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Castelnau, Michel de, Sieur de la Mauvissière
(1520–91),French soldier and diplomat. He was born into a noble family in Touraine and as a young man fought in the Wars of Italy. He became a diplomat, in ...
Château de Chenonceaux
The chateau was built by Thomas Bohier between 1513 and 1521. The site is the river Cher, which the chateau spans. After the death of Bohier and his widow the ...
David Beaton
(1494?–1546), archbishop of Saint Andrews (1539–1546), abbot of Arbroath (1524), bishop of Mirepoix (1537), cardinal (1538), and papal legate a Latere (1544) who led the Scottish ecclesiastical ...
Earl of Murray, James Stewart
(c.1531–1570),Regent of Scotland. An illegitimate son of James V, James Stewart was half-brother to Mary, Queen of Scots, whose marriage to the future Francis II he helped to negotiate ...
Egmont
(1522–68)Flemish statesman and soldier. He was made statholder (governor) of Flanders and Artois in 1559. Although he was a member of Philip II of Spain's regency council, he opposed his sovereign's ...
Francis II
(1544–60),King of France, the eldest son of King Henri II and Catherine de Médicis. In 1558, at the age of 14, he married the 16-year-old Mary, Queen of scots. ...
Jan Łaski
(Eng., John of Lasco, John the Younger; Fr., Johannes à Lasko; 1499–1560), Polish Calvinist reformer.Łaski was the son of Yaroslav, a fairly well-to-do nobleman of central Poland, who became ...
Mary, Queen of Scots Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance
(1542–87),
Queen of Scotland and France. Daughter of James V and Mary of Lorraine, she came to the throne at one week old. An early betrothal to the future ...
northern rebellion
The last baronial rising in England sought to release Mary, Queen of Scots, from captivity and restore the Catholic faith. A proposed marriage between Mary and the Catholic duke of ...
Saint-Germain-en-Laye
A royal estate overlooking the Seine at Yvelines, 18 kilometres (11 miles) west of Paris. From 1282 until 1682, when Louis XIV moved the court to Versailles, Saint-Germain-en-Laye was the ...
second duke of Guise, François de Lorraine
(1519–63),French soldier and leader of the Catholic side in the Wars of Religion, the son of Claude de Lorraine (the first duke) and the elder brother of Charles de ...
treaty of Blois
In the sixteenth century three important treaties were signed in Blois, the city on the Loire which had passed to the French crown in 1498 on the accession of King ...
treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis
(2–3 April 1559), the set of treaties between England, France, and Spain that concluded the Wars of Italy, which had begun in 1494. Under the terms of the treaties England ...
umbrellas
The purpose of the modern umbrella is to protect its holder from rain, but, as the etymology of the word (Latin umbra, i.e. shade) indicates, it was originally intended to ...
Wars of Religion
(1562–98),A series of eight civil wars in which France was divided on confessional lines and noble houses fought for control of the crown. The Protestants (Huguenots) found allies in ...
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