Update
The Oxford Biblical Studies Online and Oxford Islamic Studies Online have retired. Content you previously purchased on Oxford Biblical Studies Online or Oxford Islamic Studies Online has now moved to Oxford Reference, Oxford Handbooks Online, Oxford Scholarship Online, or What Everyone Needs to Know®. For information on how to continue to view articles visit the subscriber services page.
Dismiss
Show Summary Details

Page of

PRINTED FROM OXFORD REFERENCE (www.oxfordreference.com). (c) Copyright Oxford University Press, 2023. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single entry from a reference work in OR for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice).

date: 29 November 2023

francophone 

Source:
A Dictionary of African Politics
Author(s):

Nic Cheeseman,

Eloïse Bertrand,

Sa’eed Husaini

Used to describe states that speak French, typically as a result of colonial rule. At present, sixteen sub-Saharan African countries list French as an official language: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Madagascar, Mali, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, and Togo. However, this category is ambiguous in two ways. First, it is often taken to imply a French colonial legacy or the inclusion of a state in a relationship of ... ...

Access to the complete content on Oxford Reference requires a subscription or purchase. Public users are able to search the site and view the abstracts and keywords for each book and chapter without a subscription.

Please subscribe or login to access full text content.

If you have purchased a print title that contains an access token, please see the token for information about how to register your code.

For questions on access or troubleshooting, please check our FAQs, and if you can''t find the answer there, please contact us.