Open-Field System
(Gewanndorf in German, champs ouverts in French; vangebrug in Danish), a distinctive, highly communal agricultural system that emerged only in preindustrial Europe. From the Middle Ages onward, it dominated the plains of western Europe in northern France, the southern German lands, and eastern Denmark, including the islands, the central as well as the midland regions of England and central and eastern Sweden. (See map on page 00.) In a somewhat different form, and at a later date, it was also found in northern Russia. Despite its dominance in some regions, it did not develop throughout Europe; some regions never used the system and were characterized by less-communal and/or enclosed field systems.... ...
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