anniversaries
It was early in the 3rd c. that the Christians seem to have got into the habit of commemorating the dead on the anniversary of their decease, at first designated ...
architectural styles and features
With the reign of King David I (1124–53), Scotland became a part of the western European polity of feudalism. Its most visible symbol was the castle, which was introduced by ...
Bellew
A leading Old English family. John Bellew (d. 1693) was restored to the family lands in Cos. Louth and Meath at the Restoration and created Baron Bellew of Duleek in ...
books of Survey and Distribution
Manuscript volumes summarizing the Cromwellian land settlement and its modification at the Restoration. Laid out by county, barony, parish, and townland, they show the ownership of land in 1641, as ...
borough
The word ‘borough’ (‘burgh’ in Scotland) has caused endless confusion. The Old English (Anglo‐Saxon) terms burg, burh, and byrig were used originally for fortified places. By 1086, however, Domesday ...
Boyle
One of the most important political dynasties of the 17th and 18th centuries. The founder of the family's fortune was Richard Boyle, 1st earl of Cork, whose material success and ...
Brodrick Midleton
Co. Cork landed family, established in Ireland from the 17th century and politically active into the 20th. Its Irish presence was established by two brothers. Sir Alan Brodrick, a royalist ...
Catholicism
The word derives from the universality of faith in the Christian church, but since the 16th cent. has referred to the portion of Christianity accepting papal authority. It delineates the distinctive ...
Cavaliers
Nickname for the royalists who fought for Charles I during the civil wars. Like ‘roundhead’, ‘cavalier’ originated as a term of abuse. Stemming from the Spanish word caballero, it was meant to ...
Charles II
(1630–85),king of England, Ireland, and Scotland (acceded 1649, restored 1660–85). Charles received his practical education in 1648–51 when he learnt how to adapt to rapidly changing circumstances, ...
Civil Survey
Together with the earlier Gross Survey and the later Down Survey, the Civil Survey (1654–6) was one of the inquiries into Irish land and land ownership that were intended as ...
Clancarty
Earldom held by the MacCarthys of Muskerry. Donough MacCarthy (1594–1665), Viscount Muskerry, combined Gaelic descent with Old English politics, supporting Ormond (his brother‐in‐law) in the ...
Commonwealth
The Commonwealth took its origins from a vote by the Rump Parliament on 4 January 1649, ‘That the people are, under God, the original of all just power’, and that they, the Commons, possessed supreme ...
concealed lands
Were lands illegally detained from the crown after leases lapsed, rebels were forfeited, and monasteries dissolved. English‐run attempts to resume these lands in Ireland were exploited by ...
convention
(1660),an assembly summoned following the coup (13 Dec. 1659) that preceded the Restoration of Charles II. It met between 2 March and 27 May 1660, reassembling briefly in January ...
Cork Association of Ministers
A grouping of ex‐Church of Ireland clergy, founded in 1657 by Edward Worth, closely connected with the local Protestant gentry (particularly the Boyles) and organized on Presbyterian lines to promote ...
Council in the Marches of Wales
Edward IV had large estates as earl of March in the Welsh borders and in the 1470s established a council at Shrewsbury. Henry VII, Welsh by birth, followed the example. After a period in abeyance, ...
Coventry Letter
(26 Oct. 1686).Ostensibly a private letter sent to Tyrconnell by the Catholic attorney‐general Sir Richard Nagle, in Coventry on his way to Ireland, this was in fact a public ...
defective titles
A Commission for Defective Titles was first issued by James I in 1606 to enable his subjects ‘to quietly and privately enjoy their private estates and possessions’. The main object ...
Dillon
The family supposedly originated with Sir Henry de Leon's coming to Ireland as Prince John's secretary in 1185. He was granted lands in Longford, Westmeath, and Kilkenny. This marcher ...
