Académie Française
A French literary academy with a constant membership of forty, responsible for the standard form of the French language and for compiling and revising a definitive dictionary of the French language. ...
Antoine Furetière
(1619–88).Satirist and lexicographer. A member of the Parisian legal bourgeoise, he lived all his life in the capital, acquiring a sinecure as an abbot in 1662. In 1648 he ...
Bernardo Bellini
(1792–1876).Poet and lexicographer, who studied at Pavia and then taught literature in various cities, also founding a printing-firm in Cremona in 1820. He wrote narrative poems and tragedies. He ...
Dialect
The dialects of Italy are not dialects of Italian: they are neither aspects of Italian, nor are they derived from it, because they existed before the Italian language came into ...
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The Oxford Companion to Italian Literature
involving the vernacular were chiefly Latin-Italian until, in the 16th c., the flourishing of vernacular literature and printing encouraged the
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The New Oxford Companion to Literature in French
[See also Encylopedias].
1. Medieval and Renaissance
The origins of French lexicography lie in bilingual French–Latin glossaries of the
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The Concise Oxford Companion to Irish Literature
of Irish developed from early glossaries such as Sanas Chormaic, c.
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Winifred Bauer
The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Literature
of English all contain at least a few New Zealand words, though the information provided rarely gives a complete picture of their usage in New Zealand. Thus the first edition of the ...
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The Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature
Texts no doubt were glossed as soon as English began to be written with the Roman alphabet, which means perhaps
Émile Littré
(1801–81)French scholar, philosopher, and lexicographer, who began work on his great dictionary of the French language in 1846. It was published in four volumes (1863–72), with a supplementary volume ...
encyclopedias
It was the Enlightenment which developed the modern encyclopedia. The first original Italian encyclopedia of note is the Nuovo dizionario scientifico e curioso sacro-profano of Gianfranco Pivati ...
Francesco Redi
(1626–1697) Italian biologist, physician, and poetRedi, who was born at Arezzo in Italy, studied medicine and philosophy at the University of Pisa, graduating in 1647. He was employed as personal ...
François-Séraphin Régnier-Desmarais
(1632–1713).French poet and grammarian, active in the preparation of the first dictionary of the Académie Française, and author of a Traité de la grammaire française (1705).
French
Among the many territories conquered by speakers of Latin during the creation of the Roman Empire was a large area occupied predominantly by Celts, and known then as Gallia (later ...
Grammar
The first vernacular grammar was written exceptionally early (1437–41) by Alberti. He wished to show that contemporary cultured Florentine could be analysed in the same way as Latin, but his ...
Harry Orsman
(1928–2002),was the pre-eminent lexicographer of New Zealand English. Prodigious reading in local literature and a lifetime collection of usages made him for many years contributor to major ...
Johnson's Dictionary
By Samuel Johnson, published 1755. In 1746 Johnson contracted with Robert Dodsley and other booksellers to write an English dictionary, for a fee of £1,575. A ‘Plan’ and dedication to ...
Karakia
Were used by Māori to increase achievement and performance in all parts of life: children used them with their toys, adults with their various activities or to cure illnesses, and ...
New Zealand English
(NZE)in the broad sense is the entire range of English used by New Zealanders, including the very large body of written expression belonging to all geographical varieties of the ...
Niccolò Tommaseo
(1802–74).Complex and versatile writer, whose life and work display a mixture of Romantic creativity and exact scholarship, strong religious belief, and patriotic commitment, all of which he ...
