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arms and armour
Personal weapons and protective clothing used in combat or for ceremonial purposes, regarded as objects of beauty as well as of practical use. In Europe armourers have invariably been workers in ...
Augustan cohort
A cohort consisted of 600 soldiers, and to bear the name of an emperor was an honour.
auxilia
[Ge]Latin name for the units comprising auxiliaries or non‐citizens in the Roman army, usually 500 or 100 strong.
battalion
Used in RSV for the whole ‘company’ (REB) or ‘*cohort’ (NRSV), several hundred strong, which Pilate brought up with him to Jerusalem from his residence in Caesarea (Matt. 27: 27).
centurion
The commander of a century (a company, originally of a hundred men) in the ancient Roman army.
cohors Reference library
Henry Michael Denne Parker, George Ronald Watson, and Jonathan C. N. Coulston
The Oxford Classical Dictionary (4 ed.)
In the early Roman republic the infantry provided by the allies were organized in separate cohortes of varying strength, each under a Roman or native ...
cohort Quick reference
A Dictionary of the Bible (2 ed.)
A Roman military unit of 600 soldiers, a tenth of a legion, commanded by tribunes. Paul was in the charge
legion
A division of 3,000–6,000 men, including a complement of cavalry, in the ancient Roman army.Legion is also used to mean great in number, many, as in their name is legion. This usage dates from the ...
limitanei
[De]A Latin term used to describe the troops stationed on the frontiers of the Roman Empire in the 4th century ad, as opposed to the higher status comitatenses of the mobile field army.
manipulus
A tactical unit of a legion; its adoption in the 4th century bc was associated with the introduction of the throwing spear (pīlum) which required a more open and manœuvrable formation. Legionaries ...
numeri
In a military context was simply a term for bodies of soldiers; consequently numerus was often applied to a formation lacking a formal title, like frumentarii (grain-collecting agents) or equites ...
Propertius
Roman elegiac poet, between 54 and 47 bc, at Asisium, where his family were local notables. His father died early, and the family property was diminished by Octavian's confiscations of 41–40 bc (see ...
Raetia
A Roman Alpine province (see Alps), including Tyrol and parts of Bavaria and Switzerland. Though small, Raetia was important because it blocked potential invasion-routes into Italy.Immediately after ...
tribūnī mīlitum
The six most senior officers within a legion, of whom at least five years' military experience was expected. They were equestrians, though some were the sons of senators, and occasionally senior men ...
Vindolanda tablets
During the 1970s and 1980s several hundred wooden writing‐tablets were discovered at the Roman fort of Vindolanda behind Hadrian's Wall (see wall of hadrian); a further 400 turned up in 1993. Of the ...
war, art of, Roman
The earliest Roman battle‐order was probably the spear‐armed hoplite phalanx, a single, close‐order infantry formation. In the 4th cent. bc this was replaced by the more flexible manipular ...