basal metabolism
The minimum amount of energy expended by the body to maintain vital processes, e.g. respiration, circulation, and digestion. It is expressed in terms of heat production per unit of body surface area ...
body weight
The gravitational force that the Earth exerts on a human body at or near the Earth's surface. Body weight is the product of body mass (in kilograms) and acceleration due to gravity (9.81 ms2) ...
energy balance
The balance between the total energy that enters, leaves, and accumulates within a system (such as an ecosystem). Based on the first law of thermodynamics, which says that energy may be transformed, ...
energy expenditure
The amount of energy used, for example, in an activity. The most common unit of energy expenditure is the kilocalorie, but in scientific work the joule is preferred. The daily energy expenditure of ...
energy requirement
Energy requirements are calculated from basal metabolic rate and physical activity. Average energy requirements for adults are 8 MJ (1 900 kcal)/day for women and 10 MJ (2 400 kcal) for men, but ...
hyperthyroidism
n. overactivity of the thyroid gland, either due to a tumour, overgrowth of the gland, or Graves’ disease. See thyrotoxicosis.
hypothyroidism
n. subnormal activity of the thyroid gland. If present at birth and untreated it leads to cretinism. In adult life it causes mental and physical slowing, undue sensitivity to cold, slowing of the ...
overtraining syndrome
A combination of signs and symptoms resulting from overtraining, which typically causes the overtrained athlete to feel mentally fatigued and unable to perform maximally. The symptoms of overtraining ...
physical activity level
Daily physical activity; the sum of the cost of all the physical activities over a 24 hour period. PAL = total energy required over 24 h/BMR over 24 h. According to World Heath Organization ...
physical Activity Ratio
(PAR)The energy used for a particular activity calculated by multiplying the basal metabolic rate (BMR) by a factor appropriate to that activity; PAR energy cost of an activity per minute/energy cost ...
resting metabolic rate
The metabolic rate of a person at rest. When the resting metabolic rate is measured early in the morning in a laboratory under optimal conditions of quiet and relaxation, following an overnight fast ...
thyrotoxicosis
n. the syndrome due to excessive amounts of thyroid hormones in the bloodstream, causing a rapid heartbeat, sweating, tremor, anxiety, increased appetite, loss of weight, and intolerance of heat. ...
thyroxine
A hormone secreted by the thyroid gland, derived from the non-essential amino acid tyrosine, accelerating metabolism and growth and controlling body temperature. Its chemical name is ...
weight, metabolic
Energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate depend on the amount of metabolically active tissue in the body, rather than total body weight; body weight0.75 is generally used to calculate the weight ...
