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date: 16 March 2025

Cuius est solum eius est usque ad coelum (et ad inferos)  kū´yūs āst sō´lūm ā´yūs āst ūs´kwā ad kœ´lūm (āt ad ēn´fārōs) .  kyū´jus est sa´lum e´jus est yūs´kwē âd sē´lum (et âd in´fɜrōs) . 

Source:
Guide to Latin in International Law
Author(s):

Aaron X. Fellmeth,

Maurice Horwitz

“To whomsoever it belongs, it is his all the way to the heavens (and all the way to hell).”A Roman private law maxim meaning that property or territory extends upward theoretically into the limits of the atmosphere and downward into the soil and substrate to the core of the Earth. This rule has sometimes been imported by analogy into international law. The Chicago Aviation Convention provides that every state has “complete and exclusive sovereignty” over the air space above its land territory and territorial waters and does not specify a vertical limit. ... ...

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