Five-Year Plans, Soviet.
The fundamental aim of the ruling Communist Party in the Soviet Union was to establish an alternative to the capitalist free-market economy, which they as Marxists considered the root of exploitation, deep cyclical changes, and “anarchy.” These theoretical origins of Soviet economic planning from nineteenth-century German socialism were combined with the practical experience from the regulated economies in World War I. In the 1920s, the Soviet leadership founded Gosplan, the state committee for planning, as a central organization that was to coordinate over time and space all the economic activities in the country (investment, production, distribution, finance, consumption, and so on). Gosplan elaborated annual as well as five-year and fifteen-year plans. Gosplan's detailed directives were adopted as laws. Industrial ministeries and firms were required to fulfill the plan targets set by Gosplan and its regional and local representatives.... ...
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