Overview
Henry V
(1387—1422) king of England and lord of Ireland, and duke of Aquitaine
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Army, British
The British army is still composed of fiercely individualistic regiments and corps. This is a reflection of the tenacity with which it has clung to its roots in the 17th ...
baggage
Generic term covering the portable equipment of an army. In the ancient world the logistic needs of armies were relatively straightforward compared to the complex array matériel needed today. Despite ...
ballistics, cannon, and gunnery
By the beginning of the 14th century Europeans had developed tube-shaped weapons, made in bronze or wrought iron, which used gunpowder to discharge missiles from them, bolts (initially) and then ...
Battle of Agincourt
A battle in northern France in 1415 during the Hundred Years War, in which the English under Henry V defeated a large French army. The victory, achieved largely by use of the longbow, allowed Henry ...
battle of Shrewsbury
1403.Henry IV learned of the rebellion of Hotspur (Henry Percy), in league with Owain Glyndŵr, Thomas Percy, earl of Worcester, Archibald, earl of Douglas, and Edmund Mortimer, when he was at Burton. ...
chaplain
ˈchæplǝnn. a member of the clergy attached to a private chapel, institution, ship, branch of the armed forces, etc.chaplaincy ˈchæplǝnsē n.ˈchæplǝnn. a member of the clergy ...
Charles VI
(1380–1422) Afflicted with paranoid schizophrenia since age 23, Charles illustrated the dangers inherent in the French concept of kingship: he ruled with full power and was kept from governing only ...
chevauchée
[French, ‘to ride’] A practice common during the Hundred Years War, the chevauchée was an armed raid into enemy territory. With the aim of destruction, pillage, and demoralization, chevauchées were ...
Ekkehard of Aura
(died after 1125)Ekkehard, abbot of Aura, was, as a historian, loyal to the ideas of reformed monasticism with which he was in contact at Tegernsee (1102–1103?), then at St ...
feudal service
When land was held by feudal tenure, military service was due from a tenant to his lord. This normally consisted of the provision of a knight for 40 days from ...
Henry IV
(1366–1413),king of England (1399–1413). The eldest son and heir of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, he was born at Bolingbroke (Lincs.) in the same year as his cousin Richard II, whom he deposed in ...
Henry IV
(1050–1106), German King and Emperor. He succeeded to the throne in 1056. His reign was troubled by rebellious Saxon princes and by the reforms of Gregory VII (q.v.). Having conquered the Saxons in ...
Henry VI
(1421–71),king of England (1422–61 and 1470–1). Henry VI was the youngest king of England ever to ascend the throne; the only one ever to be crowned king of France; and arguably the worst, who ...
House of Lancaster
The English royal house descended from John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, that ruled England from 1399 (Henry IV) until 1461 (the deposition of Henry VI) and again on Henry's brief restoration in ...
House of Tudor
This is something of a misnomer. The important descent for Henry VII, who founded the dynasty when he defeated Richard III at Bosworth, was the direct line from Edward III through John of Gaunt and ...
Hundred Years War
This potentially misleading term denotes the series of conflicts between England and France between 1337 and 1453. Edward III's claim to the French throne, via his mother Isabella of France ...
John Talbot
(c.1387–1453),earl of Shrewsbury (from 1442) and Waterford (from 1446), chief governor 1414–16, 1416–18, 1418–19, 1425, 1446–7. Brother of Archbishop Richard Talbot and protagonist in the ...
Magna Carta
The Great Charter of Runnymede, acceded to by King John in 1215 after armed rebellion by his barons. It guaranteed the freedom of the church, restricted taxes and fines, and promised justice to all. ...
Middle English
The term used by historians of the English language to denote a stage of its development intermediate between Old English (or ‘Anglo‐Saxon’) and modern English. In this historical scheme, Middle ...
Normandy
The name “Normandy” has been given since the 10th c. to the region conceded by King Charles the Simple in 911, by the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, to the Vikings settled ...
