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date: 16 May 2025

Spirituals, 

Source:
The Oxford Companion to United States History
Author(s):
Horace Clarence BoyerHorace Clarence Boyer

an African-American musical tradition rooted in slave folk songs. Controversy surrounded the Christianization of slaves in the mid–seventeenth century. Many slaveowners argued that slaves did not possess souls and therefore needed no religious instruction; others contended that slaves did possess souls but as long as they were not Christianized they could be held in bondage. Attempting to solve the discrepancy, a Virginia law of ... ...

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