battle of Cynoscephalae
Cynoscephalae, fought in Thessaly in spring 197 bce, marked the decisive and final battle of the Second Macedonian War. It forced the defeated Macedonian king Philip V to enter peace ...
Gallic Wars
Julius Caesar's campaigns 58–51 bc, which established Roman control over Gaul north of the Alps and west of the River Rhine (Transalpine Gaul). During this period Caesar twice invaded Britain (55 and ...
Military Discipline
Roman military discipline was the organizing concept for the ideology of military service for the Romans throughout the Republic and Empire, and it was also the system of traditions and ...
Roman Military Structure and Organization
From the sixth century bce onward the Roman army was based on the legion or legio (deriving from the verb lego, legere, meaning to “gather” or “collect”). The Roman legio ...
Roman Weapons and Equipment
The earliest clear account that we have of Roman weapons and military equipment is that of Polybius (6.22–23), from the mid-second century bce. Some equipment that he describes may have ...
