navigation
Ancient Mediterranean *ships utilized a pair of side rudders (technically called quarter-rudders), while North Sea ships used a single side rudder. The stern rudder was not unknown, but generally appears to have been reserved for river craft. Both square sails (for sailing with the wind) and triangular lateen sails (for tacking against the wind) were in widespread use.... ...
Access to the complete content on Oxford Reference requires a subscription or purchase. Public users are able to search the site and view the abstracts and keywords for each book and chapter without a subscription.
Please subscribe or login to access full text content.
If you have purchased a print title that contains an access token, please see the token for information about how to register your code.
For questions on access or troubleshooting, please check our FAQs, and if you can''t find the answer there, please contact us.
