Overview
Henry Cromwell
(1628—1674) soldier, politician, and lord lieutenant of Ireland
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battle of Worcester
1651.In July 1650 Charles II landed in Scotland and was crowned at Scone on 1 January 1651. But finding his army outflanked by Cromwell, he moved south in August, making for the old royalist ...
cock-fighting
A ferocious blood‐sport, probably introduced by the Romans, in which intensively trained gamecocks with metal or bone spurs were set to fight, usually to the death, on a stage in a circular pit. ...
Confederate War
(1641–53),also known as the Irish Civil War, the War of the Confederation, and the Eleven Years War. Developing out of the rising of 1641, it was part of the ...
Cork Association of Ministers
A grouping of ex‐Church of Ireland clergy, founded in 1657 by Edward Worth, closely connected with the local Protestant gentry (particularly the Boyles) and organized on Presbyterian lines to promote ...
Cromwellian land settlement
The greatest early modern transformation in Irish landownership, creating an estate system which lasted with minor adjustments until the late 19th century. Indeed it is no accident that J. P. ...
Drogheda
A port in the NE Republic of Ireland, where in 1649 the inhabitants were massacred after refusing to surrender to Oliver Cromwell's forces.
Francis Annesley Mountnorris, Lord
(1585–1660),best known for his struggle with Wentworth. Arriving in Ireland in 1606, he accumulated lands and offices, becoming secretary of state in 1618. He opposed Lord Deputy Falkland (1622–9) ...
George Goring
(1608–57).Royalist commander in the Civil War. Despite being universally disliked, George, Lord Goring, rose high in the king's service. He was first under Newcastle in Yorkshire and gained a notable ...
Independents
The 17th‐century Nonconformists who rejected national organization in favour of loose affiliations of independent congregations. From the 18th century they were generally known by their alternative ...
Irish Society
This was responsible with its shareholders, the London companies, for the development of Co. Londonderry as part of the Ulster plantation. James I and his ministers cajoled the City of ...
Jamaica
A Caribbean island country lying south of Cuba.Physical.Jamaica is about 235 km (146 miles) from west to east and 80 km (50 miles) from north to south at its widest point, the third largest island in ...
Navigation Acts
Were intended to protect English (later British) commerce from foreign competition. This assumed that the volume of world trade was finite and that any gain by one country could only be at the ...
2nd earl of Manchester, Edward Montagu
(1602–71).Parliamentary commander during the Civil War. Manchester was sympathetic towards presbyterianism and a leading opponent of the king before the outbreak of war. He fought in the opening ...
Oliver Cromwell
(1599–1658).General and lord protector. It is still difficult to appreciate the unique character of Cromwell's career. In a country governed by custom, precedent, and the common law, Cromwell ...
plantation
Colonization or the settlement of English and then Scottish families in Ireland in the 16th–17th centuries under government sponsorship. A settler in one of these colonies was known as a Planter.
Plunkett
Family, originally Anglo‐Norman invaders who settled at Beaulieu, Co. Louth, and later established branches at Killeen and Dunsany, Co. Meath. The senior branch, ennobled in 1541, were in the front ...
Ponsonby
One of the major political connections of the 18th century. The Irish family was founded by Col. Sir John Ponsonby (1608–78), from Cumberland, who served under Cromwell and received land ...
provincial presidencies
Were regional administrations intended to establish English law and order in the outlying parts of Ireland. First proposed by Cusack as councils run by local lords, they were established in ...
Sir Henry the elder Vane
(1589–1655) and(1613–62).Politicians of contrasted character. The father was a worldly minded courtier, bent on accumulating a great landed estate. The son was a radical puritan with mystical ...
stone of Scone
A block of sandstone, long associated with the inauguration of early Scottish kings at Scone (Perthshire) but seized by Edward I in 1296; since 1308 every anointed English sovereign has been crowned ...
