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Academies
An established gathering of Jewish scholars. The Talmudic terms are yeshivot (‘sitting’), also bet ha-midrash (Heb., ‘House of Study’), bet din gadol (Heb., ‘the great house of law’), and metivta ...
conversion
The term implies rejection of one way of life for another, generally better, after brief and intense insight into the shortcomings of self or the demands of circumstance. Ancient religious cult did ...
Elder
In Israelite society, heads of families; collectively they form the leadership of the tribe (Josh. 9: 11), or, under the monarchy, of the ruling class (2 Sam. 3: 17). Eldership was never the title of ...
Johanan BenZakkai
First-century ce disciple of Hillel. Johanan took a prominent part in the controversies between the Pharisees, of which group he was leader, and the Sadducees. He is said to have been responsible for ...
Karaites
(Heb. , ‘to read’). A Jewish sect, dating from the 8th cent. ad, which rejects rabbinical tradition and the Talmud, and bases its teaching solely on the Scriptures. It survives mainly in Russia and ...
Prosbul
(from Gk.).Jewish legal formula for reclaiming debts after the Sabbatical Year. A prosbul was signed by witnesses before a bet din and would entitle the creditor to collect his ...
Shammash
Jewish salaried official attached to a synagogue or bet din. The duties of a Shammash vary according to the institution.
United Synagogue
Association of Ashkenazi Jewish congregations in Great Britain. The organization was established by Act of Parliament in 1870. It supports the British Chief Rabbinate, the London Bet Din, and all the ...
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