Islam, Polemic Against.
Attacks on Islam were written by both Christians living within the caliphate and those in Byz. territory. The polemic produced in Arab-controlled lands was predominantly apologetic and decreased after the 11th C. Byz. polemic, on the other hand, continued until the end of the empire, and its goal was refutation rather than apology. The amazing success of the Muslims in the 15th C., however, diverted the focus of the discussion; the defeat of the Christians was certainly to be explained not by the superiority of Islam but by the sins of the Greeks.... ...
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