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affective
Pertaining to emotional effects or dispositions (known in psychology as ‘affects’). Affective criticism or affectivism evaluates literary works in terms of the feelings they arouse in audiences or ...
Biblical Criticism
The examination of the books of the Bible with the resources of historical investigation, archaeology, palaeography, and linguistics. Biblical criticism, or the historical critical method, starts ...
criticism
The reasoned discussion of literary works, an activity which may include some or all of the following procedures, in varying proportions: the defence of literature against moralists and censors, ...
death of the author
A slogan coined in 1968 by the French critic R. Barthes in an iconoclastic essay that also called for the ‘birth of the reader’, into whose hands the determination of literary meanings should pass. ...
Hans Robert Jauss
(1921–97)Germanliterary theorist, best known for establishing Reception Aesthetics. Together with his colleague Wolfgang Iser, he is the founder of the Konstanz School, which has had a significant ...
hermeneutics
The branch of knowledge that deals with interpretation, especially of the Bible or literary texts.
implied reader
In Iser's phenomenological theory of reader-response, a hypothetical ‘role’ or ‘model’ of someone assumed by the author to share the knowledge necessary in order to fully understand the text, as ...
indeterminacy
Unpredictability in outcome, because a very large number of interrelated factors are involved and/or because understanding of the particular system is still quite limited.
metaphysics of presence
Term originally used by Heidegger to characterize the central mistake of western metaphysics. In his vision, metaphysics from Plato to Nietzsche postulates a self-knowing and self-propelling ...
Noam Chomsky
(1928– ),professor of modern languages and linguistics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, after Saussure the most important figure in modern linguistics. Two of his books, in particular, ...
practical criticism
In the general sense, the kind of criticism that analyses specific literary works, either as a deliberate application of a previously elaborated theory or as a supposedly non-theoretical ...
reader-oriented
1. In the process of written composition, a stage at which the style and structure of a text is subordinated to the needs of the reader rather than to those of the writer; also drafts of a text which ...
reception theory
A branch of modern literary studies concerned with the ways in which literary works are received by readers. The term has sometimes been used to refer to reader‐response criticism in general, but it ...
Roman Ingarden
(1893–1970).Polish phenomenologist with a realist leaning. Studied in Lvov, Vienna, and Göttingen, and in Freiburg with Husserl. Professor in Lvov and Cracow. His works, written in Polish and German ...
Sir Frank Kermode
(1919–2010),literary critic, born in Douglas, Isle of Man, studied at the University of Liverpool. He held academic posts at the universities of Newcastle, Reading, Manchester, Bristol, London, and ...
Stanley Fish
(1938–)Americanliterary theorist and cultural critic. Born in Providence, Rhode Island, Fish studied at the University of Pennsylvania and Yale. He has taught at the University of California, ...
theory
A generic term for the interdisciplinary combination of philosophy, literary criticism, and sociology produced by scholars like Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Gilles Deleuze. ...
Umberto Eco
(1932– )Italian academic who achieved literary fame with a single novel, The Name of the Rose (1981).Born in Alessandria, Piedmont, Eco studied at Turin University and has devoted his academic career ...
Wolfgang Iser
(1926–2007)Germanliterary scholar, best known for establishing Reception Theory. Together with his colleague Hans Robert Jauss, he is the founder of the Konstanz School of reception aesthetics which ...
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