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argument
To argue is to produce considerations designed to support a conclusion. An argument is either the process of doing this (in which sense an argument may be heated or protracted) or the product, i.e. ...
begging the question Reference library
Christopher Kirwan
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (2 ed.)
Literally, requesting what is sought, or at issue. So, requesting an opponent to grant what the opponent seeks a proof of. So, by extension, assuming what is to be proved. A traditional ...
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circle, vicious
A definition is viciously circular when the term to be defined reappears in the definition, or where the notion that is being defined is implicitly contained in the definition. The definition ‘“x is ...
fallacy
Any error of reasoning. Reasoning may fail in many ways, and a great variety of fallacies have been distinguished and named. The main division is into formal fallacies in which something purports to ...
vicious circle
A sequence of reciprocal cause and effect in which two or more elements intensify and aggravate each other, leading inexorably to a worsening of the situation.
