Benvenuto Cellini
(1500–71),Italian goldsmith and sculptor, the most renowned goldsmith of his day. His work is characterized by its elaborate virtuosity. His autobiography is famous for its racy style and its vivid ...
Cerceau, Du, Family
Group of French architects and decorators founded by Jacques Androuet Du Cerceau the Elder (1510/12–c.1585), whose Les Trois Livres d'Architecture (The Three Books of Architecture—1559–72) was very ...
château
A castle or country house in France, particularly associated with the reign of Francis I and the region of the Loire.
Du Cerceau
A family of French architects and engineers. Jacques Androuet the Elder (c.1515–1585) was an architect, decorator, engraver, and publisher. During his life he was famous as an engraver with a ...
Flemish Mannerism
North-European mutation and mélange of Flamboyant Gothic, High Renaissance Italian Mannerist, and French Renaissance Fontainebleau styles. It exploited cartouches, caryatides, grotesque ornament, ...
Fontainebleau School
The art produced for Francis I's palace of Fontainebleau from the 1530s to the first decade of the 17th century. In painting it was characterized by elegant, elongated figures, often in mythological ...
Francesco Primaticcio
(1504–70).Italian painter, draughtsman, stuccoist, and architect, who with Rosso Fiorentino and Cellini carried the Italian Mannerist style to France, where he was one of the leading artists of the ...
Gilles Le Breton
(d. 1553).Master-mason in charge of François Ier's works at Fontainebleau. Surviving designs at Fontainebleau include the Porte Dorée, with superimposed loggie (1528–40), the entrance to the Cour ...
grotesque
A term originally used in the visual arts to describe a type of fanciful wall decoration (painted, carved, or moulded in stucco) characterized by the use of interlinked floral motifs, animal and ...
Hans Eworth
(b ?c.1520; d ?London, ?1574).Netherlandish painter, active mainly in England. He is first documented in Antwerp in 1540 and had settled in England by 1549. About 30 of his paintings survive, almost ...
Hans Vredeman de Vries
(b Leeuwarden, c.1527; d ?Antwerp, c.1606).Netherlandish painter, architect, engineer, and designer, active in Germany and Prague, as well as in Amsterdam, Antwerp, and The Hague. He was famous in ...
Hector-Martin Lefuel
(1810–80) French architect.He was employed mainly on the completion of the wings which join the Louvre to the Tuileries (in succession to L.-T.-J. Visconti from 1853). Baroque in scale ...
Hugues Sambin
(b Gray, nr. Dijon, c.1520; d Dijon, 1601/2).French architect, woodcarver, and designer, active mainly in Dijon. He was one of the leading French provincial artists of his time, working ...
Mannerism
Term used in the study of the visual arts (and by transference in the study of literature and music) with a confusing variety of critical and historical meanings. Even more than with most stylistic ...
Parmigianino
(b Parma, 11 Jan. 1503; d Casalmaggiore, nr. Parma, 24 Aug. 1540).Italian Mannerist painter, draughtsman, and printmaker; his nickname (the Little Parmesan) comes from his native city, which was also ...
Rosso Fiorentino
(b Florence, 8 Mar. 1494; d Fontainebleau or Paris, 14 Nov. 1540).Florentine painter and decorative artist; the name by which he is known means ‘the red-headed Florentine’. Vasari says that he ‘would ...
Salomon de Brosse
(c. 1571–1626).French architect, an important figure in the transition from Mannerism to Classicism. Born in Verneuil-sur-Oise, he was the son and grandson of architects (his grandfather was J. A. du ...
Sebastiano Serlio
(1475–1554).Italian architect, theorist, and painter. He is remembered primarily as the compiler of L'Architettura (published in instalments (1537–75) and collected in one volume in 1584). The first ...
strapwork
Decoration resembling fretwork or cut leather, but made of wood, plaster, or carved masonry. It originated in the Netherlands c.1540 and was much used in Elizabethan and Jacobean England for ...
tapestry
A fabric woven by hand on a loom, usually of silk or wool, with a non-repetitive pattern which is created during the manufacture. In Europe, the design was copied from a full-scale coloured pattern, ...
