Agostino Carracci
(1557–1602),Italian artist, born in Bologna; he was the elder brother of Annibale Carracci and the cousin of Ludovico Carracci. Agostino painted a well-known altarpiece, The Communion of St Jerome ...
anatomical theaters
Since antiquity dissection has been performed on animals in two radically different ways: as a private practice of enquiry and as a public spectacle. In his Anatomical Procedures, written in ...
Andreas Vesalius
(1514–64)Belgian physician and anatomist, who was a professor at Padua for six years before becoming a physician to the Habsburg court. He is remembered for producing in 1538–43 definitive text and ...
animal
Animal Farm a fable (1945) by George Orwell which consists of a satire on Russian Communism as it developed under Stalin. The animals of the farm, led by the pigs, revolt against the cruel farmer, ...
anthropology
In philosophical usage, a general theory of human nature, sometimes thought to be the necessary foundation of history and all social sciences. The philosophy of anthropology considers such issues as ...
Arab medicine
The contribution of Arabic medicine to the evolution of medical knowledge is immense. Arab conquests in the 7th century came at a time when the Greco-Roman civilization was plunging deep ...
Aristotle
(384–322bce). Greek philosopherimportant in the early history of Western linguistics both for his general contributions to logic, rhetoric, and poetics and for a specific classification of speech ...
art and science
Have been interdependent in highly creative ways since the fifteenth century. Artists have utilized scientific and mathematical principles since the popularization of perspective in Leon Battista ...
Asaph the Physician
Asaph Judaeus or ‘Asaph ben Berachyahu’, pseudonym attached to the ‘Book of Remedies’ (Sepher Refuoth), considered the oldest Hebrew medical work, variously dated from the 6th to the 10th century. ...
Athenaeus
Of Attaleia in Pamphylia was the founder of a school of physicians, the Pneumatists. Imbued with Stoic ideas but well trained in philosophy in general, Athenaeus assumed as basic elements ...
autopsy
(aw-top-si)a review of the clinical history of a deceased person followed by external examination and dissection of the body and ancillary investigations (e.g. toxicology) in order to determine the ...
biology
The study of living organisms; or a generic term for the life sciences, including botany, zoology, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and related disciplines. [From Greek bios life + logos word, ...
bodysnatcher
A person who illicitly disinterred corpses for dissection, for which there was no legal provision until 1832, a resurrection of Chancery.
Bologna
N. Italy. In the Middle Ages its university (founded in the 12th cent.) was the chief centre in Europe for the study of canon and civil law.
books and libraries
The invention (c.1450) of printing from movable type was the most important factor in the development of books and libraries. Scientific and medical printed books soon became available, at first ...
buildings and the body
The anthropologist Mary Douglas once remarked that, for psychologists and psychoanalysts, everything symbolizes the body; for sociologists, the body symbolizes everything else. In as much as our ...
Burke and Hare
Edinburgh's reputation for medical excellence was jeopardized in the 1820s by growing public vigilance against grave-robbing for dissection purposes. Rather than turn resurrectionists, Burke and Hare ...
capital punishment
Was formerly of central importance in all European criminal justice systems. Although the history of capital punishment in Scotland has been little studied, it is clear that hanging was the standard ...
cardiology
n. the science concerned with the study of the structure, function, and diseases of the heart. See also nuclear cardiology. —cardiologist n.
Celsus
Jurist, see Iuventius Celsus; medical author, see Cornelius Celsus, A. ‘Library of Celsus’ (Ephesus), see libraries.
