...

accolade
Two ogee curves meeting above or within an arch, and rising to a finial, usually associated with late-Gothic work, e.g. over a doorway or in a screen.

Adam Kraft
(active 1490–c. 1509).German sculptor. Kraft was the leading late Gothic stone sculptor of Nuremberg. His origins are undocumented, though he may have been trained in Strasbourg. His mature career ...

Adriaen Ysenbrandt
(d Bruges, c.1551).Netherlandish painter. He became a master in the Bruges painters' guild in 1510 and is said by an early source to have been a pupil of Gerard David. Otherwise, virtually nothing is ...

Alexander Jackson Davis
(1803–92).American architect, one of the most imaginative of his generation. His first important design was Highwood, a house at New Haven, CT. (1829–31), which brought him recognition, and, as a ...

Alexander Marshall Mackenzie
(1848–1933).Scots architect. He practised with James Matthews (1820–98) in Aberdeen from 1877, designing Greyfriars Church (1906) and the Marischal College (1904–6) in that city, the latter an ...

Alexander the Mason III
(fl. c.1235–57).English? master-mason in charge of the works at Lincoln Cathedral c.1240. He was probably responsible for the building of the nave, chapter-house, and the Galilee, together with the ...

Alexander Thomson
(1817–75) Scottish architect.The brightest of Scotland’s Victorian constellation of classical designers, Thomson was Scotland’s equivalent to the impassioned and individualistic English Gothic ...

Alexis de Châteauneuf
(1799–1853).Hamburg-born architect of noble French parentage, he trained under Weinbrenner, Wimmel, and others. Settling in his native city, he designed buildings in which North-German traditions of ...

Altichiero
(active 1370s and 1380s).Italian painter. He was the outstanding north Italian painter of the 14th century, but little is known of his life. He probably came from Zevio near Verona and is sometimes ...

Ambrogio de Predis
(b Milan, c.1455; d after 1508).Milanese painter. He was court painter to Ludovico Sforza and worked mainly as a portraitist, but he is chiefly remembered for his association with Leonardo da Vinci, ...

Anatole de Baudot
(1834–1915) French architect.After an early career working on numerous church restoration projects as a disciple of Viollet-le-Duc, and building one new church, St-Lubin, Rambouillet (1869), Baudot ...

André Félibien
(b Chartres, May 1619; d Paris, 11 May 1695).French administrator and writer on art. He is remembered chiefly for his Entretiens sur les vies et sur les ouvrages des ...

Andrea Orcagna
(b Florence, ?c.1320; d Florence, ?1368).The leading Florentine artist of the third quarter of the 14th century, a painter, sculptor, architect, and administrator. His nickname ‘Orcagna’ was ...

Ann Radcliffe
(1764–1823)*Gothic novelist. She was daughter of a London tradesman, William Ward; she married in 1786 William Radcliffe, manager of the English Chronicle. In the next twelve years she published ...

Antoni Gaudí
(1852–1926)Antoni Gaudí attracted considerable attention for his highly original and distinctive contributions to architecture in design in late 19th‐ and early 20th‐century Spain. For the most part ...

Antonio di Vicenzo
(c. 1350–1401/2).Italian architect. He designed the gigantic brick Gothic church of San Petronio, Bologna (from 1390), and around the same time produced drawings for Milan Cathedral showing a main ...

Antwerp Mannerism
A term coined by the art historian Max Friedländer in 1915 to describe the style of painting practised by artists in Antwerp from c.1500 to 1530. It was essentially a late Gothic style and depicted ...