allographic
Term introduced by Goodman to describe works of art such as pieces of music or literary texts where there can be multiple copies, each of which is equally an instance of the work. The contrast is ...
artificial language
A language deliberately invented or constructed, especially as a means of communication in computing or information technology. See also language (1). Compare natural language.
Bruce Kuklick
(1941–)Bruce Kuklick was born on 13 March 1941 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He attended the University of Pennsylvania from 1959 to 1963, where he graduated with a BA and honors ...
Definition of Art
It is not atypical for the question “What is art?” to arise when an object or event purporting to be art seems significantly unlike paradigmatic instances of art. In such ...
entrenchment
A predicate is entrenched if it is true as a matter of historical fact that it has been used to formulate true predictions. Goodman argued that this is the only property separating well-behaved, ...
Erwin Panofsky
(b Hanover, 30 Mar. 1892; d Princeton, 14 Mar. 1968).German-American art historian, a professor at Hamburg University 1926–33, until dismissed by the Nazis. In 1934 he settled in the USA, where he ...
Goodman's paradox
A paradox of induction (1). Suppose that someone notes that all emeralds that have ever been observed are green, and argues inductively to conclude that all emeralds are green. Now suppose we define ...
Gustav Bergmann
(1906–87)Austrian philosopher and junior member of the Vienna circle, who taught at Iowa for many years. Bergmann tried to develop a systematic ontology, opposed to materialism, and based on the ...
Henry Siggins Leonard
(1905–67)Henry Leonard was born on 19 December 1905 in Newton, Massachusetts. He received his BA from Harvard in 1927, his MA in 1929, and his PhD in philosophy in ...
Herbert Irving Hochberg
(1929–)Herbert Hochberg was born on 13 July 1929 in Detroit, Michigan, the son of George and Lillian Hochberg. The family moved to New York City, where his father became ...
Hilary Putnam
(1926– )American philosopher. Born in Chicago, Putnam was educated at the university of Pennsylvania and university of California, Los Angeles. He taught at Northwestern, Princeton, and M. I. T. ...
Ian Hacking
(1936– )Canadian philosopher, educated at British Columbia and Trinity College, Cambridge, and now centred in Toronto and Paris where he holds a Chair at the Collège de France. Hacking has written ...
iconicity
Conceived in strictly Peircean terms, iconicity is one of the three relationships in which a representamen (expression) may stand to its object (content or referent) and that may be taken ...
Israel Scheffler
(1923–)Israel Scheffler was born on 25 November 1923 in Brooklyn, New York. Scheffler received a BA from Brooklyn College in 1945 and an MHL from the Jewish Theological Seminary ...
Languages of Art
(1968).A work by Nelson Goodman that has had a growing influence on semiotic thinking, Languages of Art: An Approach to a Theory of Symbols incited controversy with its refutation ...
Max Black
(1909–88).Influential for contributions to philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics and science, philosophy of art, conceptual analysis, and interpretative studies of figures such as ...
Morton Gabriel White
(1917–)Morton G. White was born on 29 April 1917 in New York City, where his parents, Robert and Esther Weisberger, had also been born. He attended elementary and high ...
Murray Griffin Murphey
(1928–)Murray Murphey was born on 22 February 1928 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He received the BA from Harvard University in 1949. His interests were in both American civilization and ...
Paul DeVelin Wienpahl
(1916–80)Paul D. Wienpahl was born on 6 March 1916 in Rock Springs, Wyoming. He received his BA magna cum laude from the University of California at Los Angeles, and ...
Paul Goodman
(1911–72),New York psychoanalyst and author, whose writings include Growing Up Absurd (1960), an intense personal and sociological attack on the “eclectic, sensational,… phony” U.S. culture and its ...
